Simulating pre-monsoon and post-monsoon flows at Farakka barrage, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttam Singh ◽  
Venkappayya R. Desai ◽  
Pramod K. Sharma ◽  
Chandra S. P. Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Farakka Barrage

A Study of the Abundance of Some Adult Culicine Mosquitoes in Ten Villages of Chitwan District, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Vaijayanti Devi Neupane ◽  
Ishan Gautam ◽  
A. S. Tamrakar ◽  
Shambhu Raj Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Post Monsoon

A study was carried out at 10 villages of Chitwan District of Nepal during August-September, 1997 to March- April, 1998. A total of 12 species among 1197 samples were collected. Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. thelieri were previously reported, vector of different mosquito born diseases were recorded. Cx. quinquefasciatus was the most abundant both in post monsoon (26.90%) and pre monsoon (18.7%). Highest resting density (Human) of 9.33 was recorded in Post Monsoon at 25.75º C in Champanagar. Indoor resting density (Cattle) was highest in Suryapur at 22º C in Post Monsoon. The highest outdoor density (0.22) was at 22.5º C in Kholesimal in Pre Monsoon. Resting habit of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus & Cx. mimulus was infinitive in Post Monsoon.  Key Words:  Culex; JE Filariasis;  Abundant;  Resting habit; Chitwan. Journal of Natural History Museum Vol. 24, 2009,Page: 103-113 

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Goats in and around Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusum Lata ◽  
G. Das ◽  
Nitesh Kumbhakar ◽  
Rupanjali Saiyam
Keyword(s):  
Faecal Sample ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasitism ◽  
Specific Species

The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites of goats in and around Jabalpur. During 9 months of study period, out of 1675 faecal sample of goats examined, 1224 (73.07%) were found positive for different gastrointestinal parasites. The maximum prevalence recorded was of Strongyles (61.43%) followed by Coccidia (25.97%), Amphistomes (9.73%), Monieziaexpansa (8.66%), Trichuris spp. (2.03%), Strongyloides spp. (1.79%) and Fasciolagigantica (0.66%). When prevalence was compared in goats maintained at field and farm conditions, significantly higher infection (P>0.01) was observed at farm (85.90%) as compared to field (67.22%) conditions. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism was found higher in adults (73.83%) in comparison to young goats (69.71%). Overall specific species prevalence showed strongyles infection was significantly higher (P>0.01) in adult (64.25%) as compared to young (48.86%) whereas Coccidia and Monieziaexpansa infection was observed significantly high in kids than adult goats. The seasonal prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was found significantly higher (P>0.01) in Monsoon (81.20%) and post-monsoon (76.66%) as compared to spring and winter seasons.

scholarly journals Investigating Groundwater Condition and Seawater Intrusion Status in Coastal Aquifer Systems of Eastern India

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1952
Author(s):  
Subrata Halder ◽  
Lingaraj Dhal ◽  
Madan K. Jha
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Confined Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply

Providing sustainable water supply for domestic needs and irrigated agriculture is one of the most significant challenges for the current century. This challenge is more daunting in coastal regions. Groundwater plays a pivotal role in addressing this challenge and hence, it is under growing stress in several parts of the world. To address this challenge, a proper understanding of groundwater characteristics in an area is essential. In this study, spatio-temporal analyses of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater-levels of two coastal aquifer systems (upper leaky confined and underlying confined) were carried out in Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal, India. Trend analysis of seasonal groundwater-levels of the two aquifers systems was also performed using Mann-Kendall test, Linear Regression test, and Innovative Trend test. Finally, the status of seawater intrusion in the two aquifers was evaluated using available groundwater-quality data of Chloride (Cl−) and Total Dissolve Solids (TDS). Considerable spatial and temporal variability was found in the seasonal groundwater-levels of the two aquifers. Further, decreasing trends were spotted in the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon groundwater-level time series of the leaky confined and confined aquifers, except pre-monsoon groundwater-levels in Contai-I and Deshpran blocks, and the post-monsoon groundwater-level in Ramnagar-I block for the leaky confined aquifer. The leaky confined aquifer in Contai-I, Contai-III, and Deshpran blocks and the confined aquifer in Nandigram-I and Nandigram-II blocks are vulnerable to seawater intrusion. There is an urgent need for the real-time monitoring of groundwater-levels and groundwater quality in both the aquifer systems, which can ensure efficient management of coastal groundwater reserves.

scholarly journals Assessment of Seasonal Variability in Soil Nutrients and Its Impact on Soil Quality under Different Land Use Systems of Lower Shiwalik Foothills of Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1398
Author(s):  
Tavjot Kaur ◽  
Simerpreet Kaur Sehgal ◽  
Satnam Singh ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was conducted to investigate the seasonal effects of five land use systems (LUSs), i.e., wheat–rice (Triticum aestivum—Oryza sativa) system, sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), orange (Citrus sinensis) orchard, safeda (Eucalyptus globules) forest, and grassland, on soil quality and nutrient status in the lower Satluj basin of the Shiwalik foothills Himalaya, India. Samples were analyzed for assessment of physico-chemical properties at four soil depths, viz., 0–15, 15–30, 30–45, and 45–60 cm. A total of 120 soil samples were collected in both the seasons. Soil texture was found to be sandy loam and slightly alkaline in nature. The relative trend of soil organic carbon (SOC), macro- and micro-nutrient content for the five LUSs was forest > orchard > grassland > wheat–rice > sugarcane, in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. SOC was highly correlated with macronutrients and micronutrients, whereas SOC was negatively correlated with soil pH (r = −0.818). The surface soil layer (0–15 cm) had a significantly higher content of SOC, and macro- and micro-nutrients compared to the sub-surface soil layers, due to the presence of more organic content in the soil surface layer. Tukey’s multiple comparison test was applied to assess significant difference (p < 0.05) among the five LUSs at four soil depths in both the seasons. Principle component analysis (PCA) identified that SOC and electrical conductivity (EC) were the most contributing soil indicators among the different land use systems, and that the post-monsoon season had better soil quality compared to the pre-monsoon season. These indicators helped in the assessment of soil health and fertility, and to monitor degraded agroecosystems for future soil conservation.

scholarly journals Observations of Winter Ablation on Glaciers in the Mount Everest Region in 2020–2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2692
Author(s):  
Mauri Pelto ◽  
Prajjwal Panday ◽  
Tom Matthews ◽  
Jon Maurer ◽  
L. Baker Perry
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
National Geographic ◽  
Freezing Level ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Base Camp ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Recent observations of rising snow lines and reduced snow-covered areas on glaciers during the October 2020–January 2021 period in the Nepal–China region of Mount Everest in Landsat and Sentinel imagery highlight observations that significant ablation has occurred in recent years on many Himalayan glaciers in the post-monsoon and early winter periods. For the first time, we now have weather stations providing real-time data in the Mount Everest region that may sufficiently transect the post-monsoon snow line elevation region. These sensors have been placed by the Rolex National Geographic Perpetual Planet expedition. Combining in situ weather records and remote sensing data provides a unique opportunity to examine the impact of the warm and dry conditions during the 2020 post-monsoon period through to the 2020/2021 winter on glaciers in the Mount Everest region. The ablation season extended through January 2021. Winter (DJF) ERA5 reanalysis temperature reconstructions for Everest Base Camp (5315 m) for the 1950–February 2021 period indicate that six days in the January 10–15 period in 2021 fell in the top 1% of all winter days since 1950, with January 13, January 14, and January 12, being the first, second, and third warmest winter days in the 72-year period. This has also led to the highest freezing levels in winter for the 1950–2021 period, with the January 12–14 period being the only period in winter with a freezing level above 6000 m.

scholarly journals Assessment of Trophic Responses of a Reservoir to Seasonal and Annual Variations in Monsoon

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2117
Author(s):  
Su-mi Kim ◽  
Hyun-su Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Phytoplankton Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season ◽  
State Index

The variations in water quality parameters and trophic status of a multipurpose reservoir in response to changing intensity of monsoon rain was investigated by applying a trophic state index deviation (TSID) analysis and an empirical regression model to the data collected in two periods from 2014 to 2017. The reservoir in general maintained mesotrophic conditions, and Carlson’s trophic state index (TSIc) was affected most by TSITP. Nutrient concentrations, particularly phosphorus, did not show strong correlations with precipitation, particularly in the period with weak monsoon, and a significant increase in total phosphorus (TP) was observed in Spring 2015, indicating the possibility of internal phosphorus loading under decreased depth and stability of water body due to a lack of precipitation. TSIChl was higher than TSISD in most data in period 1 when a negligible increase in precipitation was observed in the monsoon season while a significant fraction in period 2 showed the opposite trend. Phytoplankton growth was not limited by nutrient limitation although nutrient ratios (N/P) of most samples were significantly higher than 20, indicating phosphorus-limited condition. TSID and regression analysis indicated that phytoplankton growth was limited by zooplankton grazing in the Spring, and that cell concentrations and community structure in the monsoon and post-monsoon season were controlled by the changing intensity of the monsoon, as evidenced by the positive and negative relationships between community size and cyanobacterial population with the amount of precipitation in the Summer, respectively. The possibility of contribution from internal loading and an increase in cyanobacterial population associated with weak monsoon, in addition to potential for nutrient enrichment in the post-monsoon season, implies a need for the application of more stringent water quality management in the reservoir that can handle all potential scenarios of eutrophication.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Arsenic and Iron Removal Plants (AIRPs) for Groundwater Treatment in Rural Areas of Southwest Bangladesh

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Md. Aminur Rahman ◽  
Sazal Kumar ◽  
A. S. M. Fazle Bari ◽  
Abhishek Sharma ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Cancer Risk Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Arsenic (As) removal plants were installed in As-endemic areas of Bangladesh to remove As from well water. In many cases, these removal plants did not perform satisfactorily. This study evaluated the efficiency of 20 As and iron (Fe) removal plants (AIRPs) during pre- and post-monsoon conditions in rural Bangladesh. Results revealed that As removal efficiencies ranged from 67% to 98% and 74 to 93% during the pre- and post-monsoons periods, respectively. In the post-monsoon season As removal at individual AIRP sites was on average (4.01%) greater than in the pre-monsoon season. However, two removal plants were unable to remove As below 50 µg L−1 (Bangladesh drinking water standard) during pre-monsoon, while 11 samples out of 20 were unable to remove As below the WHO provisional guideline value of 10 µg L−1. During post-monsoon, none of the samples exceeded 50 µg L−1, but eight of them exceeded 10 µg L−1. The Fe removal efficiencies of AIRPs were evident in more than 80% samples. Although As removal efficiency was found to be substantial, a cancer risk assessment indicates that hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) of As in treated water for adults and children are above the threshold limits. Thus, additional reductions of As concentrations in treated water are needed to further reduce the excess cancer risk due to As in drinking water. Since 55% and 40% of the AIRPs were unable to remove As < 10 µg L−1 during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon, further improvement including changes in AIRP design, regular cleaning of sludge, and periodic monitoring of water quality are suggested. Future research is needed to determine whether these modifications improve the performance of AIRPs.

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