Influence of nitrogen levels and non-chemical management strategies on sheath rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) of napier hybrid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlesha Atri ◽  
Maninder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Sheath Rot

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution in Rwanda of Soilborne Fungi Pathogenic to the Common Bean

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Rusuku ◽  
Robin A. Buruchara ◽  
Martin Gatabazi ◽  
Marcial A. Pastor-Corrales
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Soilborne Fungi ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
The Common

The occurrence and distribution of soilborne fungi pathogenic to the common bean were determined by surveys conducted in seven of Rwanda's 10 prefectures during four growing seasons from 1989 to 1990. The pathogens were identified on the basis of symptoms, colony characteristics, reproductive structures, and pathogenicity tests. Of the plants sampled during the March through June 1989 season from four prefectures, 97% exhibited symptoms associated with soilborne pathogens. Root and hypocotyl symptoms appeared in plants sampled during the September through December 1989 season from the prefectures of Kigali (19%), Butare (40%), Gikongoro (33%), and Cyangugu (33%) and during the March through June 1990 season from Gisenyi (60%) and Kibungo (53%). Pythium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli were isolated from all seven prefectures during all four seasons. Sclerotium rolfsii was isolated only during the 1990 September through December season. The frequency of isolation varied by region and season. Pythium spp. were the most frequently isolated fungi from about 40% of the samples, suggesting their potential importance in the root rot complex in Rwanda. The relative importance of the soilborne pathogens and possible relationships with existing cropping systems are discussed. These results will help focus efforts in developing management strategies for common bean diseases caused by soilborne pathogens in Rwanda.

scholarly journals Chemical Management of Broadleaf Buttonweed and Brazilian Pusley in Different Application Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. GALLON ◽  
M.M. TREZZI ◽  
F.B. PAGNONCELLI JR ◽  
R. PASINI ◽  
M. VIECELLI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: Increased use of glyphosate in transgenic soybean areas has selected resistant and tolerant weed species. The aim of this study was to evaluate chemical management strategies for controlling Borreria latifolia and Richardia brasiliensis at pre-emergence (Pre), early post-emergence (Poste) and late post-emergence (Postl). Six experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design with four replicates per treatment in the Pre experiments and three in the Poste and Postl experiments, for each of the species. In the Pre experiments, tests were performed with herbicides imazethapyr, sulfentrazone, chlorimuron, diclosulam, S-metolachlor and saflufenacil. In the Poste experiments, seedlings were sprayed with herbicides bentazon, fomesafen, lactofen, flumioxazin and glyphosate. In Postl experiments, adult plants received glyphosate application associated with herbicides 2,4-D, carfentrazone, imazethapyr, flumiclorac, flumioxazin, sulfentrazone, chlorimuron, saflufenacil and glufosinate, plus three sequential applications with glyphosate only and paraquat/diuron. In the experiments, there was a control treatment without application of herbicides. In the Pre experiments, the plants established at 14 and 28 days after application (DAA) were evaluated. In the Poste and Postl experiments, shoot dry matter evaluation and visual control were performed at 14 and 28 DAA. The herbicides sulfentrazone, S-metolachlor and saflufenacil suppressed the emergence of both B. latifolia as R. brasiliensis; chlorimuron-ethyl and diclosulam were effective only on R. brasiliensis. In Poste, fomesafen, lactofen and flumioxazin reached levels of control over 90% of plants of both species. In Postl, glyphosate associated with carfentrazone, flumiclorac, flumioxazin, chlorimuron-ethyl, saflufenacil, glufosinate, and sequential applications of glyphosate/glyphosate, glyphosate/paraquat+diuron, glyphosate+2,4-D/paraquat+diuron reached levels control higher than 95%.

scholarly journals Why Leading Consumer Product Companies Develop Proactive Chemical Management Strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline E. Scruggs ◽  
Harry J. Van Buren
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Consumer Product ◽  
Chemical Management

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Growth and Reproduction in Response to Nitrogen and Irrigation

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey V. Ransom ◽  
Charles A. Rice ◽  
Clinton C. Shock
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Extensive Growth

Growth and reproductive potential of individual yellow nutsedge plants were examined under two nitrogen levels and three soil moisture regimes. Irrigation levels were selected on the basis of irrigating at soil water potentials of −20, −50, and −80 kPa. Yellow nutsedge patch expansion was measured using digital images to determine ground cover, while plots were subsampled to estimate total shoot and tuber production. High nitrogen increased shoot production in 2004. When plots were irrigated at a soil water potential of −20 kPa, a single yellow nutsedge plant produced 3,000 and 1,700 shoots and 19,000 and 20,000 tubers in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Patch expansion at −20 kPa was exponential, with the greatest expansion occurring between the middle of July and mid to late August. This research demonstrates that the vegetative and reproductive potential of yellow nutsedge is greatly influenced by irrigation level. With such extensive growth and reproductive potential, management strategies for yellow nutsedge should focus on prevention, early detection and containment, early treatment, and integration of control strategies to reduce its competitiveness and spread.

scholarly journals Morphological and Pathogenic Characterization of Sclerotium rolfsii, the Causal Agent of Southern Blight Disease on Common Bean in Uganda

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 2130-2137
Author(s):  
Pamela Paparu ◽  
Amos Acur ◽  
Fred Kato ◽  
Catherine Acam ◽  
Justine Nakibuule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Southern Blight ◽  
Root Rots ◽  
Mycelial Growth Rate ◽  
Agroecological Zones

Over the last 5 years, Southern blight caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. has superseded root rots caused by pathogens such as Fusarium and Pythium spp. as a major constraint of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Uganda. Although S. rolfsii is prevalent in all bean-growing regions of Uganda, there is a lack of information about its diversity and pathogenicity to guide the development of effective management strategies. In total, 348 S. rolfsii isolates were obtained from bean fields in seven agroecological zones of Uganda, with the following objectives: to characterize their morphology, based on mycelial growth rate, mycelium texture, and number of sclerotia; and to determine the pathogenicity of 75 selected isolates on five common bean varieties in artificially inoculated soils in a screenhouse. We found that mycelial growth rate and the number of sclerotia produced on artificial media varied among agroecological zones but not within a zone. The five bean varieties tested were found to be susceptible to S. rolfsii, including varieties MLB49-89A and RWR719 that are resistant to Fusarium and Pythium root rots, respectively. Preemergence damping-off ranged between 0 and 100%, and disease severity index ranged between 4.4 and 100%. The widespread and high levels of S. rolfsii virulence on varieties of common bean indicate that management intervention is urgently required to help reduce losses incurred by Ugandan smallholder farmers. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Diseases of Peanut Caused by Soilborne Pathogens in the Southwestern United States

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey D. Thiessen ◽  
Jason E. Woodward
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Soilborne Pathogens ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Production Areas

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is susceptible to diseases caused by numerous soilborne pathogens. In the southwestern United States pathogens including Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani Kühn AG-4, Sclerotinia minor Jagger and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., and Verticillium dahliae Kleb. routinely affect peanut yield. This region has an arid climate and peanut development is generally later than in other peanut production areas, hence the time plants are exposed to pathogens is increased. These pathogens cause similar symptoms in the field; therefore, proper diagnosis is needed so that the appropriate management strategies can be implemented.

scholarly journals Non chemical management strategies for control of tomato leaf curl virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (Special-5) ◽  
pp. 1430-1435
Author(s):  
NAGAMANDLA RAMYA SRI ◽  
NAGULAPALLY SNEHA LATHA ◽  
SHANTANU JHA
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Tomato Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Tomato Leaf Curl ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

scholarly journals Analysis of growth and agronomic characteristics of off-season corn grown insuccession with soybean and submitted to nitrogen doses

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e007960
Author(s):  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Patrícia Vilela Da Silva ◽  
Gabriel Luiz Reis Devoz ◽  
Natielly Pereira da Silva ◽  
Rafael Felippe Ratke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Physiological Indexes ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Ear Number

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management strategies for the cultivation of off-season corn grown in succession to soybean can be established by growth analysis. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the growth and agronomic performance of corn in the off-season due to nitrogen levels in an Oxisol of the Cerrado of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, arranged in a split-plot scheme, with six replications. The plots were formed by five nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of N), and the time of evaluation of the corn development parameters (30, 45, 60 and 75 days after emergency (DAE)) constituted the subplots. The source of N used was urea (45% N), with 30 DAE applied. The cultivar Invictus Viptera 3 of corn was cultivated in the off-season. Plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of the plant shoot, physiological indexes of growth analysis were evaluated at 30, 40, 60 and 75 DAE. In the flowering period of corn, after the emission of the female inflorescence, were determined the indirect readings of the leaf chlorophyll, leaf N, height plant, and height of the ear insertion. At the physiological maturity of the grain was evaluated height of ear insertion, ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row and ear diameter, the mass of a thousand grains, and grain yield. The 160 kg ha-1 dose of N showed better performance and higher morphophysiological indices for corn off-season in succession to the soybean crop. However, the higher grain yield of corn was obtained with the 126 kg ha-1 of N.

scholarly journals Chemical management strategies for starry stonewort : a mesocosm study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaytee Pokrzywinski ◽  
West Bishop ◽  
Christopher Grasso ◽  
Kaitlin Volk ◽  
Kurt Getsinger
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Specific Conductance ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Wet Weight

US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) approved algaecides and herbicides are frequently utilized to manage nuisance algae and aquatic macrophytes. However, there is limited information available on the effectiveness of these products for the management of starry stonewort. Thus, the goal of this research was to discern effective chemical control products for later growth stages of starry stonewort using mesocosm studies. Eleven treatments were evaluated using various combinations of four copper-based products, endothall, diquat, and carfentrazone – all with USEPA registrations for use in aquatic sites. To assess treatment efficacy, water quality, photophysiology, biomass changes, and bulbil viability were evaluated. Nine of the eleven treatments yielded lower dissolved oxygen concentrations and higher specific conductance when compared to the control. Photophysiological response varied by condition, but seven of eleven treatments resulted in significantly lower fluorescent and maximum fluorescent yield. Five of these also exhibited significantly lower average photosynthetic yields, with combination treatments resulting in more drastic decreases. Ten of the eleven treatments had significantly less biomass compared to the control when measured via wet weight; however, only four treatments were significant when measured via dry weight. Lastly, all conditions utilizing copper-based products significantly reduced bulbil viability while non-copper products had no impact.

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