scholarly journals VGI3D: an Interactive and Low-Cost Solution for 3D Building Modelling from Street-Level VGI Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoquan Zhang ◽  
Hongchao Fan ◽  
Gefei Kong
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Information ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Software Modules ◽  
Geometrical Data ◽  
The Cost

AbstractApplications in smart cities are inseparable from the usage of three-dimensional (3D) building models. However, the cost of generating and constructing 3D building models with semantic information is high both in time and in labour. To solve this problem, we developed a web-based interactive system, VGI3D, with the ambition of becoming a VGI platform to collect 3D building models with semantic information by using the power of crowdsourcing. VGI3D is a platform-independent software program that is composed of a spatially relational database (PostgreSQL/PostGIS) for the storage and management of spatially geometrical data and other software modules, allowing users to import, analyse, reconstruct, visualise, modify and export 3D building models according to the OBJ/CityGML standard. In this paper, we present the VGI3D in detail, focusing on relevant technical implementations, and report the results of limited usability testing aimed at optimising the system and user experience. After limited expert and non-expert participants’ testing, we proved the usefulness of VGI3D and its promising value for the 3D modelling community.

Integration of knowledge-based and generative systems for building characterization and prediction

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajla Aksamija ◽  
Kui Yue ◽  
Hyunjoo Kim ◽  
Francois Grobler ◽  
Ramesh Krishnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Interactive System ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Building Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

AbstractThis paper discusses the integration of knowledge bases and shape grammars for the generation of building models, covering interaction, system, and implementation. Knowledge-based and generative systems are combined to construct a method for characterizing existing buildings, in particular, their interior layouts based on exterior features and certain other parameters such as location and real dimensions. The knowledge-based model contains information about spatial use, organization, elements, and contextual information, with the shape grammar principally containing style rules. Buildings are analyzed and layouts are generated through communication and interaction between these two systems. The benefit of using an interactive system is that the complementary properties of the two schemes are employed to strengthen the overall process. Ontologies capture knowledge relating to architectural design principles, building anatomy, structure, and systems. Shape grammar rules embody change through geometric manipulation and transformation. Existing buildings are analyzed using this approach, and three-dimensional models are automatically generated. Two particular building types, the vernacular rowhouse and high-rise apartment building, both from Baltimore, Maryland, are presented to illustrate the process and for comparing the utilized methodologies.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF IMPERFECT POINT CLOUDS FOR 3D INDOOR MAPPING AND MODELING

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-4/W6 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
J. Chen ◽  
O. E. Mora ◽  
K. C. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sharp Edges ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Indoor Spaces

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In recent years, growing public interest in three-dimensional technology has led to the emergence of affordable platforms that can capture 3D scenes for use in a wide range of consumer applications. These platforms are often widely available, inexpensive, and can potentially find dual use in taking measurements of indoor spaces for creating indoor maps. Their affordability, however, usually comes at the cost of reduced accuracy and precision, which becomes more apparent when these instruments are pushed to their limits to scan an entire room. The point cloud measurements they produce often exhibit systematic drift and random noise that can make performing comparisons with accurate data difficult, akin to trying to compare a fuzzy trapezoid to a perfect square with sharp edges. This paper outlines a process for assessing the accuracy and precision of these imperfect point clouds in the context of indoor mapping by integrating techniques such as the extended Gaussian image, iterative closest point registration, and histogram thresholding. A case study is provided at the end to demonstrate use of this process for evaluating the performance of the Scanse Sweep 3D, an ultra-low cost panoramic laser scanner.</p>

scholarly journals Applicability of using the 3D concrete printing technology in Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Ruaa Elnaeem ◽  
Mohammed Taglsir
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sand Mixture ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Low Cost Housing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost

Three-dimensional (3D) Printing is an advanced manufacturing process that has been applied to many fields. Recently, the 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) has been employed for construction due to its ability to produce complex shapes easily, with less human intervention and with minimum material wastage. However, there are challenging issues regarding the cost of construction and the components of concrete mixture which are not fully explored. The aim of this paper is to review the 3DCP technology and investigate the possibility of applying it in Sudan, specifically for low-cost housing. In order to meet this aim, a comprehensive review has been done to study the projects implemented worldwide using 3DCP technique. Then, some concrete mixtures have been reviewed analyze the amount of materials used in each mix. The necessary tests to ensure the, workability, Extrudability and buildability have also been specified. Then the 3DCP technique has been compared with three common construction methods in Sudan for low-cost housing those were 40 square meters area in plan. These methods are the cement blocks, the Ferrocement and the graded sand mixture.. The comparison has been made in terms of construction cost, construction duration and the man-force required. The results have shown that the 3DCP model needed the least number of construction days. However, it was the highest in terms of the cost and the second best in terms of the used labors. It has been concluded that applying 3DCP technology in Sudan is possible and could be effective in the low-cost housing projects.  

A Low Cost Configuration for Internetwork Telemicroscopy

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1146-1147
Author(s):  
D. W. Dorward
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Input Devices ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Advances in internetwork data transmission rates and reductions in the cost of imaging components and applications have facilitated real-time sharing of video, still images, and microscope operating systems with collaborators or observers at remote locations. Specialized direct and web-based systems for transmission electron microscopy have been described previously. However, in order to develop a generic and flexible means of sharing live images and data from light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscope instruments, a telemicroscopy system was configured using readily available components and software that can be adapted for use with most common computer operating and networking systems.Figure 1 diagrams the general configuration used in our laboratory. Input devices can include inexpensive desktop digital or analog video cameras, specialized fast or slow scan CCD cameras, and the analog video-screen signal generated by scanning electron microscopes. For transmission through TCP/IP networks, analog signals must be digitized with a frame grabber card.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional printing versus conventional machining in the creation of a meatal urethral dilator: a cost and mechanical strength analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Yue-Cheng Chen ◽  
Jacob Skewes ◽  
Ryan Daley ◽  
Maria Ann Woodruff ◽  
Nicholas John Rukin
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Conventional Machining

Abstract Background Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a promising technology in medicine. Low-cost 3D printing options are accessible but the limitations are often poorly understood. We aim to compare fused deposition modelling (FDM), the most common and low cost 3D printing technique, with selective laser sintering (SLS) and conventional machining techniques in manufacturing meatal urethral dilators which were recently removed from the Australian market.Methods A meatal urethral dilator was designed using computer-aided design (CAD). The dilator was 3D printed vertically orientated on a low cost FDM 3D printer in polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). It was also 3D printed horizontally orientated in ABS on a high-end FDM 3D printer with soluble support material, as well as on a SLS 3D printer in medical nylon. The dilator was also machined in medical stainless steel using a lathe. All dilators were tested mechanically in a custom rig by hanging calibrated weights from the handle until the dilator snapped.Results The horizontally printed ABS dilator experienced failure at a greater load than the vertically printed PLA and ABS dilators respectively (503g vs 283g vs 163g, p < 0.001). The SLS nylon dilator did not fail but began to bend and deformed at around 5,000g of pressure. The steel dilator did not bend even at 10,000g of pressure. The cost per dilator is highest for the steel dilator if assuming a low quantity of five at 98 USD, but this decreases to 30 USD for a quantity of 1000. In contrast, the cost for the SLS dilator is 33 USD for a quantity of five but relatively unchanged at 27 for a quantity of 1000.Conclusions SLS and conventional machining created clinically functional meatal dilators but low-cost FDM printing could not. We suggest that at the current time 3D printing is not a replacement for conventional manufacturing techniques which are still the most reliable way to produce large quantities of parts with a simple geometry such as the meatal dilator. 3D printing is best used for patient-specific parts, prototyping or manufacturing complex parts that have additional functionality that cannot be achieved with conventional machining methods.

scholarly journals A Versatile Open-Source Printhead for Low-Cost 3D Microextrusion-Based Bioprinting

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2346
Author(s):  
Andres Sanz-Garcia ◽  
Enrique Sodupe-Ortega ◽  
Alpha Pernía-Espinoza ◽  
Tatsuya Shimizu ◽  
Carmen Escobedo-Lucea
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Multiple Units

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting promises to be essential in tissue engineering for solving the rising demand for organs and tissues. Some bioprinters are commercially available, but their impact on the field of Tissue engineering (TE) is still limited due to their cost or difficulty to tune. Herein, we present a low-cost easy-to-build printhead for microextrusion-based bioprinting (MEBB) that can be installed in many desktop 3D printers to transform them into 3D bioprinters. We can extrude bioinks with precise control of print temperature between 2–60 °C. We validated the versatility of the printhead, by assembling it in three low-cost open-source desktop 3D printers. Multiple units of the printhead can also be easily put together in a single printer carriage for building a multi-material 3D bioprinter. Print resolution was evaluated by creating representative calibration models at different temperatures using natural hydrogels such as gelatin and alginate, and synthetic ones like poloxamer. Using one of the three modified low-cost 3D printers, we successfully printed cell-laden lattice constructs with cell viabilities higher than 90% after 24-h post printing. Controlling temperature and pressure according to the rheological properties of the bioinks was essential in achieving optimal printability and great cell viability. The cost per unit of our device, which can be used with syringes of different volume, is less expensive than any other commercially available product. These data demonstrate an affordable open-source printhead with the potential to become a reliable alternative to commercial bioprinters for any laboratory.

scholarly journals A Versatile Open-source Printhead for Low-cost 3D Microextrusion-based Bioprinting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Sanz-Garcia ◽  
Enrique Sodupe-Ortega ◽  
ALPHA V. PERNIA-ESPINOZA ◽  
Tatsuya Shimizu ◽  
Carmen Escobedo-Lucea
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Multiple Units

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting promises to be essential in tissue engineering for solving the rising demand for organs and tissues. Some bioprinters are commercially available, but their impact on the field of TE is still limited due to their cost or difficulty to tune. Herein, we present a low-cost easy-to-build printhead for microextrusion-based bioprinting (MEBB) that can be installed in many desktop 3D printers to transform them into 3D bioprinters. We can extrude bioinks with precise control of print temperature between 2 - 60 &ordm;C. We validated the versatility of the printhead, by assembling it in three low-cost open-source desktop 3D printers. Multiple units of the printhead can also be easily put together in a single printer carriage for building a multi-material 3D bioprinter. Print resolution was evaluated by creating representative calibration models at different temperatures using natural hydrogels such as gelatin and alginate, and synthetic ones like poloxamer. Using one of the three modified low-cost 3D printers, we successfully printed cell-laden lattice constructs with cell viabilities higher than 90% after 24h post printing. Controlling temperature and pressure according to the rheological properties of the bioinks was essential in achieving optimal printability and great cell viability. The cost per unit of our device, which can be used with syringes of different volume, is less expensive than any other commercially available product. These data demonstrate an affordable open-source printhead with the potential to become a reliable alternative to commercial bioprinters for any laboratory.

scholarly journals GEOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF LOWEST AVAILABLE AIRFARES ON AUSTRALIAN AIR ROUTES

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Kurt Fuellhart
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Linear Modelling ◽  
On Line ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Confirmatory Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into

Deregulation of the airline industry in Australia has produced lower airfares. However this perspective rarely incorporates spatial insights and usually utilizes archival data. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a first-stage confirmatory analysis of up-to-date airfares charged on 24 major routes within Australia using Skyscanner, a web-based and consumer-oriented tool to access airfares. This tool displays fares during an on-line booking process prior to purchase, just as consumers would experience it. We apply Skyscanner to extract one set of current fares -- lowest fare data -- on the routes and then use linear modelling to establish variables that can be utilized to predict these lowest fare prices. While far from a full accounting of the cost of Australian air services, this test of Skyscanner as a data source, along with the successful confirmatory linear analysis, shows that the underlying configuration of the nation’s urban population, distance, direct connections, and characteristics of links and networks of low cost carriers are powerful influences upon prices charged. We suggest that Skyscanner and similar data sources may provide researchers with alternative low cost data that may shed insight into many air transport pricing questions.

scholarly journals A New Era in Spatial Data Recording: Low-Cost GNSS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Chad Hill ◽  
Fred Limp ◽  
Jesse Casana ◽  
Elise Jakoby Laugier ◽  
Malcolm Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
New Era ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Rtk Gps ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
The Cost

AbstractArchaeologists have long recognized that precise three-dimensional coordinates are critical for recording objects and features across sites and landscapes. Traditionally, for relatively small areas, an optical transit or, more recently, an electronic distance measurement device (EDM) has been used to acquire these three-dimensional points. While effective, such systems have significant limitations in that they require a clear line of site. Real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS/GNSS systems (Global Positioning System/Global Navigation Satellite Systems) have been available for well over a decade, and can provide quick and accurate point measurements over a wide area without many of the limitation of older technologies. The cost of such systems, however, has generally been prohibitive for archaeologists, and so their use has been rare. Recently, a new generation of low-cost systems has become available, making this technology more accessible to a wider user base. This article describes the use, accuracy, and limitations of one such low-cost system, the Emlid Reach RS, to show why this is an important tool for archaeological fieldwork.

scholarly journals 3DMOVER 2.0 &#8211; LOW-COST APPLICATION FOR USABILITY TESTING OF 3D GEOVISUALISATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W17 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
L. Herman
Keyword(s):  
User Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
User Interactions ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Interactive 3D ◽  
Usability Research ◽  
Spiral Model ◽  
Conclusion Section

Abstract. Three-dimensional (3D) visualisations of geospatial data have become very popular in the last years. Various applications and tools are based on interactive 3D geovisualisations. However, the user aspects of these 3D geovisualisations are not yet fully understood. While several studies have focused on how users work with these 3D geovisualisations, only few studies focus directly on interactive 3D geovisualisations and employ usability research methods like screen logging. This method enables the objective recording of movement in 3D virtual environments and of user interactions in general. Therefore, we created a web-based research tool: a 3D Movement and Interaction Recorder (3DmoveR). This tool is based on the user logging method, combined with a digital questionnaire and practical spatial tasks. The design and implementation of this tool follow the spiral model, and its current version is 2.0. It is implemented using open web technologies such as PHP, JavaScript, and the Three.js library. After building this tool, we verified it through load testing and a simple pilot test verifying accessibility. We continued to describe the first deployment of 3DmoveR 2.0 in a real user study. The future modifications and applications of 3DmoveR 2.0 are discussed in the conclusion section. Attention was paid to future deployment during user testing outside controlled (laboratory) conditions.

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