scholarly journals Vicia sativa Roth. Can Reduce Soil and Water Losses in Recently Planted Vineyards (Vitis vinifera L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-842
Author(s):  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
Enric Terol ◽  
Gaspar Mora ◽  
Antonio Giménez-Morera ◽  
Artemi Cerdà
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Soil Erosion Control ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
Soil And Water

AbstractElevated soil loss and runoff rates can reduce soil fertility; therefore, soil erosion control strategies must be implemented at the hillslope and watershed scale when plantations are established and the soil is bare. In this research, we propose the use of the Vicia sativa Roth. to reduce the soil losses during the first year to control the peak of soil erosion after the plantation in tilled vineyards. To test its efficiency, rainfall simulation experiments were carried out with field surveys in The Casa Pago Gran, in the Eastern Iberian Peninsula. Our results demonstrate that soil properties (organic matter and soil bulk density) and soil erosion (soil loss, runoff and sediment concentration) were significantly different between the control plot (tilled) and with cover crops along with August 2016, 2017 and 2018 measurement periods, but not during January 2016, coinciding with the initial survey before the vetch sown. Runoff initiation was delayed in 3.7 times after 3 years (from 190 till 709 s). The runoff discharge was reduced by the Vicia sativa from 32.87 till 13.68%, the sediment concentration went down from 18.54 till 3.81 gr l−1 and the soil erosion from 3.36 to 0.29 Mg ha−1 year−1. An increase in soil bulk density was registered but did not affect the runoff generation either the soil losses, that was reduced by the plant cover. We conclude that it is necessary to include soil erosion control measures such as the use of Vicia sativa to reduce soil erosion processes during the first stages of the vineyard plantations due to the soil quality improvements and the reduction in soil and water losses.

scholarly journals Soil and Water Loss Rates in Oxisols Under No-tillage System in Western Paraná, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Luana Salete Celante ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Aracéli Ciotti de Marins ◽  
Daniela Trentin Nava ◽  
Flávio Gurgacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Soil And Water Loss ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Loss Rates

The objective of work was to quantify soil and water loss rates as a function of slope variation, correlating these rates with soybean yield. In addition to developing multiple linear regression models that associate water and soil loss rates in function of their physical attributes. The experiment was conducted in an Oxisols under a no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in Cascavel, PR, Brazil. Four slopes (3.5%; 8.2%; 11.4% and 13.5%) were considered as treatments. The water and soil loss rates were monitored in the rainfall occurring during the crop development cycle. The water drained in each plot was collected in gutters made of polyvinyl chloride and stored in containers for the quantification of soil and water losses. The stepwise backward method was used to identify the variables that had a significant influence on water and soil losses. The unevenness of the terrain did not influence the soil and water loss rates. The maximum soil and water losses during the soybean cycle were, respectively, 0.01962 Mg ha-1 and 4.07 m3 ha-1. The maximum soil and water losses occurred when the precipitation volume was up to 82 mm. Soil and water losses showed a higher correlation with macroporosity and bulk density. Soybean grain yield showed a higher linear correlation with water, and soil loss and was higher at the slopes of 8.2% and 13.4%. The low water and soil losses demonstrate the soil capacity, managed under a no-tillage system, to minimize environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Examining the Effectiveness of Catch Crops as a Nature-Based Solution to Mitigate Surface Soil and Water Losses as an Environmental Regional Concern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemi Cerdà ◽  
Iván Franch-Pardo ◽  
Agata Novara ◽  
Srikanta Sannigrahi ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Catch Crop ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Catch Crops ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Soil And Water

AbstractThe main goal of this research was to conduct a biophysical, economic, social, and perception-based approach to foresee the solutions that could be used to mitigate the soil loss problem cost-effectively in “La Ribera del Xúquer” district (Valencia Region, Spain). To achieve these goals, a farmer perception survey was carried out, and an assessment of the biophysical impact of catch crops on soil organic matter, bulk density, steady-state infiltration rate (double-ring infiltrometer) and runoff generation, and soil erosion (rainfall simulation experiments) was carried out in 2016. For the biophysical approach, two paired plots, i.e., catch crops vs. glyphosate herbicide treatment (in advance, control plot), were selected under clementine citrus production. The results show that soil organic matter increased from 1.14 to 1.63%, and bulk density decreased from 1.47 to 1.27 g cm−3 after 10 years of treatments using catch crops. They also facilitated higher infiltration rates from 16.7 to 171 mm h−1 and a delay in runoff generation from 149 to 654 s for control and catch crop plots. Both runoff rates (from 50.6 to 3.1%) and soil erosion (from 3.9 to 0.04 Mg ha−1 h−1) were reduced once the catch crops were deployed in the field. After surveying (2018–2019), farmers stated the use of catch crops as a speck of dirt and a cause of possible loss of reputation when used. Moreover, farmers (N = 73) would accept the catch crops as an effective nature-based alternative only if a subsidy of 131.17€ ha−1 would be paid. The survey results also demonstrated that the farmers' community would see catch crop more as a benefit for the planet's health and society. Few constraints, such as ageing of the farmers’ population, lack of education and negative perception for other management factors, are the critical detrimental factors for adopting catch crops as a nature-based solution to reduce soil and water losses. There is a need for an effective agrarian extension service to change the fate of the current agriculture and achieve sustainability by adopting new management strategies in contemporary agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Tillage Impacts on Initial Soil Erosion in Wheat and Sainfoin Fields under Simulated Extreme Rainfall Treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Tugrul Yakupoglu ◽  
Recep Gundogan ◽  
Turgay Dindaroglu ◽  
Kadir Kusvuran ◽  
Veysel Gokmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Water Losses

The main aim of this research was to determine the potential effects of different tillage systems (TT: traditional tillage and RT: reduced tillage) on runoff and erosion at two different locations (Kahramanmaras and Tarsus, Southern Turkey) under (i) fallow, (ii) wheat (Triticumaestivum L.), and (iii) sainfoin (Onobrychissativa L.) crops. Rainfall simulations with intensity of 120 mm h−1 and 30-min duration, representing a typical extreme thunderstorm in this area, were used. We quantified the elapsed time to runoff generation (ET), total runoff volume (R), soil loss (SL), sediment concentration (SC), and runoff coefficient (RC). At both locations, the fallow plots indicated the first runoff response ranging between 1.2 and 3.1 min, while the range was between 9.4 and 8.9 min for the sainfoin plots. The highest runoff coefficient was recorded for the fallow parcel in Tarsus (57.7%), and the lowest runoff coefficient was recorded for the sainfoin parcel in Kahramanmaras (4%). For both study sites, the fallow plots showed higher soil erosion rates (871 and 29.21 g m−2) compared with the wheat plots (307 and 11.25 g m−2), while sainfoin recorded the lowest soil losses (93.68 and 3.45 g m−2), for Tarsus and Kahramanmaras, respectively. Runoff and sediment yield generated from sainfoin and wheat parcels under the RT system were less than under the TT system at the Kahramanmaras location. At the Tarsus location, the effect of soil tillage on soil and water losses was insignificant on the sainfoin planted plots. The reduced tillage system was successful in reducing sediment yield and runoff generated from parcels growing wheat and sainfoin compared to traditional tillage in Tarsus location, but runoff and soil loss were found to be very high compared to parcels constructed in the Kahramanmaras location.

scholarly journals The Use of Straw Mulches to Mitigate Soil Erosion under Different Antecedent Soil Moistures

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2518
Author(s):  
Ataollah Kavian ◽  
Mahin Kalehhouei ◽  
Leila Gholami ◽  
Zeinab Jafarian ◽  
Maziar Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Soil Erosion Control ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Straw mulch cover is one of the most important soil erosion control measures applied to reduce runoff and soil loss in cultivated areas. However, in developing countries such as Iran, without a clear tradition or knowledge about soil erosion control measures, the use of straw mulch is rare, and its impact in the most extended crops is not well understood. We investigated the separate and combined effects of colza (Brassica napus L.) and corn (Zea mays L.), to mitigate the activation of soil loss and runoff in sandy-loam soils, under different antecedent soil moisture conditions, in a rainfed plot in Northern Iran. Under laboratory conditions, we used a rainfall simulator device. The experiments were performed by using a rainfall intensity of 50 mm h−1, with a duration of 10 min and an inclination of 30%, with three replications. These conditions were used to evaluate the soils under extreme meteorological and topographical conditions. Two types of straw mulch, colza and corn, separated and combined with three different cover levels (25, 50 and 75%) and four distinct antecedent soil moisture conditions (0, 15, 20 and 30%), were used. The results showed that the applied straw mulches had significant effects on the reduction of soil loss and sediment concentration, by almost 99%. The maximum reduction of soil loss and sediment concentration was observed for the treatments with 0% moisture and 75% of corn, colza + corn and colza, with a reduction of 93.8, 92.2 and 84.9% for soil loss, respectively, and 91.1, 85.7 and, 60.7% for sediment concentration, respectively. The maximum reduction of runoff was also obtained with 0% soil moisture and a cover of 75%, reducing 62.5, 48.5 and 34.8% for colza, colza + corn and corn, respectively. The corn straw mulch showed the highest effectivity on reducing soil loss and sediment concentration toward colza treatment. But the colza straw mulch showed the best results on reducing runoff toward corn treatment. We conclude that the application of straw mulch is affordable and useful in reducing soil loss and runoff, instead of bare soils.

scholarly journals Temporal changes in soil water erosion on sloping vineyards in the Ruwer- Mosel Valley. The impact of age and plantation works in young and old vines

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
Christine Brings ◽  
Thomas Iserloh ◽  
Markus C. Casper ◽  
Manuel Seeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Soil And Water

AbstractIt is well known that rainfall causes soil erosion in sloping German vineyards, but little is known about the effect of age of plantation on soil erosion, which is relevant to understand and design sustainable management systems. In the Ruwer-Mosel valley, young (1- to 4-years) and old (35- to 38-years after the plantation) vineyards were selected to assess soil and water losses by using two-paired Gerlach troughs over three years (2013-2015). In the young vineyard, the overland flow was 107 L m-1and soil loss 1000 g m-1in the year of the plantation, and decreased drastically over the two subsequent years (19 L m-1; 428 g m-1). In the old vineyard, soil (from 1081 g m-1to 1308 g m-1) and water (from 67 L m-1to 102 L m-1) losses were 1.2 and 1.63 times higher, respectively, than in the young vineyard.

scholarly journals PERDAS DE SOLO E DE ÁGUA EM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE MANEJO EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Stanley Vaz dos Santos ◽  
Eva De Melo Ferreira ◽  
Nori Paulo Griebeler ◽  
Wilson Mozena Leandro
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Erosion Models ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
Soil And Water

O objetivo foi comparar as perdas de água e solo em diferentes sistemas de manejo, bem como determinar parâmetros de clima e de solo que possam estar associados a essas perdas e estimar perdas de solo por meio de modelos matemáticos. A área experimental consiste em 10 parcelas de 20 m2 (10 × 2 m), das quais nove foram trabalhadas inicialmente no sistema de plantio direto (SPD) e uma utilizada no sistema convencional (CO). Nestes moldes foram quantificadas as perdas de solo e água em diferentes safras. No final do segundo ano, das parcelas com SPD, cinco foram mantidas neste sistema, duas foram revolvidas na profundidade de 25 cm e reiniciadas no SPD e, em duas foi utilizado o sistema CO. Antes da utilização como sistema convencional, a parcela CO possuía plantio direto. Nas três safras estudadas o percentual infiltrado foi superior a 93% para o SPD e a 71% para o CO, considerando apenas as chuvas que propiciaram escoamento. As médias das perdas de solo na segunda safra foram de 2,27; 2,51; 14.61; e 14,79 t ha-1 e, de água, de 3,07; 5,51; 14,04; e 10,80 %, respectivamente para os sistemas de manejo SPD, CO e PDI.Palavras-chave: erosão hídrica, modelos de predição, erosividade. SOIL AND WATER LOSSES IN DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN LATOSSOLOVERMELHO ABSTRACT: The objective was to compare soil and water losses in different management systems, as well as determine soil and climate parameters that could be associated with these losses and estimate soil losses through mathematical models. The experimental area consists of 10 plots of 20 m2 (10 × 2 m), of which nine were initially worked in the no-tillage system (SPD) and one in the conventional system (CO). Soils and water losses in different crops were quantified in these models. At the end of the second year, of the plots with SPD, five were kept in this system, two were revolved at 25 cm depth and restarted in the SPD and in two the CO system was used. Prior to use as a conventional system, the CO plot had no-tillage. In the three harvests studied, the percentage infiltrated was greater than 93% for the SPD and 71% for the CO, considering only the rains that caused the runoff. The average soil loss in the second harvest was 2.27; 2.51; 14.61; and 14.79 t ha-1 and, by water, 3.07; 5.51; 14.04; and 10.80%, respectively for the SPD, CO and PDI management systems.Keywords: hydric erosion, models of prediction, erosivity.

scholarly journals Soil erosion assessment and control in Northeast Wollega, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 3511-3540 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adugna ◽  
A. Abegaz ◽  
A. Cerdà
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Soil Erosion Control ◽  
Soil Losses

Abstract. Soil erosion is the main driver of land degradation in Ethiopia, and in the whole region of East Africa. This study was conducted at the Northeast Wollega in West Ethiopia to estimate the soil losses by means of the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The purpose of this paper is to identify erosion spot areas and target locations for appropriate development of soil and water conservation measures. Fieldwork and household survey were conducted to identify major determinants of soil erosion control. Six principal factors were used to calculate soil loss per year, such as rainfallerosivity, soil erodiblity, slope length, slope steepness, crop management and erosion-control practices. The soil losses have shown spatio-temporal variations that range from 4.5 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in forest to 65.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1 in cropland. Results from the analysis of stepwise multiple linear regression show that sustainable soil erosion control are determined byknowledge of farmers about soil conservation, land tenure security and off-farm income at community level. Thus, policy aim at keeping land productivity will need to focus on terracing, inter-cropping and improved agro-forestry practices.

Long-term impact of rainfed agricultural land abandonment on soil erosion in the Western Mediterranean basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemi Cerdà ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
Agata Novara ◽  
Eric Charles Brevik ◽  
Ali Reza Vaezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Land Abandonment ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil And Water

Land abandonment is widespread in the Mediterranean mountains. The impact of agricultural abandonment results in a shift in ecosystem evolution due to changes in soil erosion, but little is known about long-term soil and water losses. This paper uses 11 years of measurements in two paired plots (abandoned vs control) with four subplots to determine how soil and water losses evolved after abandonment within an agricultural parcel. For two years (2004–2005) both plots were under tillage, and after 2006 one plot was abandoned. The monitored plots measured runoff and sediment concentration after each rainfall event. The results show that during the two years after abandonment there was an increase in sediment yield followed by a decrease. Once the field was abandoned, a sudden increase in runoff (× 2.1 times) and sediment concentration (× 1.2 times) was found due to the lack of vegetation and tillage. After one year, the sediment concentration and, after two years, the runoff rates were lower in the abandoned than in the tilled plots. This short transition period ended in contrasting responses between the control and abandoned plot as the impact of abandonment resulted in 21 times less sediment yield after nine years of abandonment. This occurred despite the fact that the year after the abandonment the abandoned plot had 2.9 times more erosion due to low vegetation recovery and the development of a soil crust. Agriculture land abandonment resulted in lower erosion rates over the long term, but showed an increase in soil and water losses over the short term (two years). Therefore, in the first two years after abandonment there is a particular need to apply nature-based soil and water conservation strategies to prevent soil erosion.

scholarly journals Prioritization of Sub-Watersheds to Sediment Yield and Evaluation of Best Management Practices in Highland Ethiopia, Finchaa Catchment

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Wakjira Takala Dibaba ◽  
Tamene Adugna Demissie ◽  
Konrad Miegel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Sediment Yields ◽  
Soil And Water

Excessive soil loss and sediment yield in the highlands of Ethiopia are the primary factors that accelerate the decline of land productivity, water resources, operation and function of existing water infrastructure, as well as soil and water management practices. This study was conducted at Finchaa catchment in the Upper Blue Nile basin of Ethiopia to estimate the rate of soil erosion and sediment loss and prioritize the most sensitive sub-watersheds using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using the observed streamflow and sediment data. The average annual sediment yield (SY) in Finchaa catchment for the period 1990–2015 was 36.47 ton ha−1 yr−1 with the annual yield varying from negligible to about 107.2 ton ha−1 yr−1. Five sub-basins which account for about 24.83% of the area were predicted to suffer severely from soil erosion risks, with SY in excess of 50 ton ha−1 yr−1. Only 15.05% of the area within the tolerable rate of loss (below 11 ton ha−1yr−1) was considered as the least prioritized areas for maintenance of crop production. Despite the reasonable reduction of sediment yields by the management scenarios, the reduction by contour farming, slope terracing, zero free grazing and reforestation were still above the tolerable soil loss. Vegetative contour strips and soil bund were significant in reducing SY below the tolerable soil loss, which is equivalent to 63.9% and 64.8% reduction, respectively. In general, effective and sustainable soil erosion management requires not only prioritizations of the erosion hotspots but also prioritizations of the most effective management practices. We believe that the results provided new and updated insights that enable a proactive approach to preserve the soil and reduce land degradation risks that could allow resource regeneration.

scholarly journals Soil Erosion Estimates in Arid Region: A Case Study of the Koutine Catchment, Southeastern Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6763
Author(s):  
Mongi Ben Zaied ◽  
Seifeddine Jomaa ◽  
Mohamed Ouessar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Soil Losses

Soil erosion remains one of the principal environmental problems in arid regions. This study aims to assess and quantify the variability of soil erosion in the Koutine catchment using the RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) model. The Koutine catchment is located in an arid area in southeastern Tunisia and is characterized by an annual mean precipitation of less than 200 mm. The model was used to examine the influence of topography, extreme rainstorm intensity and soil texture on soil loss. The data used for model validation were obtained from field measurements by monitoring deposited sediment in settlement basins of 25 cisterns (a traditional water harvesting and storage technique) over 4 years, from 2015 to 2018. Results showed that slope is the most controlling factor of soil loss. The average annual soil loss in monitoring sites varies between 0.01 and 12.5 t/ha/y. The storm events inducing the largest soil losses occurred in the upstream part of the Koutine catchment with a maximum value of 7.3 t/ha per event. Soil erosion is highly affected by initial and preceding soil conditions. The RUSLE model reasonably reproduced (R2 = 0.81) the spatiotemporal variability of measured soil losses in the study catchment during the observation period. This study revealed the importance of using the cisterns in the data-scarce dry areas as a substitute for the classic soil erosion monitoring fields. Besides, combining modeling of outputs and field measurements could improve our physical understanding of soil erosion processes and their controlling factors in an arid catchment. The study results are beneficial for decision-makers to evaluate the existing soil conservation and water management plans, which can be further adjusted using appropriate soil erosion mitigation options based on scientific evidence.

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