The low levels of bone morphogenic protein-4 and its antagonist noggin in type 2 diabetes

Introduction: Zn supplementation improved glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in diabetic rats, revealing Zn's defensive effect against oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. The investigators have discovered that consuming Zn increased liver function and protected pancreatic tissue from damage caused by diabetes. Since Zn also prevents chronic hyperglycemia, it helps to minimize oxidative stress caused by type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem that affects more than 3 million people worldwide (16% of population). Chronic hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in diabetic patients by the development of free radicals (oxidants) and lowering the antioxidant protection mechanism. Aim: Glycaemic Regulation with Zinc Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: Faculty of Medicine and Diabetic Opd, Datta Meghe Mediсаl Соllege and Shаlinitаi Meghe Hоsрitаl аnd Reseаrсh Сenter, Nаgрur in соllаbоrаtion with Dаttа Meghe Institute оf Mediсаl Sсienсes Deemed to be University, Sаwаngi, Wаrdhа, Mаhаrаshtrа. Results: The mean Zn level was 12.213±2.342in all participants and 9.121±1.782 in the control group, whereas it was significantly low (9.121±1.782) in the diabetic group, and there was statistically significant difference in Zn levels between the controls and the diabetic group (P < 0.001).FBS, HbA1C, serum Zinc mean effects between control and patients showed statistically significant differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus (P <0.0001). Conclusion: Our findings show that people with diabetes have lower levels of Zn than healthy people. The cause and effect of the association between very low levels of Zn and the progression of diabetes, or diabetes that causes Zn deficiency, is still unknown. Low levels of Zn are associated with poor glycemic control, and poor glycemic control is a good indication of Zn deficiency, as there was a negative association between serum Zn and FBS and HBA1C. If diabetic patients have low glycemic regulation, a long history of diabetes, obesity, or are over the age of 50, we look to assess their levels in Zn so that Zn alternative treatment can begin to release oxidative stress in this high-risk group.

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Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Genetic Variants Associated with Risk for Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Taiwanese Population

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10100782 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 782 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Huang ◽

Chen ◽

Liu ◽

Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Cholesteryl Ester ◽

Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein ◽

Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Diabetic Kidney ◽

Transfer Protein ◽

Low Levels

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays an important role in lipid metabolism. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigated CETP gene variants to assess the risk of T2D and specific complications of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic retinopathy. Towards this, a total of 3023 Taiwanese individuals (1383 without T2D, 1640 with T2D) were enrolled in this study. T2D mice (+Leprdb/+Leprdb, db/db) were used to determine CETP expression in tissues. The A-alleles of rs3764261, rs4783961, and rs1800775 variants were found to be independently associated with 2.86, 1.71, and 0.91 mg/dL increase in HDL-C per allele, respectively. In addition, the A-allele of rs4783961 was significantly associated with a reduced T2D risk (odds ratio (OR), 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.71‒0.96)), and the A-allele of rs1800775 was significantly related to a lowered DKD risk (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64‒0.96). CETP expression was significantly decreased in the T2D mice kidney compared to that in the control mice (T2D mice, 0.16 0.01 vs. control mice, 0.21 0.02; p = 0.02). These collective findings indicate that CETP variants in the promoter region may affect HDL-C levels. Taiwanese individuals possessing an allele associated with higher HDL-C levels had a lower risk of T2D and DKD.

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Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes with no progression of diabetes-related complications and low levels of advanced glycation end products

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000016573 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (30) ◽

pp. e16573 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomoka Nakamura ◽

Tetsuro Tsujimoto ◽

Kazuki Yasuda ◽

Daisuke Chujo ◽

Mitsuru Ohsugi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Advanced Glycation End Products ◽

Advanced Glycation ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

End Products ◽

Low Levels

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Low levels of 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol are associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes

Cardiovascular Diabetology ◽

10.1186/1475-2840-13-99 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 99 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Keiichi Torimoto ◽

Yosuke Okada ◽

Hiroko Mori ◽

Yoshiya Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Low Levels

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Testosterone Deficiency, Cardiac Health, and Older Men

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/143763 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. Hackett ◽

M. Kirby ◽

A. J. Sinclair

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Testosterone Replacement ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽

Testosterone Deficiency ◽

Low Testosterone ◽

Low Levels

Low levels of testosterone are manifested by erectile dysfunction, reduced sexual desire, and loss of morning erections with increasing numbers of men are being diagnosed and require treatment. The prevalence rates of testosterone deficiency vary according to different studies but may be as high as 40% in populations of patients with type 2 diabetes. There is increasing evidence that testosterone deficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Screening for low testosterone is recommended in a number of high risk groups including those with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. There are recent data to suggest that testosterone replacement therapy may reduce cardiovascular mortality as well as improving multiple surrogate markers for cardiovascular events. Specific clinical trials of testosterone replacement therapy are needed in selected populations but in the meantime we must treat patients based on the best current evidence.

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