Botanical insecticides effectively control chickpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Beenam Saxena ◽  
R. Z. Sayyed
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Botanical Insecticides

scholarly journals Impact of Environment on Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Response to Acetone Extract of Gnidia kaussiana Meisn (Thymeleaceae) and Ocimum canum Sims (Lamiaceae) Botanical Insecticides

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
D. Kosini ◽  
E. N. Nukenine ◽  
K. H. Tofel ◽  
J. W. Goudoungou ◽  
D. J. Langsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The response of pests to the effects of a botanical insecticide can vary spatially and temporally. To test whether efficacy of botanicals differed spatially, the insecticidal efficacy of Gnidia kaussiana and Ocimum canum against Callosobruchus maculatus was investigated in two different agro-ecological zones of Cameroon, i.e. Maroua and Ngaoundéré (sudano-sahelian and sudano-guinean zones, respectively). Experiments were, therefore, conducted to determine the insect mortality, progeny production, grain damage and weight loss in cowpea. G. kaussiana was more effective against C. maculatus in Maroua (LD50 = 0.12 g/kg at 6th day of exposure) than in Ngaoundéré (LD50 = 4.35 g/kg at 6th day of exposure). Moreover, it was more toxic than O. canum extract and neem seed oil (reference), irrespective to the agro-ecological zones. Overall, the performance of O. canum did not vary significantly between the two zones, and was slightly more active (LD50 = 4.66 g/kg) than the reference insecticide neem seed oil (LD50 = 4.89 g/kg) in Ngaoundéré in contrast to the results recoded in Maroua (LD50 = 1.44 g/kg and 2.60 g/kg, respectively for neem seed oil and O. canum at 6 days post exposure). In view of the above, there were some discrepancies in extract performance between Maroua and Ngaoundéré. Thus, the establishment of dose rates of insecticidal products formulated from G. kaussiana must be specific to an environment in contrast to those from O. canum.

Efficacies of Two Nano-Formulations of Tasmanian Blue Gum Essential Oil to Control Callosobruchus maculatus

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1555-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Ya-Ali ◽  
Fatemeh Yarahmadi ◽  
Mohammad Amin Mehrnia
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Stored Product Pests ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Ovicidal Effects ◽  
Nano Emulsion ◽  
Stability Enhancement ◽  
Blue Gum

Abstract Botanical insecticides, including essential oils (EOs), can be considered as appropriate alternatives to synthetic insecticides for controlling stored product pests. In this study, potential of nano-formulations of the Tasmanian blue gum (TBG) EO to control Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) were evaluated under laboratory condition. Two nano-emulsion formulations of the EO were provided using gum Arabic and Span 80 as surfactants. Contact as well as fumigant toxicities of the formulations to the beetle adults were compared with the bulk EO in 1, 2, and 3 d after treatment. Results showed that all formulations were toxic to the adults. After 1, 2, and 3 d of treatment, the estimated LC50 values in contact and fumigant applications varied from 1.37 to 8.53 ppm and 0.05 to 0.44 ppm for various formulations. Both nano-formulations cause significant stability enhancement of the EO. Moreover, the EO had significant repellent and ovicidal effects on the insect. The insecticidal effects of the EO in nano-formulations were significantly greater than in the bulk form. The EO constituted 22 compounds, from 5 classes. Eucalyptol (43.79%) is the main constituent of the TBG EO.

Side-effects of cowpea treatment with botanical insecticides on two parasitoids of Callosobruchus maculatus

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J. Boeke ◽  
Antonio A.C. Sinzogan ◽  
Raul P. De Almeida ◽  
Paul W.M. De Boer ◽  
Gilsang Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Botanical Insecticides

scholarly journals Fractionated Extracts From Gnidia kraussiana (Malvales: Thymeleaceae) as Bioactive Phytochemicals for Effective Management of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Stored Vigna unguiculata (Fabales: Fabaceae) Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kosini ◽  
E N Nukenine ◽  
G A Agbor ◽  
A T Tchinda ◽  
J P Abdou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Abstract One of the most important global problems is protecting food from insect pests. The negative effects of synthetic insecticides on human health led to a resurgence of interest in botanical insecticides due to their minimal ecological side effects. Therefore, the insecticidal potential of hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts of Gnidia kraussiana Meisn roots at 1 and 5g/kg, and neem seed oil (NSO), used as standard insecticide, were evaluated. Ovicidal and larvicidal toxicity was tested by treating freshly laid eggs and larvae at different immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (L.) Walp seed damage and weight loss were assessed after a storage period of 4 mo. Repellency effects were detected in choice test using a linear olfactometer. All the fractions were toxic to C. maculatus; however, their bioactivities were inversely correlated with products polarity. Extracts proved to be more toxic than the commercial NSO. The acetone extract was more effective against immature stages of C. maculatus than the methanol extract; eggs, first-, and second-instar larvae being the more susceptible. No cowpea seed damage and weight loss were recorded from the seeds treated with hexane and acetone extracts at the dosage of 5 g/kg, after 4 mo of storage. Extracts evoked stronger repellency effects compared with the tested standard insecticide. According to the above, hexane and acetone extracts are good candidates for incorporation in integrated pest management programs for the control of C. maculatus in stored cowpea seeds.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Plant Extracts against Cowpea Bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab): A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shunmugadevi ◽  
S. Anbu Radhika
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Wide Range

The objective of the present review is to know the bioactive compounds of the plant extract against Callosobruchus maculatus. Plants are able to produce a large number of bioactive compounds. Plant extract was found to have a wide range of bioactive compounds like Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Starch, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Triterpenoids, Resins, Saponins, Steroid, Proteins and Tannins. The high concentration of phytochemicals protects against the Callosobruchus maculatus. Recent revelations have shown that synthetic insecticides were found to penetrate into grains and may be toxic. Natural products such as botanical insecticides may provide suitable alternatives. The review obviously designated that plant products have potentials of controlling Callosobruchus maculatus in stored cowpea as they are safe, free of residue and strong biological activities that are eco-friendly and biodegradable.

scholarly journals BIOATIVIDADE DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Croton blanchetianus Baill (Euphorbiaceae) SOBRE Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Nativa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-455
Author(s):  
Antonielson Bezarra da Silva ◽  
Carlos Romero Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Cláudia Helena Cysneiros Matos ◽  
Patryck Érmerson Monteiro dos Santos ◽  
Cilene Rejane Inácio de Magalhães Lira
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Stored Grains ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Petri Dishes

Foi avaliada a toxicidade, por contato, a taxa de oviposição e emergência de C. maculatus em grãos de feijão-caupi tratados com o óleo essencial de Croton blanchetianus e o efeito residual em diferentes períodos de armazenamento, sendo, ainda, determinadas as concentrações letais (CL50 e CL90). O teste de toxicidade por contato e taxas de oviposição e emergência de C. maculatus foi realizado em placas de Petri, utilizando 6 concentrações (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10 e 12.5 μL/20g). No teste residual, os grãos foram submetidos a diferentes períodos de armazenamento (0, 30 e 60 dias). Os resultados mostraram que o óleo essencial de C. blanchetianus apresentou toxicidade por contato sobre C. maculatus. Observou-se que as concentrações letais foram consideradas baixas. Este óleo também reduziu a oviposição e emergência de adultos. Por outro lado, durante diferentes períodos de armazenamento o óleo teve sua ação diminuída, apresentando potencial para ser utilizado em programas de manejo de C. maculatus em feijão armazenado.Palavras-chave: inseticidas botânicos; Bruchinae; grãos armazenados; Vigna unguiculata. BIOACTIVITY OF Croton blanchetianus Baill (Euphorbiaceae) ESSENTIAL OIL ON THE Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius, 1775 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) ABSTRACT: The toxicity was calculated by contact, the oviposition and emergence rate of C. maculatus on cowpea treated with the essential oil of Croton blanchetianus and the residual effect in different periods of storage, and additionally the lethal concentrations (CL50 and CL90) were determined. The contact toxicity test and order to the oviposition and emergence rates of C. maculatus was carried out in Petri dishes, using 6 concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 μL/20g). In the residual test, the cowpeas were submitted to different storage periods (0, 30 and 60 days). The results showed that the C. blanchetianus essential oil showed contact toxicity on the beetle C. maculatus. It was observed that lethal concentrations were considered low. This oil also reduced oviposition and emergence of adults. On the other hand, during different periods of storage the oil's action diminished, presenting potential to be used in management programs of C. maculatus in stored beans.Keywords: botanical insecticides; Bruchinae; stored grains; Vigna unguiculate.

Bioefficacy of enhanced diatomaceous earth and botanical powders on the mortality and progeny production of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in stored grain cereals

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (04) ◽  
pp. 243-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Adarkwah ◽  
Daniel Obeng-Ofori ◽  
Vanessa Hörmann ◽  
Christian Ulrichs ◽  
Matthias Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Acanthoscelides Obtectus ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Plant Powders

Abstract Food losses caused by insects during postharvest storage are of paramount economic importance worldwide, especially in Africa. Laboratory bioassays were conducted in stored grains to determine the toxicity of powders of Eugenia aromatica and Moringa oleifera alone or combined with enhanced diatomaceous earth (Probe-A® DE, 89.0% SiO2 and 5% silica aerogel) to adult Sitophilus granarius, Tribolium castaneum and Acanthoscelides obtectus. Adult mortality was observed up to 7 days, while progeny production was recorded at 6–10 weeks. LD50 and LT50 values for adult test insects exposed to plant powders and DE, showed that A. obtectus was the most susceptible towards the botanicals (LD50 0.179% and 0.088% wt/wt for E. aromatica and M. oleifera, respectively), followed by S. granarius. Tribolium castaneum was most tolerant (LD50 1.42% wt/wt and 1.40% wt/wt for E. aromatica and M. oleifera, respectively). The combined mixture of plant powders and DE controlled the beetles faster compared to the plant powders alone. LT50 ranged from 55.7 h to 62.5 h for T. castaneum exposed to 1.0% M. oleifera and 1.0% DE, and 0.5% E. aromatica and 1.0% DE, respectively. Botanicals caused significant reduction of F1 adults compared to the control. Combined action of botanical insecticides with DE as a grain protectant in an integrated pest management approach is discussed.

Insecticidal Compound from Himatanthus drasticus Latex against Cowpea Infestation by Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francimauro S. Morais ◽  
Kirley M. Canuto ◽  
Paulo R. V. Ribeiro ◽  
Alison B. Silva ◽  
Otilia D. L. Pessoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus

scholarly journals Perforation index assessment of cowpea seeds against cowpea bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae], infestation using Piper guineense

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayode David Ileke ◽  
Jacobs Mobolade Adesina ◽  
Luke Chinaru Nwosu ◽  
Abimbola Olagunju
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Background Powders and extracts of Piper guineense seeds and leaves were assessed for insecticidal activities against Callosobruchus maculatus in the laboratory at temperature and relative humidity of 29.6 °C and 75.9%, respectively. Bioactive compounds in P. guineense leaves and seeds were also investigated. The powders were tested at rates 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds while extracts were tested at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0%. Results Results of contact toxicity assay of the seed powder caused 100% adult mortality at 96 h post-treatment period whereas leaf powder evoked 90% adult mortality within the same period at concentration of 1.0 g/20 g cowpea seeds. Low adult emergence was observed on cowpea seeds treated with 1 g of seed powder with percentage adult emergence of 10.0% and inhibition rate (IR) of 97.5%. Beetle Perforation Index (BPI) obtained from treated cowpea seeds was significantly different (P < 0.05) from BPI of untreated seeds. Extracts of P. guineense seed were more toxic than seed powder. Piper guineense seed extract caused 87.5% adult mortality of C. maculatus while leaf extract caused 70.0% adult mortality within 24 h of infestation at concentration of 1%. Progeny development of C. maculatus was completely inhibited in cowpea treated with 2% and 3% leaf and seed extracts of P. guineense. β-Pinene was the most abundant active compound in P. guineense seed (55.6%) and leaf (48.4%). β-Phellandrene occurred 38.2% in seeds while Ocimene had the least value of 0.2% in seed and 0.5% in leaf. Conclusion The study showed that P. guineense seed powder and extracts were more effective than leaf powder and extract. Utilization of plant products as alternative to synthetic insecticides in protecting cowpea seeds against C. maculatus should be encouraged for enhanced food safety and security. Piper guineense is used as spice and medicine and interestingly safe for human use.

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