Efficacies of Two Nano-Formulations of Tasmanian Blue Gum Essential Oil to Control Callosobruchus maculatus

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 1555-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Ya-Ali ◽  
Fatemeh Yarahmadi ◽  
Mohammad Amin Mehrnia
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Stored Product Pests ◽  
Span 80 ◽  
Ovicidal Effects ◽  
Nano Emulsion ◽  
Stability Enhancement ◽  
Blue Gum

Abstract Botanical insecticides, including essential oils (EOs), can be considered as appropriate alternatives to synthetic insecticides for controlling stored product pests. In this study, potential of nano-formulations of the Tasmanian blue gum (TBG) EO to control Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) were evaluated under laboratory condition. Two nano-emulsion formulations of the EO were provided using gum Arabic and Span 80 as surfactants. Contact as well as fumigant toxicities of the formulations to the beetle adults were compared with the bulk EO in 1, 2, and 3 d after treatment. Results showed that all formulations were toxic to the adults. After 1, 2, and 3 d of treatment, the estimated LC50 values in contact and fumigant applications varied from 1.37 to 8.53 ppm and 0.05 to 0.44 ppm for various formulations. Both nano-formulations cause significant stability enhancement of the EO. Moreover, the EO had significant repellent and ovicidal effects on the insect. The insecticidal effects of the EO in nano-formulations were significantly greater than in the bulk form. The EO constituted 22 compounds, from 5 classes. Eucalyptol (43.79%) is the main constituent of the TBG EO.

scholarly journals Impact of Environment on Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Response to Acetone Extract of Gnidia kaussiana Meisn (Thymeleaceae) and Ocimum canum Sims (Lamiaceae) Botanical Insecticides

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
D. Kosini ◽  
E. N. Nukenine ◽  
K. H. Tofel ◽  
J. W. Goudoungou ◽  
D. J. Langsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Insect Mortality ◽  
Neem Seed Oil ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

The response of pests to the effects of a botanical insecticide can vary spatially and temporally. To test whether efficacy of botanicals differed spatially, the insecticidal efficacy of Gnidia kaussiana and Ocimum canum against Callosobruchus maculatus was investigated in two different agro-ecological zones of Cameroon, i.e. Maroua and Ngaoundéré (sudano-sahelian and sudano-guinean zones, respectively). Experiments were, therefore, conducted to determine the insect mortality, progeny production, grain damage and weight loss in cowpea. G. kaussiana was more effective against C. maculatus in Maroua (LD50 = 0.12 g/kg at 6th day of exposure) than in Ngaoundéré (LD50 = 4.35 g/kg at 6th day of exposure). Moreover, it was more toxic than O. canum extract and neem seed oil (reference), irrespective to the agro-ecological zones. Overall, the performance of O. canum did not vary significantly between the two zones, and was slightly more active (LD50 = 4.66 g/kg) than the reference insecticide neem seed oil (LD50 = 4.89 g/kg) in Ngaoundéré in contrast to the results recoded in Maroua (LD50 = 1.44 g/kg and 2.60 g/kg, respectively for neem seed oil and O. canum at 6 days post exposure). In view of the above, there were some discrepancies in extract performance between Maroua and Ngaoundéré. Thus, the establishment of dose rates of insecticidal products formulated from G. kaussiana must be specific to an environment in contrast to those from O. canum.

Side-effects of cowpea treatment with botanical insecticides on two parasitoids of Callosobruchus maculatus

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J. Boeke ◽  
Antonio A.C. Sinzogan ◽  
Raul P. De Almeida ◽  
Paul W.M. De Boer ◽  
Gilsang Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Botanical Insecticides

scholarly journals Fractionated Extracts From Gnidia kraussiana (Malvales: Thymeleaceae) as Bioactive Phytochemicals for Effective Management of Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Stored Vigna unguiculata (Fabales: Fabaceae) Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kosini ◽  
E N Nukenine ◽  
G A Agbor ◽  
A T Tchinda ◽  
J P Abdou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Abstract One of the most important global problems is protecting food from insect pests. The negative effects of synthetic insecticides on human health led to a resurgence of interest in botanical insecticides due to their minimal ecological side effects. Therefore, the insecticidal potential of hexane, acetone, and methanol extracts of Gnidia kraussiana Meisn roots at 1 and 5g/kg, and neem seed oil (NSO), used as standard insecticide, were evaluated. Ovicidal and larvicidal toxicity was tested by treating freshly laid eggs and larvae at different immature stages of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.). Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) (L.) Walp seed damage and weight loss were assessed after a storage period of 4 mo. Repellency effects were detected in choice test using a linear olfactometer. All the fractions were toxic to C. maculatus; however, their bioactivities were inversely correlated with products polarity. Extracts proved to be more toxic than the commercial NSO. The acetone extract was more effective against immature stages of C. maculatus than the methanol extract; eggs, first-, and second-instar larvae being the more susceptible. No cowpea seed damage and weight loss were recorded from the seeds treated with hexane and acetone extracts at the dosage of 5 g/kg, after 4 mo of storage. Extracts evoked stronger repellency effects compared with the tested standard insecticide. According to the above, hexane and acetone extracts are good candidates for incorporation in integrated pest management programs for the control of C. maculatus in stored cowpea seeds.

scholarly journals Fumigant and Repellent Effects of Essential Oil Fractions of Mentha piperita against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Sunaryo Syam ◽  
Idham Sakti Harahap ◽  
NFN Dadang
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Peppermint Oil ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Stored Product Pests ◽  
Counter Current

Tribolium castaneum<em> is one of the important stored-product pests in tropical countries. Fumigation with phosphine is the most commonly method to control </em>T. castaneum<em>. However, long-term application of phosphine will cause resistance. The aims of this research were to study the effects of fumigant and repellent of peppermint oil </em>Mentha piperita<em> fraction against </em>T. castaneum<em>, and to identify the compounds contained in the active fraction. This research was conducted in Entomology Laboratory Seameo Biotrop and <em>Forensic Laboratory of Indonesian Police Headquarters Jakarta</em>, from January to October 2016. <em>Peppermint oil</em></em> <em>was</em> <em>extracted by</em> <em>distillation from the leaves of M. piperita</em>.<em> Peppermint oil was fractionated by counter-current distribution method using three solvents: n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Then, the three fractions were tested as fumigant and repellent against </em>T. castaneum<em>. The active fraction of essential oils were identified by GC-MS. The n-hexane fraction of peppermint (HFP) was the active fraction caused mortality on larvae and adults of  </em>T. castaneum<em> at 72 hours after fumigation. The LC<sub>95</sub> values for the adults and  larvae was 1.9 % and 9.43 % , respectively. Sublethal concentration of HFP showed inhibitory activity on larvae</em> <em>development. Percentage of pupae transformed from treated larvae was 48.67-74.91 % and percentage of adults emerged was 9.12-16.59 %. The repellent activity of HFP on adults of T. castaneum was 86.7 % at 72 hours after treatment. The dominant compounds of HFP was β-pinene, limonene, isopulegol, menthone, isomenthon, menthol, pulegone, and trans-carane. The HFP or its compounds was potential to be develoved as botanical insecticides.</em>

scholarly journals Effect of Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) leaf extract on cowpea weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus [Fabricius, 1775], Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Samuel Femi BABATUNDE ◽  
Abdulrasak Kannike MUSA
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Cowpea Weevil ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
Blue Gum

<div class="WordSection1"><p>A laboratory study was carried out to examine the efficacy of solvent extract of <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> leaves in reducing post-harvest losses caused by cowpea weevil<em> </em>(<em>Callosobruchus maculatus</em>) on cowpea seed variety RSH 256. 450 g of <em>E. globulus </em>leaf powder were put in 1000 ml flask and 450 ml of n-hexane was used as the solvent. The extract was tested at dosages of 50, 100 and 150 µl 50 g<sup>-1</sup> of cowpea grains on the weevil in stored cowpea. The different rates of treatment recorded significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in causing adult mortality compared to the untreated control. The different rates of treatment also recorded significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in emergence of F1 adults of each treatment compared to the control. The percentage masst loss and grain damage were also suppressed as a result of treatment with the plant material compared to the untreated control. However, among the treatments 150 µl 150 g<sup>-1</sup> cowpea recorded the highest adult mortality rate and lowest emergence while control had the lowest mortality rate and the highest emergence of the insect. The rates of application were indicative of bioactive characteristics of the plant extract.<strong></strong></p></div>

scholarly journals Laboratory Evaluation of Toxic and Repellent Properties of Dracaena arborea Against Sitophilus zeamais and Callosobruchus maculatus

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Ime Okon Udo
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Significant Mortality ◽  
Repellent Action

Laboratory evaluation of ethanolic extract of Dracaena arborea leaves partitioned between equal volumes of chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-hexane and n-butanol to obtain various fractions was carried out to assess contact toxicity on filter paper and by topical application, toxicity of extracts applied on grains and repellent action against Sitophilus zeamais (Mots.) and Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius on stored grains. Insects were exposed to both treated and untreated surfaces and mortality was scored at different times after treatment. Results obtained from the study showed the extract fractions causing significant mortality of both insects exposed to treatments. A contact toxicity of over 80% was recorded against zeamais from ethyl acetate fraction. Similarly, 100% mortality was recorded against C. maculatus from ethyl acetate fraction after 96 h of treatment. Results obtained from grain treatment produced a significant mortality of over 60% against C. maculatus from n-hexane fraction while the aqueous fraction significantly killed S. zeamais by over 15% compared with the control treatment. A strong repellent action was evoked against S. zeamais while moderate action was recorded against C. maculatus. An overall repellency of 40% and 24% was recorded from various extract fractions against S. zeamais and C. maculatus, respectively. The results obtained suggest a promising alternative to synthetic insecticides and the incorporation of arborea into storage pest management system is advised.  

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