scholarly journals External factors that affect the photoplethysmography waveforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Pi ◽  
Isleen Pi ◽  
Wei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Pulse Waveform ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Simple Experiment ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Led Lights

AbstractPhotoplethysmography (PPG) is a simple and inexpensive technology used in many smart devices to monitor cardiovascular health. The PPG sensors use LED lights to penetrate into the bloodstream to detect the different blood volume changes in the tissue through skin contact by sensing the amount of light that hits the sensor. Typically, the data are displayed on a graph and it forms the pulse waveform. The information from the produced pulse waveform can be useful in calculating measurements that help monitor cardiovascular health, such as blood pressure. With many more people beginning to monitor their health status on their smart devices, it is extremely important that the PPG signal is accurate. Designing a simple experiment with standard laboratory equipment and commercial sensors, we wanted to find how external factors influence the results. In this study, it was found that external factors, touch force and temperature, can have a large impact on the resulting waveform, so the effects of those factors need to be considered in order for the information to become more reliable.

scholarly journals Enrichment of Pachytene Spermatocytes and Spermatids from Mouse Testes Using Standard Laboratory Equipment

10.3791/60271 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Da Ros ◽  
Tiina Lehtiniemi ◽  
Opeyemi Olotu ◽  
Oliver Meikar ◽  
Noora Kotaja
Keyword(s):  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Pachytene Spermatocytes

scholarly journals Application of retrotransposon-based Inter-SINE Amplified Polymorphism (ISAP) markers for the differentiation of common poplar genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Reiche ◽  
Anja Koegler ◽  
Kristin Morgenstern ◽  
Marie Brueckner ◽  
Beatrice Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
High Identity ◽  
Poplar Trees ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Simple Sequence

On the basis of retrotransposon-insertion polymorphisms, molecular markers were developed for the identification and differentiation of poplar (<i>Populus</i> spp.) genotypes. For this purpose, short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) in the genome sequence of <i>Populus tremula</i> were identified and assigned to different SINE-families. For families with high copy number and high identity values, primers were derived to amplify Inter- SINE Amplified Polymorphisms (ISAPs) with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The resulting fragments produce genotype-specific fingerprints. This molecular approach utilizes standard laboratory equipment and is therefore easy to use for the verification of plant material. We demonstrate the functionality of three distinct ISAP primer combinations by comparison to ten simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to differentiate 23 poplar genotypes. Already by using a single ISAP primer combination all genotypes can be clearly discriminated. Furthermore, the cluster analysis based on three primer combinations divides clones according to their genetic background into two subclusters (by a bootstrap value of 98). Our results clearly demonstrate the usability of ISAP markers to differentiate genotypes and trace progenies of poplar trees.

scholarly journals Asymmetric depth-filtration - a versatile and scalable approach for isolation and purification of extracellular vesicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliy S. Chernyshev ◽  
Roman N. Chuprov-Netochin ◽  
Ekaterina Tsydenzhapova ◽  
Elena Victorovna Svirshchevskaya ◽  
Rimma A. Poltavtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Depth Filtration ◽  
Exclusion Chromatography

A novel asymmetric depth filtration (DF) approach for isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from biological fluids is presented, and its performance is compared with established methods. The developed workflow is simple, inexpensive, and relatively fast. Compared with ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography, the developed method isolates EVs with higher purity and yield. Only standard laboratory equipment is needed for its implementation, which makes it suitable for low-resource locations. The described implementation of the method is suitable for EV isolation from small biological samples in diagnostic and treatment guidance applications. Following the scale-up routes adopted in the biomanufacturing of therapeutics, which routinely rely on DF as one of the product purification steps, the developed method may be scaled up to harvesting therapeutic EVs from large volumes of growth medium.

scholarly journals Use of the water-swellable polymers (WSP) for wellbore stabilization in intensely fractured rock intervals

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
M.I. Sadykov ◽  
P.A. Blinov ◽  
M.V. Nutskova
Keyword(s):  
Fractured Rocks ◽  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Stability Coefficient ◽  
Complex Effect ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

Current research on the stability of well walls when drilling in fractured rocks and also when drilling inclined sections of the well profile are based on the assessment of the effect of drilling fluid filtrate. The novelty of this work lies in studying the complex effect of a water-swellable polymer on the stability of well wall, on the one hand, and on the controlled loss of circulation on the other. For preparing rock samples, a method was used based on standard laboratory equipment fordrilling fluid properties. The well wall stability tests are performedon a direct shear apparatus.The WSP composition based on alcohol, ether, and surfactant (Polyecanol Flora) showed its efficiency by increasing the stability coefficient with the engagement of less and more internal friction angle.PHPA-based viscoelastic composition showed the best result by increasing the stability coefficient in the hazardous areas by 50-60%.

Template-Based Synthesis of Integrated Carbon Micro- and Nanostructures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia V. Scheibel ◽  
David Lanza ◽  
Michael G. Schrlau
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Carbon Structures ◽  
Nanofluidic Devices ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Carbon Based

This work demonstrates the manufacturing process of micro- and nanofluidic devices consisting of independent, aligned carbon pipes with potential applications as micro- and nanoscale dispensing systems, electrodes, and tools with which to study fundamental micro- and nanofluidics. A low-cost, high-throughput chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process was utilized to deposit carbon within novel silica-based templates. This simple template-based manufacturing process allows the carbon devices to be integrated into millimeter scale silica-based templates without micro- or nanoassembly, facilitating commercialization. Furthermore, the carbon-based devices were designed to readily integrate into standard laboratory equipment, promoting broad utilization. Herein, a repeatable methodology for fabricating multifunctional, carbon-based micro- and nanofluidic devices as well as establishing relationships between parameters at each stage of fabrication and the final geometry, including diameter and wall thickness of the carbon structures, of the device is presented.

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