Screening and genetic studies on resistance to Soil-born Cereal Mosaic Virus (SBWMV) in rye

AbstractDue to several reasons soil-borne viruses such as the furoviruses, i. e., cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) and wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) as well as the bymovirus wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) gained importance in cereal breeding including rye. High yield losses are recorded, today. Since there is no or little resistance to these viruses in modern rye cultivars, an extended screening for resistance was initiated. In addition to earlier screenings, 37 rye genotypes were tested for resistance. Among them, three genotypes were found with persistent resistance to SBCMV. They belong to Secale montanum and S. vavilovii species, i. e., wild types of rye. One accession, PC2243 (S. montanum), was used as a resistance donor for the present genetic study. In F2 generation, it was observed that resistance to SBCMV is independently inherited from WSSMV. The evaluation of the ELISA values pointed to a 3:1 distribution assuming duplicate dominant epistasis. Molecular marker analysis supports this segregation pattern. By composite interval mapping a QTL on chromosome 2R could be detected. It can be assumed that there is a DNA region of about 13 cM on the long arm of chromosome 2R (2RL) harboring SBCMV resistance with the closest markers “C9654_1947” and “isotig11640”. Moreover, genotypes with a yellow seed coat showed practically no infection with SBCMV. Thus, the resistance gene could be linked to the allele an1 determining non expression of anthocyanins. This locus was also mapped earlier on chromosome 2R.

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2090 low linolenic acid flax

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p03-183 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 797-799 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. C. P. Dribnenki ◽

S. F. McEachern ◽

Y. Chen ◽

A. G. Green ◽

K. Y. Rashid

Keyword(s):

Linolenic Acid ◽

Growing Season ◽

Black Soil ◽

High Yield ◽

Yellow Seed ◽

Cultivar Description ◽

Low Linolenic Acid ◽

Low Linolenic ◽

Yellow Seed Coat ◽

Moderately Resistant

2090 was developed by Agricore United. 2090 combines very high oil content with high yield. In the longer growing season Black soil zones of western Canada, the yield of 2090 is similar to 2047 and higher than 1084. In the shorter growing season Black and Grey-wooded soil zones, 2090 is similar yielding to 2047 and 1084. In the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones, the yield of 2090 is higher than 2047 and 1084. It is immune to North American races of rust, is moderately resistant to Fusarium wilt and is moderately resistant to powdery mildew. 2090, 2047 and 1084 are low linolenic acid, yellow seed coat solin cultivars. Key words: Flax, low linolenic acid, cultivar description, solin

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Evaluation of germ plasm for resistant to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV)

JURNAL AGRI-TEK Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Eksakta ◽

10.33319/agtek.v21i1.66 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 6-9

Author(s):

Wuye Ria Andayanie

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Polyclonal Antibody ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Germ Plasm ◽

Polyclonal Antibodies ◽

Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽

High Yield ◽

High Yields

Soybean superior varieties with high yields and are resistant to abiotic stress have been largely released, although some varieties grown in the field are not resistant to SMV. In addition, the opportunity to obtain lines of hope as prospective varieties with high yield and resistance to SMV is very small. The method for evaluating soybean germplasm is based on serological observations of 98 accessions of leaf samples from SMV inoculation with T isolate. The evaluation results of 98 accessions based on visual observations showed 31 genotypes reacting very resistant or healthy to mild resistant category to SMV T isolate with a percentage of symptom severity of 0 −30 %. Among 31 genotypes there are 2 genotypes (PI 200485; M8Grb 44; Mlg 3288) with the category of visually very resistant and resistant, respectively and Mlg 3288 with the category of mild resistant. They have a good agronomic appearance with a weight of 100 seeds (˃10 g) and react negatively with polyclonal antibodies to SMV, except Mlg 3288 reaction is not consistent, despite the weight of 100 seeds (˃ 10 g). Leaf samples from 98 accessions revealed various symptoms of SMV infection in the field. This diversity of symptoms is caused by susceptibility to accession, when infection occurs, and environmental factors. Keywords—: soybean; genotipe; Soybean mosaic virus (SMV); disease severity; polyclonal antibody

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Identification of Tomato Infecting Viruses That Co-Isolate with Nanovesicles Using a Combined Proteomics and Electron-Microscopic Approach

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081922 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1922

Author(s):

Ramila Mammadova ◽

Immacolata Fiume ◽

Ramesh Bokka ◽

Veronika Kralj-Iglič ◽

Darja Božič ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Protein Identification ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Size Exclusion ◽

Tomato Mosaic Virus ◽

High Yield ◽

Plant Resources ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Viral Particles

Plant-derived nanovesicles (NVs) have attracted interest due to their anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidative properties and their efficient uptake by human intestinal epithelial cells. Previously we showed that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit is one of the interesting plant resources from which NVs can be obtained at a high yield. In the course of the isolation of NVs from different batches of tomatoes, using the established differential ultracentrifugation or size-exclusion chromatography methods, we occasionally observed the co-isolation of viral particles. Density gradient ultracentrifugation (gUC), using sucrose or iodixanol gradient materials, turned out to be efficient in the separation of NVs from the viral particles. We applied cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the morphological assessment and LC–MS/MS-based proteomics for the protein identification of the gradient fractions. Cryo-TEM showed that a low-density gUC fraction was enriched in membrane-enclosed NVs, while the high-density fractions were rich in rod-shaped objects. Mass spectrometry–based proteomic analysis identified capsid proteins of tomato brown rugose fruit virus, tomato mosaic virus and tomato mottle mosaic virus. In another batch of tomatoes, we isolated tomato spotted wilt virus, potato virus Y and southern tomato virus in the vesicle sample. Our results show the frequent co-isolation of plant viruses with NVs and the utility of the combination of cryo-TEM, SEM and proteomics in the detection of possible viral contamination.

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Integration and Modularity of Quantitative Trait Locus Effects on Geometric Shape in the Mouse Mandible

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/166.4.1909 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 166 (4) ◽

pp. 1909-1921

Author(s):

Christian Peter Klingenberg ◽

Larry J Leamy ◽

James M Cheverud

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Trait ◽

Parametric Bootstrap ◽

Interval Mapping ◽

Procrustes Analysis ◽

Bootstrap Test ◽

Mandible Shape ◽

Trait Locus ◽

F2 Generation ◽

Analysis Interval ◽

Qtl Effects

Abstract The mouse mandible has long served as a model system for complex morphological structures. Here we use new methodology based on geometric morphometrics to test the hypothesis that the mandible consists of two main modules, the alveolar region and the ascending ramus, and that this modularity is reflected in the effects of quantitative trait loci (QTL). The shape of each mandible was analyzed by the positions of 16 morphological landmarks and these data were analyzed using Procrustes analysis. Interval mapping in the F2 generation from intercrosses of the LG/J and SM/J strains revealed 33 QTL affecting mandible shape. The QTL effects corresponded to a variety of shape changes, but ordination or a parametric bootstrap test of clustering did not reveal any distinct groups of QTL that would affect primarily one module or the other. The correlations of landmark positions between the two modules tended to be lower than the correlations between arbitrary subsets of landmarks, indicating that the modules were relatively independent of each other and confirming the hypothesized location of the boundary between them. While these results are in agreement with the hypothesis of modularity, they also underscore that modularity is a question of the relative degrees to which QTL contribute to different traits, rather than a question of discrete sets of QTL contributing to discrete sets of traits.

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Milestones in research on tobacco mosaic virus

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1999.0403 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 354 (1383) ◽

pp. 521-529 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

B. D. Harrison ◽

T. M. A. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Virus Resistance ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Mosaic Disease ◽

Genetically Engineered ◽

High Yield ◽

Past Century ◽

Avirulence Genes

Beijerinck's (1898) recognition that the cause of tobacco mosaic disease was a novel kind of pathogen became the breakthrough which led eventually to the establishment of virology as a science. Research on this agent, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), has continued to be at the forefront of virology for the past century. After an initial phase, in which numerous biological properties of TMV were discovered, its particles were the first shown to consist of RNA and protein, and X–ray diffraction analysis of their structure was the first of a helical nucleoprotein. In the molecular biological phase of research, TMV RNA was the first plant virus genome to be sequenced completely, its genes were found to be expressed by cotranslational particle disassembly and the use of subgenomic mRNA, and the mechanism of assembly of progeny particles from their separate parts was discovered. Molecular genetical and cell biological techniques were then used to clarify the roles and modes of action of the TMV non–structural proteins: the 126 kDa and 183 kDa replicase components and the 30 kDa cell–to–cell movement protein. Three different TMV genes were found to act as avirulence genes, eliciting hypersensitive responses controlled by specific, but different, plant genes. One of these (the N gene) was the first plant gene controlling virus resistance to be isolated and sequenced. In the biotechnological sphere, TMV has found several applications: as the first source of transgene sequences conferring virus resistance, in vaccines consisting of TMV particles genetically engineered to carry foreign epitopes, and in systems for expressing foreign genes. TMV owes much of its popularity as a research model to the great stability and high yield of its particles. Although modern methods have much decreased the need for such properties, and TMV may have a less dominant role in the future, it continues to occupy a prominent position in both fundamental and applied research.

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Mapping and identification of yellow seed coat color genes in Brassica juncea L.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-25889/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhen Huang ◽

Yang Wang ◽

Hong Lu ◽

Xiang Liu ◽

Lu Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candidate Gene ◽

Brassica Juncea ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Coat Color ◽

Seed Color ◽

Seed Coat Color ◽

Flavonoid Pathway ◽

Yellow Seed ◽

Color Formation ◽

Yellow Seed Coat

Abstract BackgroundYellow seed breeding is an effective method to improve the oil content in rapeseed. Yellow seed coat color formation is influenced by various factors, and no clear mechanisms are known. In this study, Bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) of BC9 population of Wuqi mustard (yellow seed) and Wugong mustard (brown seed) was used to identity the candidate genes controlling the yellow seed color in Brassica juncea L.ResultsYellow seed coat color gene was mapped to chromosome A09, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between brown and yellow bulks enriched in the flavonoid pathway. A significant correlation between the expression of BjF3H and BjTT5 and the content of the seed coat color related indexes was identified. Two intron polymorphism (IP) markers linked to the target gene were developed around BjF3H. Therefore, BjF3H was considered as the candidate gene. The BjF3H coding sequences (CDS) of Wuqi mustard and Wugong mustard are 1071-1077bp, encoding protein of 356-358 amino acids. One amino acid change (254, F/V) was identified in the conserved domain. This mutation site was detected in four Brassica rapa (B. rapa) and six Brassica juncea (B. juncea) lines, but not in Brassica napus (B. napus).ConclusionsThe results indicated BjF3H is a candidate gene that related to yellow seed coat color formation in Brassica juncea and provided a comprehensive understanding of the yellow seed coat color mechanism.

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SELEKSI GALUR DARI POPULASI F4 KEDELAI YANG TAHAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT MOSAIK (Soybean mosaic virus) DAN BERDAYA HASIL TINGGI

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.214152-159 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 152-159

Author(s):

Wuye Ria Andayanie ◽

Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Seed Size ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Soybean Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Disease ◽

High Yield ◽

New Variety ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

Screen House ◽

Selection Of

Soybean lines selection of F4 population resistant to soybean mosaic disease (Soybean mosaic virus) with high yield. The soybean breeding program is usually not purposedly done for resistance to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) but rather for crop yields. The experiment was aimed to obtain soybean lines of F4 population resistant to soybean mosaic disease with high yield. F2-F4 plants that have been inoculated with the T isolate of SMV one week after planting were selected by the pedigree in the screen house. The result indicated eight F4 populations (Wilis x L. Temanggung; Wilis x L. Jombang; Wilis x Pangrango; Wilis x PI 200485; Gepak Kuning x L. Jombang; Gepak Kuning x L. Temanggung; Gepak Kuning x Malabar; Gepak Kuning x PI 200485) produced medium seed size (from 9.84-10.26 g 100/seeds). Gepak Kuning x Mlg 3288 showed more resistant than Gepak Kuning x PI 200485. The seed produced by Gepak Kuning x PI 200485 was 1.97 ton/ha. There were no F4 populations that had higher yield and bigger seed size than Gepak Kuning x PI 200485 even though they were moderately resistant to SMV. Therefore, these lines of Gepak Kuning x Mlg 3288 and Gepak Kuning x PI 200485 might provide exellent sources to develop a new variety that resistant to SMV and of high yield.

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Targeted mutagenesis of BnTT8 homologs controls yellow seed coat development for effective oil production in Brassica napus L.

Plant Biotechnology Journal ◽

10.1111/pbi.13281 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 1153-1168 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yungu Zhai ◽

Kaidi Yu ◽

Shengli Cai ◽

Limin Hu ◽

Olalekan Amoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Seed Coat ◽

Oil Production ◽

Targeted Mutagenesis ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Yellow Seed ◽

Yellow Seed Coat

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Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.3762/bjnano.7.54 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 613-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Claudia Koch ◽

Fabian J Eber ◽

Carlos Azucena ◽

Alexander Förste ◽

Stefan Walheim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Mosaic Disease ◽

Inorganic Materials ◽

High Yield ◽

External Control ◽

Immobilization Of Enzymes

The rod-shaped nanoparticles of the widespread plant pathogentobacco mosaic virus(TMV) have been a matter of intense debates and cutting-edge research for more than a hundred years. During the late 19th century, their behavior in filtration tests applied to the agent causing the 'plant mosaic disease' eventually led to the discrimination of viruses from bacteria. Thereafter, they promoted the development of biophysical cornerstone techniques such as electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation. Since the 1950s, the robust, helically arranged nucleoprotein complexes consisting of a single RNA and more than 2100 identical coat protein subunits have enabled molecular studies which have pioneered the understanding of viral replication and self-assembly, and elucidated major aspects of virus–host interplay, which can lead to agronomically relevant diseases. However, during the last decades, TMV has acquired a new reputation as a well-defined high-yield nanotemplate with multivalent protein surfaces, allowing for an ordered high-density presentation of multiple active molecules or synthetic compounds. Amino acid side chains exposed on the viral coat may be tailored genetically or biochemically to meet the demands for selective conjugation reactions, or to directly engineer novel functionality on TMV-derived nanosticks. The natural TMV size (length: 300 nm) in combination with functional ligands such as peptides, enzymes, dyes, drugs or inorganic materials is advantageous for applications ranging from biomedical imaging and therapy approaches over surface enlargement of battery electrodes to the immobilization of enzymes. TMV building blocks are also amenable to external control of in vitro assembly and re-organization into technically expedient new shapes or arrays, which bears a unique potential for the development of 'smart' functional 3D structures. Among those, materials designed for enzyme-based biodetection layouts, which are routinely applied, e.g., for monitoring blood sugar concentrations, might profit particularly from the presence of TMV rods: Their surfaces were recently shown to stabilize enzymatic activities upon repeated consecutive uses and over several weeks. This review gives the reader a ride through strikingly diverse achievements obtained with TMV-based particles, compares them to the progress with related viruses, and focuses on latest results revealing special advantages for enzyme-based biosensing formats, which might be of high interest for diagnostics employing 'systems-on-a-chip'.

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