scholarly journals Profiles of teacher–child interaction quality in groups of 3-year-old children in Quebec and France

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maude Roy-Vallières ◽  
Nathalie Bigras ◽  
Annie Charron ◽  
Caroline Bouchard ◽  
Andréanne Gagné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Interaction Quality ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Quality Profile ◽  
Medium Quality

AbstractTheory and studies support that educational quality may differ according to socio-political context even in states with similar cultures. Based on a secondary analysis of data, this study aims at identifying latent profiles of adult–child interaction quality in groups of three-year-old children in Quebec’s (Canada) early childhood centers and France’s kindergarten classrooms using the CLASS Pre-K. This study also aims to explore existing associations between identified profiles, socio-political contexts, and structural characteristics (staff qualifications, ages, group size). Latent profile analyses showed four interaction quality profiles, namely a high-quality profile (HQ), a medium–high-quality profile (MHQ), a medium quality profile (MQ), and a medium–low-quality profile (MLQ). The scores of the three CLASS Pre-K domains associated with identified profiles show a higher average interaction quality in Quebec compared with France, suggesting a more favorable sociocultural context for interaction quality in Quebec. As for characteristics of structural quality, analyses suggest that the group size variable is significantly associated with scores of interaction quality, with the HQ and the MHQ profiles showing a significantly lower group size than the MQ and MLQ profiles. Age is also significantly associated with profiles, exhibiting a general trend of younger participants found in higher quality profiles. Courses of action to enhance French policies are discussed.

scholarly journals Controllable modulation of precursor reactivity using chemical additives for systematic synthesis of high-quality quantum dots

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonhyuck Park ◽  
Arun Jayaraman ◽  
Alex W. Schrader ◽  
Gyu Weon Hwang ◽  
Hee-Sun Han
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Precursor Chemistry ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Surface Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Two Parameters

AbstractThe optical and electronic performance of quantum dots (QDs) are affected by their size distribution and structural quality. Although the synthetic strategies for size control are well established and widely applicable to various QD systems, the structural characteristics of QDs, such as morphology and crystallinity, are tuned mostly by trial and error in a material-specific manner. Here, we show that reaction temperature and precursor reactivity, the two parameters governing the surface-reaction kinetics during growth, govern the structural quality of QDs. For conventional precursors, their reactivity is determined by their chemical structure. Therefore, a variation of precursor reactivity requires the synthesis of different precursor molecules. As a result, existing precursor selections often have significant gaps in reactivity or require synthesis of precursor libraries comprising a large number of variants. We designed a sulfur precursor employing a boron-sulfur bond, which enables controllable modulation of their reactivity using commercially available Lewis bases. This precursor chemistry allows systematic optimization of the reaction temperature and precursor reactivity using a single precursor and grows high-quality QDs from cores of various sizes and materials. This work provides critical insights into the nanoparticle growth process and precursor designs, enabling the systematic preparation of high-quality QD of any sizes and materials.

scholarly journals Limited not lazy: a quasi-experimental secondary analysis of evidence quality evaluations by those who hold implausible beliefs

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy A. Martire ◽  
Bethany Growns ◽  
Agnes S. Bali ◽  
Bronte Montgomery-Farrer ◽  
Stephanie Summersby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
High Quality Evidence ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Evidence Quality ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Quality Evidence

AbstractPast research suggests that an uncritical or ‘lazy’ style of evaluating evidence may play a role in the development and maintenance of implausible beliefs. We examine this possibility by using a quasi-experimental design to compare how low- and high-quality evidence is evaluated by those who do and do not endorse implausible claims. Seven studies conducted during 2019–2020 provided the data for this analysis (N = 746). Each of the seven primary studies presented participants with high- and/or low-quality evidence and measured implausible claim endorsement and evaluations of evidence persuasiveness (via credibility, value, and/or weight). A linear mixed-effect model was used to predict persuasiveness from the interaction between implausible claim endorsement and evidence quality. Our results showed that endorsers were significantly more persuaded by the evidence than non-endorsers, but both groups were significantly more persuaded by high-quality than low-quality evidence. The interaction between endorsement and evidence quality was not significant. These results suggest that the formation and maintenance of implausible beliefs by endorsers may result from less critical evidence evaluations rather than a failure to analyse. This is consistent with a limited rather than a lazy approach and suggests that interventions to develop analytical skill may be useful for minimising the effects of implausible claims.

Aspects of adult-child communication: the problem of question acquisition

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svenka Savić
Keyword(s):  
Adult Child ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Early Acquisition ◽  
Children First

This note attempts to clarify the early acquisition of the interrogative system, with data from Serbo-Croatian. The subject is approached from an angle that has hitherto not received sufficient treatment: adult-child interaction in direct communication. The process of question acquisition was observed in a first-born pair of dizygotic twins – a girl, Jasmina, and a boy, Danko – between I; I and 3; 0, the observation beginning a month prior to the time when the children first began to produce questions. The material was transcribed during weekly two-hour sessions in the home of the subjects.

scholarly journals "Pedagogy of Listening" vs. "Pedagogy of Listening to Educators": Ethnographic Research on Child Autonomy in Kindergartens in Montenegro

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-597
Author(s):  
Jovana Marojević ◽  
Katarina Todorović ◽  
Saša Milić
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Constructivist Theory ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Personal Epistemologies ◽  
Child Autonomy ◽  
Motivational Style

The paper discusses the phenomenon of child autonomy from the perspective of educators' personal epistemologies and power relations in the adult-child interaction in the practices of institutional education in Montenegro. The construct of child autonomy is approached from the standpoint of critical-constructivist theory and the self- -determination theory, as a socio-cultural product shaped by ethnopedagogies and personal epistemologies of educators. The main goal of the ethnographic study conducted in three preschool educational institutions in Montenegro was to explore the epistemological theories of educators through the analysis of institutional educational practices, given that "the ways of thinking about childhood fuse with institutionalized practices" (Prout & James, 2005, p. 22). We conclude about the existence of an objectivist epistemological theory of educators and the dominance of normative power relations in educator-child interactions, and discuss a special type of epistemological "over-power". The comparability with the results of similar research in the region is stated, and it points to a possible explanatory connection between collectivist culture and the controlling motivational style and authoritarianism in education.

High-Quality AlGaN/GaN Grown on Sapphire by Gas-Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy using a Thin Low-Temperature AlN Layer

1999 ◽  
Vol 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Jurkovic ◽  
L.K. Li ◽  
B. Turk ◽  
W. I. Wang ◽  
S. Syed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Gas Source ◽  
Background Doping ◽  
Shubnikov De Haas Oscillations

AbstractGrowth of high-quality AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on sapphire by ammonia gassource molecular beam epitaxy is reported. Incorporation of a thin AlN layer grown at low temperature within the GaN buffer is shown to result in enhanced electrical and structural characteristics for subsequently grown heterostructures. AlGaN/GaN structures exhibiting reduced background doping and enhanced Hall mobilities (2100, 10310 and 12200 cm2/Vs with carrier sheet densities of 6.1 × 1012 cm−2, 6.0 × 1012 cm−2, and 5.8 × 1012 cm−2 at 300 K, 77 K, and 0.3 K, respectively) correlate with dislocation filtering in the thin AlN layer. Magnetotransport measurements at 0.3 K reveal well-resolved Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations starting at 3 T.

scholarly journals Direct Epitaxial Nanometer-Thin InN of High Structural Quality on 4H-SiC by Atomic Layer Deposition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Wei Hsu ◽  
Petro Deminskyi ◽  
Ivan Martinovic ◽  
Ivan G. Ivanov ◽  
Justinas Palisaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Indium Nitride ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
High Electron ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Layer Deposition

<div>Indium nitride (InN) is a highly promising material for high frequency electronics given its</div><div>low band gap and high electron mobility. The development of InN-based devices is hampered</div><div>by the limitations in depositing very thin InN films of high quality. We demonstrate growth of</div><div>high-structural-quality nanometer thin InN films on 4H-SiC by atomic layer deposition (ALD).</div><div>High resolution X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy show epitaxial growth</div><div>and an atomically sharp interface between InN and 4H-SiC. The InN film is fully relaxed already after a few atomic layers and shows a very smooth morphology where the low surface</div><div>roughness (0.14 nm) is found to reproduced sub-nanometer surface features of the substrate. Raman measurements show an asymmetric broadening caused by grains in the InN film. Our results show the potential of ALD to prepare high quality nanometer-thin InN films for subsequent formation of heterojunctions.</div>

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