scholarly journals Revealing spatiotemporal transmission patterns and stages of COVID-19 in China using individual patients’ trajectory data

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Tianhua Lu ◽  
Yunzhe Liu ◽  
Xiaowei Gao ◽  
Xianghui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
The City ◽  
Spatiotemporal Transmission

AbstractGauging viral transmission through human mobility in order to contain the COVID-19 pandemic has been a hot topic in academic studies and evidence-based policy-making. Although it is widely accepted that there is a strong positive correlation between the transmission of the coronavirus and the mobility of the general public, there are limitations to existing studies on this topic. For example, using digital proxies of mobile devices/apps may only partially reflect the movement of individuals; using the mobility of the general public and not COVID-19 patients in particular, or only using places where patients were diagnosed to study the spread of the virus may not be accurate; existing studies have focused on either the regional or national spread of COVID-19, and not the spread at the city level; and there are no systematic approaches for understanding the stages of transmission to facilitate the policy-making to contain the spread.To address these issues, we have developed a new methodological framework for COVID-19 transmission analysis based upon individual patients’ trajectory data. By using innovative space–time analytics, this framework reveals the spatiotemporal patterns of patients’ mobility and the transmission stages of COVID-19 from Wuhan to the rest of China at finer spatial and temporal scales. It can improve our understanding of the interaction of mobility and transmission, identifying the risk of spreading in small and medium-sized cities that have been neglected in existing studies. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed framework and its policy implications to contain the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Changes in mobility and socioeconomic conditions during the COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Dueñas ◽  
Mercedes Campi ◽  
Luis E. Olmos
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The City

AbstractSince the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, governments have been implementing containment measures aimed at mitigating the spread of the virus, including restrictions to human mobility. The ability to adapt to the pandemic and respond to containment measures can be bound by socioeconomic conditions, which are heterogeneous in large urban areas of low-income and middle-income countries. In this paper, we analyse mobility changes following the implementation of containment measures in Bogotá, Colombia. We characterise the mobility network before and during the pandemic and analyse its evolution and changes between January and July 2020. We observe a general reduction in mobility trends, but the overall connectivity between different areas of the city remains after the lockdown, reflecting the resilience of the mobility network. Then, we estimate a gravity model to assess the effect of socioeconomic conditions on mobility flows. We find that the responses to lockdown policies depend on the socioeconomic conditions of the population. Before the pandemic, the population with better socioeconomic conditions shows higher mobility flows. Since the lockdown, mobility presents a general decrease, but the population with worse socioeconomic conditions shows lower reductions in mobility flows. We conclude by deriving policy implications.

scholarly journals Analysing human population movement data for malaria control and elimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta Tam ◽  
Benjamin J. Cowling ◽  
Richard J. Maude
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Human Population Movement

Abstract Background Human population movement poses a major obstacle to malaria control and elimination. With recent technological advances, a wide variety of data sources and analytical methods have been used to quantify human population movement (HPM) relevant to control and elimination of malaria. Methods The relevant literature and selected studies that had policy implications that could help to design or target malaria control and elimination interventions were reviewed. These studies were categorized according to spatiotemporal scales of human mobility and the main method of analysis. Results Evidence gaps exist for tracking routine cross-border HPM and HPM at a regional scale. Few studies accounted for seasonality. Out of twenty included studies, two studies which tracked daily neighbourhood HPM used descriptive analyses as the main method, while the remaining studies used statistical analyses or mathematical modelling. Conclusion Although studies quantified varying types of human population movement covering different spatial and temporal scales, methodological gaps remain that warrant further studies related to malaria control and elimination.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of co-circulating dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses in Fortaleza, Brazil: 2011–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0008760
Author(s):  
Lilit Kazazian ◽  
Antonio S. Lima Neto ◽  
Geziel S. Sousa ◽  
Osmar José do Nascimento ◽  
Marcia C. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
The City ◽  
Spatiotemporal Transmission ◽  
Neighborhood Level ◽  
Time Scan

The mosquito-borne viruses dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV), now co-endemic in the Americas, pose growing threats to health worldwide. However, it remains unclear whether there exist interactions between these viruses that could shape their epidemiology. This study advances knowledge by assessing the transmission dynamics of co-circulating DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. Spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV were analyzed using georeferenced data on over 210,000 reported cases from 2011 to 2017 in Fortaleza, Brazil. Local spatial clustering tests and space-time scan statistics were used to compare transmission dynamics across all years. The transmission of co-circulating viruses in 2016 and 2017 was evaluated at fine spatial and temporal scales using a measure of spatiotemporal dependence, the τ-statistic. Results revealed differences in the diffusion of CHIKV compared to previous DENV epidemics and spatially distinct transmission of DENV/ZIKV and CHIKV during the period of their co-circulation. Significant spatial clustering of viruses of the same type was observed within 14-day time intervals at distances of up to 6.8 km (p<0.05). These results suggest that arbovirus risk is not uniformly distributed within cities during co-circulation. Findings may guide outbreak preparedness and response efforts by highlighting the clustered nature of transmission of co-circulating arboviruses at the neighborhood level. The potential for competitive interactions between the arboviruses should be further investigated.

What Makes a City Bikeable? A Study of Intercity and Intracity Patterns of Bicycle Ridership using Mobike Big Data Records

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Ying Long ◽  
Jianting Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Rating System ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Usage Frequency ◽  
Share Data ◽  
The City

This paper examines how mass ridership data can help describe cities from the bikers' perspective. We explore the possibility of using the data to reveal general bikeability patterns in 202 major Chinese cities. This process is conducted by constructing a bikeability rating system, the Mobike Riding Index (MRI), to measure bikeability in terms of usage frequency and the built environment. We first investigated mass ridership data and relevant supporting data; we then established the MRI framework and calculated MRI scores accordingly. This study finds that people tend to ride shared bikes at speeds close to 10 km/h for an average distance of 2 km roughly three times a day. The MRI results show that at the street level, the weekday and weekend MRI distributions are analogous, with an average score of 49.8 (range 0–100). At the township level, high-scoring townships are those close to the city centre; at the city level, the MRI is unevenly distributed, with high-MRI cities along the southern coastline or in the middle inland area. These patterns have policy implications for urban planners and policy-makers. This is the first and largest-scale study to incorporate mobile bike-share data into bikeability measurements, thus laying the groundwork for further research.

scholarly journals How to Effectively Control Energy Consumption Growth in China’s 29 Provinces: A Paradigm of Multi-Regional Analysis Based on EAALMDI Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1093
Author(s):  
Yunlong Zhao ◽  
Geng Kong ◽  
Chin Hao Chong ◽  
Linwei Ma ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Consumption Growth ◽  
High Resolution Analysis ◽  
Resolution Analysis ◽  
Consumption Control

Controlling energy consumption to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has become a global consensus in response to the challenge of climate change. Most studies have focused on energy consumption control in a single region; however, high-resolution analysis of energy consumption and personalized energy policy-making, for multiple regions with differentiated development, have become a complicated challenge. Using the logarithmic mean Divisia index I (LMDI) decomposition method based on energy allocation analysis (EAA), this paper aims to establish a standard paradigm for a high-resolution analysis of multi-regional energy consumption and provide suggestions for energy policy-making, taking 29 provinces of China as the sample. The process involved three steps: (1) determination of regional priorities of energy consumption control by EAA, (2) revealing regional disparity among the driving forces of energy consumption growth by LMDI, and (3) deriving policy implications by comparing the obtained results with existing policies. The results indicated that 29 provinces can be divided into four groups, with different priorities of energy consumption control according to the patterns of coal flows. Most provinces have increasing levels of energy consumption, driven by increasing per capita GDP and improving living standards, while its growth is restrained by decreasing end-use energy intensity, improving energy supply efficiency, and optimization of industrial structures. However, some provinces are not following these trends to the same degree. This indicates that policy-makers must pay more attention to the different driving mechanisms of energy consumption growth among provinces.

‘Seeing like a city’, or ‘seeing like a state’ in a city? Paris, capital of femonationalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 239965442110025
Author(s):  
Claire Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Politics ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Municipal Policy ◽  
City Life ◽  
Women In Decision Making ◽  
The City

This paper questions the ‘seeing like a city’ vs. ‘seeing like a state’ opposition through a detailed discussion of urban politics in the city of Paris, France, a prime example of the ways in which the national remains a driving dimension of city life. This claim is examined by a consideration of the shortcomings of Paris’s recent and timid commitment local democracy, lacking recognition of the diversity of its citizens, and the ways in which the inclusion of more women in decision-making arenas has failed to advance the ‘feminization of politics’. A common factor in these defining features of the Hidalgo administration seems to be the prevalence of ‘femonationalism’ and its influence over municipal policy-making.

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