An automated flow-reversal injection/liquid—liquid extraction approach to the direct determination of total free fatty acids in olive oils

1996 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng-liang Zhi ◽  
Angel Ríos ◽  
Miguel Valcárcel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Flow Reversal ◽  
Olive Oils ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction

Partition of Free Fatty Acids in Deacidification of Macaúba Pulp Oil by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Using Ethanol/Water as Solvent

2011 ◽  
Vol 312-315 ◽  
pp. 554-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Gomes Brito Mariano ◽  
Carolina Moura Da Silva ◽  
Sonia Couri ◽  
Regina Isabel Nogueira ◽  
Suely Pereira Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Acid Oil ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Acid Acid

Free fatty acids (FFA) is one of the most frequently determined quality indices in fats and oils industry because it has the economic impacts on production [1]. The FFA in macaúba pulp oil is usually very high (10 to 40%) due to enzymatic activity in the raw material [2]. In this case, alkali neutralization is not economically recommended due to neutral oil loss by occlusion in soapstock. The differential solubility of fatty acids and triacylglycerides (TAG) in various organic solvents has formed the basis of several processes for deacidification of crude oils by liquid–liquid extraction [3]. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of raw oil acidity, ethanol/water ratio, water content in ethanol and temperature extraction on partition coefficients of FFA during macaúba oil deacidification. The macaúba crude oil presented high acid index, about 86  1.2 mg KOH/g. The extraction data for the system macaúba oil + free fatty acids + ethanol + water was determined for oil:solvent mass ratios 1:1. Alcoholic solutions containing 2 to 10 % (w/w) of water were used to FFA extraction and the partition coefficients were determined after 24 hours at room temperature (293 K). The phase’s separation was observed for water content in the mixture above 4%. After solvent evaporation, the FFA in oil phase was evaluated by AOCS standard method. Regarding the high acid oil, the single stage liquid-liquid extraction reduced the FFA in macaúba pulp oil in about 23 % while the three batch stages reduced up to 60%. At the selected parameters (ethanol 94oGL, solvent/substrate ratio = 2), the partition coefficients in the firs stage to FFA (KFFA) were 30.45, 12.00 and 1.95, respectively to high acid, acid and low acid macaúba oils and the partition coefficients to TAG (KTAG) were 7.07, 0.04 and 0.02, respectively to high acid, acid and low acid macaúba oils. These results show the potential of ethanol to vegetable oil deacidification. Besides reduced generation of environmental pollutants, this new approach could also lead to reduction in oil losses, especially for low acid oil.

Determination of free fatty acids in olive oils by UPHLC–MS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1031 ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikh M. Wabaidur ◽  
Ahmad AlAmmari ◽  
Ahmad Aqel ◽  
Saad A. AL-Tamrah ◽  
Zeid Abdullah Alothman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Olive Oils

scholarly journals PHASE EQUILIBRIA STUDY OF SYSTEMS COMPOSED OF MACAUBA PULP OIL (Acrocomia aculeata), FREE FATTY ACIDS, AND HYDROUS ETHANOL AT 25ºC

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 0986-0994
Author(s):  
Daniel Bastos de Rezende ◽  
Maria Helena Caño de Andrade ◽  
Vânya Márcia Duarte Pasa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Hydrous Ethanol

The deacidification of vegetable oil by liquid-liquid extraction is based on the difference in solubility of the free fatty acids and triacylglycerols in the solvent. In the present study, the determination of the ternary phase diagram of the liquid-liquid equilibrium for a pseudo-ternary mixture of solvent (ethanol and water), neutral oil (triacylglycerols) and free fatty acids was performed. It is important to highlight that the macauba pulp oil sample used did not pass through any kind of treatment such as degumming or neutralization. Therefore, the free fatty acids in the sample are resulted from natural degradation of the macauba oil. Despite of that, the results were similar to those found in other studies with purified macauba oil or other sources of triacylglycerols with the addition of oleic acid. The experimental data were correlated by NRTL model and the global deviation between experimental and calculated concentrations was 2.74%.

Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Neutral Lipids and Free Fatty Acids from Microalgae Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 3391-3399
Author(s):  
Tamires Teixeira Barcelos ◽  
Marcio Martins ◽  
Rita Sousa ◽  
Jane Selia dos Reis Coimbra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Microalgae Oil

scholarly journals EKSTRAKSI ASAM LEMAK BEBAS DARI MINYAK NABATI DENGAN METANOL KAJIAN PERPINDAHAN MASSA

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih ◽  
Moh Endy Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction

Wahyuningsih, Moh Endy Yulianto, in this paper explain that extraction of free fatty acids from vegetable oils with methanol performed in batch stirred tank, in a variety of conditions. Variables experiments in liquid-liquid extraction including temperature, solvent ratio and rotational speed stirrer. This study aims to develop a correlation coefficient of mass transfer in extraction of free fatty acids from vegetable oils methanol. Rresearch was conducted in two phases. Was the first stage liquid-liquid extraction experiments in laboratory. Second step is the development of an empirical correlation for the mass transfer coefficients in the form of numbers not berdemensi results showed that the greater the temperature, turn the mixer speed and solvent-feed ratio of the mass transfer koffisien gained greater. Mass transfer coefficient expressed in Sherwood number and correlated against the Reynolds number, Schmitd, (dP / dT) and (L / S), the results obtained: Sh = 4,669 x 10-5 Re 0,462 Sc0,5 (dP/dT)0,308 (L/S)0,187 If used to calculate the mass transfer coefficients, have an average error of 8.79% for the regression line. This equation was developed in the Re number range 3169 to 11 750; numbers Sc 6321 to 9896, (dp / dT) from 0.0007 to 0.0013 and (L / S) of 0.333 to 1. Keywords: nabati oil extraction

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