Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Neutral Lipids and Free Fatty Acids from Microalgae Oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 3391-3399
Author(s):  
Tamires Teixeira Barcelos ◽  
Marcio Martins ◽  
Rita Sousa ◽  
Jane Selia dos Reis Coimbra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Microalgae Oil

Partition of Free Fatty Acids in Deacidification of Macaúba Pulp Oil by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Using Ethanol/Water as Solvent

2011 ◽  
Vol 312-315 ◽  
pp. 554-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Gomes Brito Mariano ◽  
Carolina Moura Da Silva ◽  
Sonia Couri ◽  
Regina Isabel Nogueira ◽  
Suely Pereira Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Acid Oil ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Acid Acid

Free fatty acids (FFA) is one of the most frequently determined quality indices in fats and oils industry because it has the economic impacts on production [1]. The FFA in macaúba pulp oil is usually very high (10 to 40%) due to enzymatic activity in the raw material [2]. In this case, alkali neutralization is not economically recommended due to neutral oil loss by occlusion in soapstock. The differential solubility of fatty acids and triacylglycerides (TAG) in various organic solvents has formed the basis of several processes for deacidification of crude oils by liquid–liquid extraction [3]. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of raw oil acidity, ethanol/water ratio, water content in ethanol and temperature extraction on partition coefficients of FFA during macaúba oil deacidification. The macaúba crude oil presented high acid index, about 86  1.2 mg KOH/g. The extraction data for the system macaúba oil + free fatty acids + ethanol + water was determined for oil:solvent mass ratios 1:1. Alcoholic solutions containing 2 to 10 % (w/w) of water were used to FFA extraction and the partition coefficients were determined after 24 hours at room temperature (293 K). The phase’s separation was observed for water content in the mixture above 4%. After solvent evaporation, the FFA in oil phase was evaluated by AOCS standard method. Regarding the high acid oil, the single stage liquid-liquid extraction reduced the FFA in macaúba pulp oil in about 23 % while the three batch stages reduced up to 60%. At the selected parameters (ethanol 94oGL, solvent/substrate ratio = 2), the partition coefficients in the firs stage to FFA (KFFA) were 30.45, 12.00 and 1.95, respectively to high acid, acid and low acid macaúba oils and the partition coefficients to TAG (KTAG) were 7.07, 0.04 and 0.02, respectively to high acid, acid and low acid macaúba oils. These results show the potential of ethanol to vegetable oil deacidification. Besides reduced generation of environmental pollutants, this new approach could also lead to reduction in oil losses, especially for low acid oil.

scholarly journals EKSTRAKSI ASAM LEMAK BEBAS DARI MINYAK NABATI DENGAN METANOL KAJIAN PERPINDAHAN MASSA

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih ◽  
Moh Endy Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Number Range ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction

Wahyuningsih, Moh Endy Yulianto, in this paper explain that extraction of free fatty acids from vegetable oils with methanol performed in batch stirred tank, in a variety of conditions. Variables experiments in liquid-liquid extraction including temperature, solvent ratio and rotational speed stirrer. This study aims to develop a correlation coefficient of mass transfer in extraction of free fatty acids from vegetable oils methanol. Rresearch was conducted in two phases. Was the first stage liquid-liquid extraction experiments in laboratory. Second step is the development of an empirical correlation for the mass transfer coefficients in the form of numbers not berdemensi results showed that the greater the temperature, turn the mixer speed and solvent-feed ratio of the mass transfer koffisien gained greater. Mass transfer coefficient expressed in Sherwood number and correlated against the Reynolds number, Schmitd, (dP / dT) and (L / S), the results obtained: Sh = 4,669 x 10-5 Re 0,462 Sc0,5 (dP/dT)0,308 (L/S)0,187 If used to calculate the mass transfer coefficients, have an average error of 8.79% for the regression line. This equation was developed in the Re number range 3169 to 11 750; numbers Sc 6321 to 9896, (dp / dT) from 0.0007 to 0.0013 and (L / S) of 0.333 to 1. Keywords: nabati oil extraction

Liquid–liquid extraction of thorium(IV) by fatty acids: a comparative study

2013 ◽  
Vol 299 (3) ◽  
pp. 1191-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Amine Didi ◽  
Didier Villemin ◽  
Omar Abderrahim ◽  
Abdelkrim Azzouz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction

Chemical Alterations in Fish Tissue During Storage at Low Temperatures

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 904-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garnett Wood ◽  
Lane Hintz ◽  
Harold Salwin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Polyunsaturated Acids

Abstract Chemical changes that occur in the proteins, nucleotides, and lipids of fish tissue during storage at low temperatures were investigated. Homogenized tissue, prepared from fresh rock-fish (striped hass, Roccus species), was stored up to six days at temperatures from -10° to 4°C and then analyzed. At 0°C and below, the solubility of myofibrillar proteins decreased. There were also changes in polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of protein extracts. The total nucleotide content decreased rapidly at all temperatures. The lipids were extracted from each sample and separated into neutral lipids, phospholipids, and free fatty acids by column chromatography. The fatty acid composition of each fraction was determined by gas chromatography. In the fresh tissue, polyunsaturated acids occurred in greatest proportion in the free fatty acid and phospholipid fractions, whereas inono-unsaturated acids were inofe highly concentrated in the neutral lipids. The percentages of saturated acids were approximately the same in all fractions. During storage, there were considerably larger losses of individual acids from phospholipids than from neutral lipids. The polyunsaturated acids of the phospholipid fraction were affected most. Over 10% of these aeids were lost in six days at ice temperature, but only a small proportion of the losses was accounted for by increases in free fatty acids. Oxidative proo esses may account for the imbalance because the rate of oxidation, as measured by the thio-barbituric acid test, increased with storage temperature in the same manner as the rale at which unsaturated fatty acids were lost from the pliospliolipuls. Losses of polyunsaturated acids from the neutral lipids were much smaller, suggesting a selectively protective mechanism or environment in that fraction. The changes in the phospholipid fatty acids may provide the basis for useful objective tests of fish lecomposilion.

scholarly journals Identification and Quantification of Fatty Acids in T. viridissima, C. biguttulus, and C. brunneus by GC-MS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Wathne ◽  
Hanne Devle ◽  
Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen ◽  
Dag Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Chorthippus Biguttulus

Fatty acid (FA) profiles of the species Tettigonia viridissima, Chorthippus biguttulus, and Chorthippus brunneus were determined and quantitated. Extracted lipids were derivatized into FA methyl esters (FAMEs) prior to analysis by GC-MS. A total of 37 different FAs were identified in T. viridissima, yielding a total FA content of 10.4 g/100 g of dry matter. The contents of saturated FAs, monounsaturated FAs, and polyunsaturated FAs were 31.1, 35.9, and 33.0%, respectively. Lipids from T. viridissima were also fractioned into neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and polar lipids by offline solid phase extraction. For C. brunneus and C. biguttulus, 33 FAs were identified, yielding a total FA content of 6.14 g/100 g of dry matter. SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs, respectively, constituted 32.7, 25.1, and 42.1% of the total FA content. The contents of MUFAs, PUFAs, n-3 FAs, and n-6 FAs of each species, and the n-6/n-3 ratio, were subsequently discussed.

Skin reaction to lipids from avirulent strain Shibaura of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1009-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiko Arimitsu ◽  
Atsuko Moribayashi ◽  
Norihisa Goto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Skin Reactions

Sonically disrupted cells from avirulent strain Shibaura of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni induced a skin reaction characterized by infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) associated with some edema in guinea pigs. To determine the substance inducing infiltration of PMN, lipids of avirulent strain Shibaura were extracted with chloroform – methanol – water after washing with acetone. The lipids comprised 28% of the dry weight of the cell. When the lipids were further separated into water–methanol and chloroform fractions, the most severe PMN infiltration of all samples was seen in the skin inoculated with extract recovered from the chloroform fraction. Neutral and polar lipids were detected after thin-layer chromatography of the chloroform extract. Neutral lipids were detected as free fatty acids (FFA). Fatty acids contained in polar lipids were mainly palmitic acid and palmitoleic acid, whereas FFA comprised 66.5% oleic acid. Skin reactions consisting of marked edema with mild infiltration of PMN were elicited by FFA. There was no obvious difference between a commercially available FFA mixture and the FFA from avirulent strain Shibaura. These observations suggest that FFA may play some role in the pathogenesis of leptospirosis.Key words: Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni avirulent strain Shibaura, polar lipids, free fatty acids, skin reaction.

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