scholarly journals Oxygen uptake for trained and untrained men at a constant work load above and below the anaerobic threshold

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043-1044
Author(s):  
Abraham Alfaro
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Work Load

scholarly journals Research project: State and Stimulation of Development in Children Aged 8-9 Living Under War Conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
M. Vranešić ◽  
Dj. Radojević ◽  
E. Ićindić-Nakaš ◽  
H. Kulenović
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Aerobic Threshold ◽  
Functional Reserves

The somatic, functional and metabolic characteristics of children at 8 years of age have been established. These children have, for the previous three years, lived under stressful conditions of direct shelling, poor nutrition and movement. At the same time there has been an evaluation of the effects of programmed physical activities which have been applied in the aim of stimulating natural physical dynamics and functional developments and the elimination of stagnation of development which occurs from conditions of unfavorable factors. The research and the program of physical activities included 41 boys, starting at an average age of 8 years and four months. The somatic characteristics of the boys, according to 25 antropo-metric measures (IBP), show a lag in the boy’s physical development according to their age group by one year. The lagging behind is especially evident in volume dimensions and underskin tissue fat (Przulj, 1991., Bonacin, 1995. Blaha, 1982.). An improvement of conditions and a greater scope of movement activities for the duration of 8 months did not significantly influence on the improvement of the somatic and functional status of the boys in comparison with the controlled group (N=21) of the same average age during another measurement period. While resting, on the level of aerobic threshold, anaerobic threshold and maximal oxygen uptake, the value of ergonometric, functional and metabolic parameters were confirmed: V02 stpd, Ve btps. Ve * V02-1, Ve*VC02-l, RQ, fc (beats*min-l), work load in Watts and on the basis of these relative indicators were completed. The gradual growth of work load was completed with the help of bicyklergometer (Monark). After 3 minutes of easy pedaling (warming-up) an initial work load was given of Watt*body mass and increased by 1/3 of the mass*Watt every minute until the achievement of maximal oxygen uptake. Individual aerobic and anaerobic thresholds (Aep) and (Anp), for each person examined were confirmed on the basis of the smallest sizes in the points of the crucial curves Ve*V02-l and Ve*VC02-l (Wasserman et al., 1973 and 1991, Cooper et al, 1984, Yacov, 1991). For the level of maximum oxygen uptake, the work load was taken, on which the greatest worth of V02 was achieved and it did not increase with the foflowing greater work load. The average value of ergono-metric, functional and metabolic parameters of the initial state and the final measurement of the experiment group:   -level of aerobic threshold: 2.4 and 2.3 work load (Watt*mass-1), 30.57 and 28.37 V02kg(ml*kg-1 *min-I), 168.6 and 166.6 fc(beats*min-l), 5.08 and 5.31 V02*fc-1, 64.7 ad 62.6 V02*V02 max-1 %, 85.9 and 85.4 fc*fc(V02max)-l %, 63.4 and 62.6 W*W(V02max-l)%, -level of anaerobic threshold: 2.7 and 2.7 work load (Watt*mass-1), 33.15 and 34.54 V02 kg(ml*kg-l*min-1), 175.4 and 175.7 fc (beats*min-l), 5.6 and 6.1 V02*fc-I, 74.4 and 76.2 V02*V02max-l%, 89.3 and 90.1 fc*fc(V02max), 70.7 and 72.7 W*W(V02max)-1%, -level of maximum oxygen uptake: 3.8 and 3.7 work load (Watt*mass-1), 47.2 and 45.3 V02kg(ml*kg-l*min-l), 196.3 and 195.1 fc(beats*min-l), 6.8 and 7.3 V02*fc-1.   Significant statistical differences are confirmed only on the values of V02* fc-1 I and II measuring Ρ = 001. The results confirm the assumption of the general stråte-gy of adaptation, directed in the formation and protection of functional reserves from exhaustion, for priority of growth needs and development and only on that basis can an increase of ability for an even greater level of their total and rational usage can occur. For a significant growth ability of a greater level of mobilization of functional reserves there is a need for a greater intensity and a longer time period in completing physical activities.

scholarly journals The Effect of Eight-Week Sprint Interval Training on Aerobic Performance of Elite Badminton Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Haochong Liu ◽  
Bo Leng ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Dapeng Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Lactate Clearance ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
And Control

This study was aimed to: (1) investigate the effects of physiological functions of sprint interval training (SIT) on the aerobic capacity of elite badminton players; and (2) explore the potential mechanisms of oxygen uptake, transport and recovery within the process. Thirty-two elite badminton players volunteered to participate and were randomly divided into experimental (Male-SIT and Female-SIT group) and control groups (Male-CON and Female-CON) within each gender. During a total of eight weeks, SIT group performed three times of SIT training per week, including two power bike trainings and one multi-ball training, while the CON group undertook two Fartlek runs and one regular multi-ball training. The distance of YO-YO IR2 test (which evaluates player’s ability to recover between high intensity intermittent exercises) for Male-SIT and Female-SIT groups increased from 1083.0 ± 205.8 m to 1217.5 ± 190.5 m, and from 725 ± 132.9 m to 840 ± 126.5 m (p < 0.05), respectively, which were significantly higher than both CON groups (p < 0.05). For the Male-SIT group, the ventilatory anaerobic threshold and ventilatory anaerobic threshold in percentage of VO2max significantly increased from 3088.4 ± 450.9 mL/min to 3665.3 ± 263.5 mL/min (p < 0.05),and from 74 ± 10% to 85 ± 3% (p < 0.05) after the intervention, and the increases were significantly higher than the Male-CON group (p < 0.05); for the Female-SIT group, the ventilatory anaerobic threshold and ventilatory anaerobic threshold in percentage of VO2max were significantly elevated from 1940.1 ± 112.8 mL/min to 2176.9 ± 78.6 mL/min, and from 75 ± 4% to 82 ± 4% (p < 0.05) after the intervention, which also were significantly higher than those of the Female-CON group (p < 0.05). Finally, the lactate clearance rate was raised from 13 ± 3% to 21 ± 4% (p < 0.05) and from 21 ± 5% to 27 ± 4% for both Male-SIT and Female-SIT groups when compared to the pre-test, and this increase was significantly higher than the control groups (p < 0.05). As a training method, SIT could substantially improve maximum aerobic capacity and aerobic recovery ability by improving the oxygen uptake and delivery, thus enhancing their rapid repeated sprinting ability.

scholarly journals Can wearable technology be used to approximate cardiopulmonary exercise testing metrics?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jones ◽  
Laura Tan ◽  
Suzanne Carey-Jones ◽  
Nathan Riddell ◽  
Richard Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise

Abstract Background Consumer wrist-worn wearable activity monitors are widely available, low cost and are able to provide a direct measurement of several markers of physical activity. Despite this, there is limited data on their use in perioperative risk prediction. We explored whether these wearables could accurately approximate metrics (anaerobic threshold, peak oxygen uptake and peak work) derived using formalised cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in patients undergoing high-risk surgery. Methods Patients scheduled for major elective intra-abdominal surgery and undergoing CPET were included. Physical activity levels were estimated through direct measures (step count, floors climbed and total distance travelled) obtained through continuous wear of a wrist worn activity monitor (Garmin Vivosmart HR+) for 7 days prior to surgery and self-report through completion of the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Correlations and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis explored the relationships between parameters provided by CPET and physical activity. Device selection Our choice of consumer wearable device was made to maximise feasibility outcomes for this study. The Garmin Vivosmart HR+ had the longest battery life and best waterproof characteristics of the available low-cost devices. Results Of 55 patients invited to participate, 49 (mean age 65.3 ± 13.6 years; 32 males) were enrolled; 37 provided complete wearable data for analyses and 36 patients provided full IPAQ data. Floors climbed, total steps and total travelled as measured by the wearable device all showed moderate correlation with CPET parameters of peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) (R = 0.57 (CI 0.29–0.76), R = 0.59 (CI 0.31–0.77) and R = 0.62 (CI 0.35–0.79) respectively), anaerobic threshold (R = 0.37 (CI 0.01–0.64), R = 0.39 (CI 0.04–0.66) and R = 0.42 (CI 0.07–0.68) respectively) and peak work (R = 0.56 (CI 0.27–0.75), R = 0.48 (CI 0.17–0.70) and R = 0.50 (CI 0.2–0.72) respectively). Receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis for direct and self-reported measures of 7-day physical activity could accurately approximate the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) and the anaerobic threshold. The area under these curves was 0.89 for VE/VCO2 and 0.91 for the anaerobic threshold. For peak VO2 and peak work, models fitted using just the wearable data were 0.93 for peak VO2 and 1.00 for peak work. Conclusions Data recorded by the wearable device was able to consistently approximate CPET results, both with and without the addition of patient reported activity measures via IPAQ scores. This highlights the potential utility of wearable devices in formal assessment of physical functioning and suggests they could play a larger role in pre-operative risk assessment. Ethics This study entitled “uSing wearable TEchnology to Predict perioperative high-riSk patient outcomes (STEPS)” gained favourable ethical opinion on 24 January 2017 from the Welsh Research Ethics Committee 3 reference number 17/WA/0006. It was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT03328039.

Use of respiratory quotients in assessment of aerobic work capacity

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Issekutz ◽  
N. C. Birkhead ◽  
K. Rodahl
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output ◽  
Ergometer Test ◽  
Aerobic Work Capacity ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Better Than

Oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output were measured in 32 untrained subjects during exercise on the bicycle ergometer. It was shown that the work respiratory quotient (RQ) under standardized conditions can be used as a measure of physical fitness. ΔRQ (work RQ minus 0.75) increases logarithmically with the work load and maximal O2 uptake is reached at a ΔRQ value of 0.40. This observation offered the possibility of predicting the maximal O2 uptake of a person, based on the measurement of RQ during a single bicycle ergometer test at a submaximal load. For each work RQ between 0.95 and 1.15 a factor was presented, together with the aid of a simple equation, which gave a good approximation (generally better than ±10%) of the maximal O2 uptake.

Exercise in Merino sheep dash the relationships between work intensity, endurance, anaerobic threshold and glucose metabolism

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW Pethick ◽  
CB Miller ◽  
NG Harman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

The effect of exercise intensity on (i) the ability of sheep to sustain exercise and (ii) glucose metabolism was investigated in fed non-pregnant adult Merino ewes. Five animals were prepared with cannulae to study the splanchnic tissues using the arteriovenous difference technique either at rest or during 8 levels of exercise: 3, 5, 7 and 9 km h-1 at either 0� or 9� incline. The anaerobic threshold, determined by elevation of blood lactate concentration or lactate/pyruvate ratio, occurred at a work rate of about 6-10 watts/kg body wt (7 km h-1 on 0� incline, 3 km h-1 on 9� incline). Only exercise well in excess of the anaerobic threshold resulted in ewes showing fatigue. Fatigue was not associated with carbohydrate depletion or lacticacidosis. Changes in the partial pressure of CO2 and the pH of blood indicated a marked respiratory alkalosis that was related to the severity of exercise, suggesting that thermoregulation may have been an important component of fatigue. Splanchnic blood flow declined when the intensity of exercise exceeded the anaerobic threshold; however, this did not compromise splanchnic function as assessed by oxygen and metabolite uptake. During exercise below the anaerobic threshold euglycemia was maintained while a pronounced hyperglycemia, that became more severe as the work rate increased, was found for exercise above the anaerobic threshold. The release of glucose by the liver increased significantly at all work rates and markedly so after the anaerobic threshold, such that the resultant hyperglycemia was consistent with an exaggerated hepatic glucose release due to 'feed forward' control. The contribution of lactate and glycerol to gluconeogenesis, assuming complete conversion, remained constant at 18-25% except at the highest work load where the contribution significantly declined to 9%. The decline was due to (i) saturation of hepatic lactate uptake and (ii) a failure for glycerol concentration and so uptake to increase beyond a work rate of 22 W kg-1. The requirement for gluconeogenic end products of digestion for animals grazed under extensive conditions would be 9-30% greater than for animals not exercising, depending upon the speed and inclination of exercise.

THE EFFECT OF INDUCED HYPOXIA ON OXYGEN UPTAKE DURING MUSCULAR EXERCISE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Patrick Cronin ◽  
Donald J. MacIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Oxygen Mixture ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Exercise Period

During the moderate exercise of treadmill walking, steady-state oxygen uptake bears a linear relationship to the work performed (i.e. to the slope of the treadmill), when the speed of walking is kept constant. Four normal male subjects were studied on the treadmill at several levels of exercise while they were breathing air and again while breathing a mixture of approximately 11% oxygen in nitrogen. An alteration in the linear relationship between oxygen uptake and work, established with the subjects breathing air, was observed when the subjects were restudied breathing 11% oxygen. In each case, this alteration indicated that the subject took up less oxygen while breathing a low-oxygen mixture despite the accomplishment of similar work loads. That this phenomenon is explicable on the basis of slower attainment of the steady state was excluded by prolonging each exercise period in two subjects. Another possible explanation, i.e. that the subjects effect greater utilization of anaerobic metabolic sources while hypoxic, was excluded by direct measurement of the oxygen debt after each period of exercise. It is concluded that exercising normal subjects exhibit an adaptive mechanism under conditions of induced hypoxia permitting reduced oxygen uptake for a given work load.

Detection of a lactate threshold during incremental exercise?

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 885-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Segmented Model ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Divergence Of Opinion

An important question in the study of the exercise response is the real or imaginary nature of the anaerobic threshold, and mathematical modeling techniques have been invoked to assist in resolving this issue. Two opposing views with competing data models recently published in this journal are criticized. One view suggests a segmented model with a discontinuous first derivative at the threshold. The other suggests a continuous model over the whole work load range, implying the anaerobic threshold to be imaginary. However, neither group of authors has devoted proper rigorous attention to the models they use. Had this been done, some of the divergence of opinion may have been avoided. Ideal data from an alternate segmented model that has a continuous first derivative at the threshold are considered for comparative purposes. This suggests that the log-log transformation method may well lead to improved detection of a threshold when one exists, although the estimates of the threshold value obtained are unreliable. Modeling methodology is a useful approach to the resolution of scientific issues, but there exist fundamental implications and alternatives that must be fully recognized.

scholarly journals Can wearable technology be used to approximate cardiopulmonary exercise testing metrics?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Morgan ◽  
Laura Jones ◽  
Laura Tan ◽  
Suzanne Carey-Jones ◽  
Nathan Riddell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise ◽  
Peak Vo2

Abstract Background Consumer wrist-worn wearable activity monitors are widely available, low cost and are able to provide a direct measurement of several markers of physical activity. Despite this, there is limited data on their use in perioperative risk prediction. We explored whether these wearables could accurately approximate metrics (anaerobic threshold, peak oxygen uptake and peak work) derived using formalised cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in patients undergoing high-risk surgery. Methods Patients scheduled for major elective intra-abdominal surgery and undergoing CPET were included. Physical activity levels were estimated through direct measures (step count, floors climbed and total distance travelled) obtained through continuous wear of a wrist worn activity monitor (Garmin Vivosmart HR+) for 7 days prior to surgery and self-report through completion of the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Correlations and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis explored the relationships between parameters provided by CPET and physical activity. Device selection Our choice of consumer wearable device was made to maximise feasibility outcomes for this study. The Garmin Vivosmart HR+ had the longest battery life and best waterproof characteristics of the available low-cost devices. Results Of 55 patients invited to participate, 49 (mean age 65.3 ± 13.6 years; 32 male) were enrolled; 37 provided complete wearable data for analyses and 36 patients provided full IPAQ data. Floors climbed, total steps and total travelled as measured by the wearable device all showed moderate correlation with CPET parameters of peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) (R=0.57 (CI 0.29-0.76), R=0.59 (CI 0.31-0.77) and R=0.62 (CI 0.35-0.79) respectively), anaerobic threshold (R = 0.37 (CI 0.01-0.64), R = 0.39 (CI 0.04-0.66) and R = 0.42 (CI 0.07-0.68) respectively) and peak work (R = 0.56 (CI 0.27-0.75), R = 0.48 (CI 0.17-0.70) and R = 0.50 (CI 0.2-0.72) respectively). Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) analysis for direct and self-reported measures of 7 day physical activity could accurately approximate the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) and the anaerobic threshold. The area under these curves was 0.89 for VE/VCO2 and 0.91 for the anaerobic threshold. For peak VO2 and peak work, models fitted using just the wearable data were 0.93 for peak VO2 and 1.00 for peak work. Conclusions Data recorded by the wearable device was able to consistently approximate CPET results, both with and without the addition of patient reported activity measures via IPAQ scores. This highlights the potential utility of wearable devices in formal assessment of physical functioning and suggests they could play a larger role in pre-operative risk assessment. Ethics This study entitled “uSing wearable TEchnology to Predict perioperative high-riSk patient outcomes (STEPS)” gained favourable ethical opinion on 24/1/2017 from the Welsh Research Ethics Committee 3 reference number 17/WA/0006. It was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with identifier NCT03328039.

scholarly journals Do Anthropometric and Aerobic Parameters Predict a Professional Career for Adolescent Skiers?

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (06) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Windhaber ◽  
Monica Steinbauer ◽  
Christoph Castellani ◽  
Georg Singer ◽  
Holger Till ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Individual Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Alpine Skiers ◽  
Medical Examinations ◽  
Ski Racers

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether spiroergometry performance in adolescent alpine ski racers can predict later advancement to a professional career. Over 10 consecutive years, adolescent skiers of the regional Austrian Youth Skier Squad (local level) underwent annual medical examinations, including exhaustive bicycle spiroergometry. The performance was determined at fixed (2 and 4 mmol/l serum lactate) and individual (individual anaerobic threshold (IAT) and lactate equivalent (LAE)) thresholds. Data from the last available test were compared between skiers who later advanced to the professional level (Austrian national ski team) and those who did not. Ninety-seven alpine skiers (n=51 male; n=46 female); mean age 16.6 years (range 15–18) were included. Of these, 18 adolescents (n=10 male; n=8 female) entered a professional career. No significant differences were found for maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). Athletes advancing to the professional level had significantly higher performance and VO2 at LAE. Additionally, male professionals had significantly higher performances at fixed thresholds and the IAT. The performance and VO2 at the LAE, and thus the ability to produce power at a particular metabolic threshold, was the most relevant spiroergometric parameter to predict a later professional career.

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