The solid reaction products of the catalytic decomposition of carbon monoxide on iron at 550°C

Carbon ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Ruston ◽  
M. Warzee ◽  
J. Hennaut ◽  
J. Waty
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Catalytic Decomposition ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Solid Reaction

scholarly journals The initial stages of the dehydrogenation and isomeric change of allyl alcohol

1926 ◽  
Vol 113 (764) ◽  
pp. 254-258 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Allyl Alcohol ◽  
Catalytic Decomposition ◽  
Unsaturated Alcohol ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Brass Tube ◽  
Saturated Aldehyde ◽  
Lower Temperature

The catalytic decomposition of allyl alcohol has been studied by Ipatiev, who passed the vapour through a brass tube filled with brass filings maintained at 600° C. He found hydrogen and acrolein, some propylene and carbon monoxide, with a little divinyl in the reaction products, showing that under these conditions of elevated temperature very little hydrogenation of the double bond of the unsaturated alcohol takes place. Sabatier and Senderensf used reduced copper as catalyst at temperatures varying from 180-300° C. They found that a yield of over 50 per cent, of propionaldehyde could be obtained and only a little acrolein and hydrogen. The lower temperature seems to favour the production of the saturated aldehyde. The observations of Moureu and Boismenu have shown that acrolein is very appreciably hydrogenated by copper at temperatures between 110 and 250° C. At 300° C. the destruction of the acrolein is very rapid. It is evident, therefore, that there are two reactions to be followed in the initial stages of the dehydrogenation of allyl alcohol by copper CH 2 ═ CH . CH 2 OH— ↗CH 3 . CH 2 . CHO ↘ CH 2 = CH. CHO + H 2 A detailed study was made of these two reactions to attempt to throw light on the state of the adsorbed molecules, and to consider in detail the mechanism of the two reactions and the connection between them.

Kinetics of carbon monoxide methanation on a Ni/SiO2 catalyst

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1678-1685
Author(s):  
Vladimír Stuchlý ◽  
Karel Klusáček
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Catalyst Activity ◽  
Adsorbed Hydrogen ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Co Methanation ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of CO methanation on a commercial Ni/SiO2 catalyst was evaluated at atmospheric pressure, between 528 and 550 K and for hydrogen to carbon monoxide molar ratios ranging from 3 : 1 to 200 : 1. The effect of reaction products on the reaction rate was also examined. Below 550 K, only methane was selectively formed. Above this temperature, the formation of carbon dioxide was also observed. The experimental data could be described by two modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models, based on hydrogenation of surface CO by molecularly or by dissociatively adsorbed hydrogen in the rate-determining step. Water reversibly lowered catalyst activity and its effect was more pronounced at higher temperature.

Methanation on exfoliated and supported MoS2

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 862-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guenter A. Scholz ◽  
S. Roy Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Transition Metal Catalysts ◽  
Surface Species ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Ammonium Heptamolybdate ◽  
First Order ◽  
Methanation Reaction ◽  
Improved Performance

The methanation reaction on MoS2 exfoliated to a thickness of a few layers or less and adsorbed onto alumina is found to be very small. However, by calcining and resulfiding the exfoliated MoS2 catalysts, greatly improved performance is achieved that is at least equal to the commercial catalysts based on ammonium heptamolybdate. The creation of molybdenum oxysulflde surface species therefore appears to be a necessary step toward producing significant methanation rates with exfoliated and supported MoS2. The methanation products are almost exclusively CO2 and CH4, their mole ratios near unity, with otherwise only very much smaller amounts of longer chain hydrocarbons. The activation energy for methanation is generally observed to be near 100 kJ/mol, with the overall reaction being first order in the carbon monoxide concentration and third order in the hydrogen concentration. In contrast to the transition-metal catalysts, no water could be detected in the reaction products of the molybdenum based catalyst. Keywords: methanation reaction on MoS2, exfoliated and supported MoS2 as catalyst.

Effect of non-swelling layers on the dissolution of reduced-charge montmorillonite in hydrochloric acid

Clay Minerals ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Komadel ◽  
J. Bujdák ◽  
J. Madejová ◽  
V. Šucha ◽  
F. Elsass
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
Acid Dissolution ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Glycol Monoethyl Ether ◽  
Xrd Patterns

AbstractA series of reduced-charge montmorillonites (RCM), prepared from the same parent Li-montmorillonite (Jelšový Potok, Slovakia) by heating at various temperatures (105–210°C) for 24 h, was treated with 6 m HCl at 95°C for periods up to 30 h. Reaction solutions obtained were analysed for Al, Fe, Mg and Li and the solid reaction products were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. Both analyses provided evidence that the extent of dissolution decreased with increased amounts of Li fixed within the montmorillonite structure, i.e. with increased heating temperature. Differences in the acid dissolution process were reflected in the structural changes which occurred within the RCM samples, due presumably to different positions of fixed Li. The ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) surface areas, and XRD and HRTEM analyses of the RCM series revealed an increased amount of non-swelling layers in the samples prepared at higher temperatures, which caused a substantially slower decomposition of M7 and M8 in HCl. The calculated XRD patterns of M6 and M7 confirmed the presence of 20% and 45% pyrophyllite-like layers, respectively, in these samples. Mixed-layer pyrophyllite-like-smectite and pyrophyllite-like crystals, containing only non-swelling layers, were found in sample M8. The results confirmed that the amount of swelling layers in RCM significantly affects their dissolution rate in HCl.

Study on Preparation of Ti Powder by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) with Magnesiothermit Reductive Process

2008 ◽  
Vol 575-578 ◽  
pp. 1086-1092
Author(s):  
Peng Lin Zhang ◽  
Tian Dong Xia ◽  
Guo Dong Zhang ◽  
Li Jing Yan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Green Compact ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Ti Powder

The combustion process of Mg-TiO2 system was preliminarily investigated from three aspects of thermodynamics, reaction kinetics and the technological parameters. The result indicates that the adiabatic temperature of Mg-TiO2 system is between 2060K and 2140K because the major existent modalities of TiO2 is the rutile and anatase, this meets the empirical criterion that the SHS reaction will be self-sustaining; The solid-solid reaction occurs at about 767K; Ti powders can be produced only when the ratio between Mg and TiO2 arrives at 2.9:1; The higher the vacuum, the more complete the reaction; The combustion temperature arrives at its peak when the pressure of green compact arrives at 250MPa; the velocity of the combustion wave increases with the augmentation of the pressure of green compact. So the proper control of the technological parameters can change the reaction temperature, reaction rate and the components of reaction products.

scholarly journals Stability of kaolin sand from the Vyšný Petrovec deposit (south Slovakia) in an acid environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pentrák Martin ◽  
Madejová Jana ◽  
Andrejkovičová Slávka ◽  
Uhlík Peter ◽  
Komadel Peter
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
High Dissolution Rate ◽  
Acid Environment ◽  
Mir Spectra ◽  
Gradual Release

Abstract Comprehensive characterization of kaolin sand from the Vyšný Petrovec (VP) deposit in Slovakia by a variety of experimental methods was performed. The quantitative XRD analysis (RockJock software) revealed that the acid-untreated sample contained mainly kaolinite (~60 wt. %), a considerable amount of dioctahedral micas (~32 wt. %) and quartz (~ 7 wt. %). The Hinckley index (HI) and Aparicio-Galán-Ferrel index (AGFI) calculated from the 02l and 11l reflections showed medium-defect kaolinite to be present in the VP kaolin. The influence of the mineral composition of VP kaolin on its stability in 6 mol · dm-3 HCl at 95 °C was investigated. The solid reaction products were examined by chemical analysis; XRD and infrared spectroscopy in both middle (MIR) and near (NIR) regions. Considerably higher dissolution rate of Fe compared to Al indicated that Fe was bounded in a readily soluble phase rather than in kaolinite. While the MIR spectra confirmed the gradual release of the central atoms from the clay minerals layers and creation of amorphous silica upon acid treatment, the NIR spectra revealed the formation of Si-OH groups in the solid reaction product. Relatively high dissolution rate of VP kaolin resulted from the presence of small-grains of mediumdefect kaolinite and clay admixtures in VP kaolin sand.

Oxidative Catalytic Decomposition of Toxic Gases Using Hydroxyapatite and Fluorhydroxyapatite

1994 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Palucka ◽  
Nicholas G. Eror ◽  
Thomas A. Mcnamara
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Catalytic Decomposition ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Fluorine Substitution ◽  
Dimethyl Methylphosphonate ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Percent Nitrogen ◽  
Protection Period

ABSTRACTAn oxidative catalytic route for the decomposition of nerve gases was investigated using hydroxyapatite (HA, chemical composition Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and its partially fluorinated analog fluorhydroxyapatite (FHA, Ca10(PO4)6Fx(OH)2−x). Samples were prepared with surface areas ranging from 34 to 238 m2/g to study surface area effects; 1.2 wt. % platinum was deposited on one substrate to investigate the effect of a transition metal on activity and selectivity. Reaction studies were performed using dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a nerve gas simulant, in a stream of 80 percent nitrogen and 20 percent oxygen at 573 K and atmospheric pressure. High surface area FHA samples showed an increase in the "protection period" (period of 100% conversion) with increasing fluorine substitution; such an increase was not seen for low surface area FHA samples. In the absence of platinum, the reaction products were methanol and dimethyl ether; with platinum, CO2 was also obtained.

THE RADIOLYSIS OF ETHANOL: I. VAPOR PHASE

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1836-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ramaradhya ◽  
G. R. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Ethanol Vapor ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Alpha Radiolysis ◽  
Methane Carbon

The alpha radiolysis of ethanol vapor at 108 °C produced hydrogen as the major single product, with smaller amounts of methane, carbon monoxide, ethylene, ethane, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, water, 2,3-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol, propanol, and butanol. The initial yield of hydrogen was G(H2) = 8.9 ± 0.4, which is much higher than the values reported for the liquid phase (G(H2) ≈ 4).A mechanism is proposed to account for the formation of the products. However, the observed value of G(H2O) = 5.4 is over four times larger than can be explained by the mechanism.There is a good material balance in the observed reaction products, which indicates that little polymerization occurred during the radiolysis. This is in marked contrast with the vapor phase radiolysis of cyclohexane.

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