scholarly journals Studies on in vitro models of cellular immunity: The role of T and B cells in the secretion of lymphotoxin

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J Shacks ◽  
Jacques Chiller ◽  
G.A Granger
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
T And B Cells

IL-21 Plus CpG ODN Induces Granzyme B-Dependent Induction of Apoptosis in CD5-Positive B Cells Including B-CLL Cells.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 2823-2823
Author(s):  
Sue E. Blackwell ◽  
Bernd Jahrsdoerfer ◽  
James E. Wooldridge ◽  
Jian Huang ◽  
Melinda W. Andreski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Granzyme B ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cpg Odn ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
B1 Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Populations

Abstract Interleukin 21 (IL-21), a recently discovered cytokine with structural homology to IL-2, IL-4 and IL-15, has pleiotropic effects on lymphocyte populations including NK, T and B cells and is currently undergoing early clinical evaluation. We explored the effect of the combination of IL-21 and immunostimulatory CpG ODN on B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), and other CD5-positive B cells. IL-21 plus CpG ODN were synergistic in their ability to induce apoptosis of the B-CLL cells, and also induced production and secretion of granzyme B from the B-CLL cells. B-CLL cells treated with IL-21 and CpG ODN were capable of inducing apoptosis of untreated autologous B-CLL cells. This bystander killing was inhibited by anti-granzyme B antibodies. The effect was observed in all cases of CD5-positive B-CLL, but not in CD5-negative B-CLL samples. IL-21 plus CpG ODN also induced granzyme B production and apoptosis of benign CD5-positive B1 cells obtained from umbilical cord blood. In contrast, the number of CD5-negative B2 cells increased in the same samples during in vitro culture, resulting in a decreased ratio of CD5-positive to CD5-negative cord blood B cells (Fig. 1). Our results indicate the combination of IL-21 and CpG ODN is able to induce apoptosis of both benign and malignant CD5-positive B cells. Given the suspected role of B1 cells in autoimmune diseases, our findings could have important implications for the understanding of their pathogenetic mechanisms. These results might also open new avenues for the development of novel therapies for both autoimmune dieseases and CD5-positive B-CLL. Figure 1. IL- 21 and CpG ODN therapy selectively eliminates CD5 positive B cells in cord blood. Figure 1. IL- 21 and CpG ODN therapy selectively eliminates CD5 positive B cells in cord blood.

Bioengineered in vitro Vascular Models for Applications in Interventional Radiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (45) ◽  
pp. 5367-5374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Li ◽  
Seyed M. Moosavi-Basri ◽  
Rahul Sheth ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Yu S. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Conventional Animal ◽  
Vascular Structures

The role of endovascular interventions has progressed rapidly over the past several decades. While animal models have long-served as the mainstay for the advancement of this field, the use of in vitro models has become increasingly widely adopted with recent advances in engineering technologies. Here, we review the strategies, mainly including bioprinting and microfabrication, which allow for fabrication of biomimetic vascular models that will potentially serve to supplement the conventional animal models for convenient investigations of endovascular interventions. Besides normal blood vessels, those in diseased states, such as thrombosis, may also be modeled by integrating cues that simulate the microenvironment of vascular disorders. These novel engineering strategies for the development of biomimetic in vitro vascular structures will possibly enable unconventional means of studying complex endovascular intervention problems that are otherwise hard to address using existing models.

scholarly journals The Role of Biomimetic Hypoxia on Cancer Cell Behaviour in 3D Models: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Ye Liu ◽  
Zahra Mohri ◽  
Wissal Alsheikh ◽  
Umber Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
3D Models ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Tissue Models

The development of biomimetic, human tissue models is recognized as being an important step for transitioning in vitro research findings to the native in vivo response. Oftentimes, 2D models lack the necessary complexity to truly recapitulate cellular responses. The introduction of physiological features into 3D models informs us of how each component feature alters specific cellular response. We conducted a systematic review of research papers where the focus was the introduction of key biomimetic features into in vitro models of cancer, including 3D culture and hypoxia. We analysed outcomes from these and compiled our findings into distinct groupings to ascertain which biomimetic parameters correlated with specific responses. We found a number of biomimetic features which primed cancer cells to respond in a manner which matched in vivo response.

scholarly journals SELECTIVE TRIGGERING OF HUMAN T AND B LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO BY POLYCLONAL MITOGENS

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvyn Greaves ◽  
George Janossy ◽  
Michael Doenhoff
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
T And B Cells ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses

Human lymphocytes from spleen and tonsils have been cultured with a variety of polyclonal mitogens. Cultures consisted of either unseparated T and B cells or alternatively purified T or B lymphocytes. The purity of the starting cell populations and the origin of activated lymphoblasts was analyzed with a panel of seven markers which discriminate between T and B cells. The selectivity of the lymphocyte responses was influenced by cell populations in a given culture, the mitogen used, and to a limited extent on culture conditions. Purified T lymphocytes from tonsil and spleen responded to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Purified B cells from spleen responded well to PWM, weakly to SEB and lipopolysaccharide, but not at all to PHA. Tonsil B cells responded weakly to PWM and SEB but not to PHA. Some B lymphocytes do respond to PHA in the presence of activated T cells. These results are discussed in relation to previously reported selective responses of human cells and parallel studies in animal species.

scholarly journals Regulatory B cells (Bregs) inhibit osteoclastogenesis and prevent bone loss in osteoporotic mice model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Sapra ◽  
Asha Bhardwaj ◽  
Pradyumna K. Mishra ◽  
Bhupendra K. Verma ◽  
Rupesh K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Regulatory B Cells ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Post Menopausal Osteoporosis ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
First Time

AbstractIncreasing evidences in recent years have suggested that regulatory B cells (Bregs) are crucial modulator in various inflammatory disease conditions. However, the role of Bregs in case of postmenopausal osteoporosis remains unknown. Also, no study till date have ever investigated the significance of Bregs in modulating osteoclastogenesis. In the present study, we for the first time examined the anti-osteoclastogenic potential of Bregs under in vitro conditions and we observed that Bregs suppressed RANKL mediated osteoclastogenesis in bone marrow cells in a dose dependent manner. We further elucidated the mechanism behind the suppression of osteoclasts differentiation by Bregs and found that Bregs inhibit osteoclastogenesis via IL-10 production. To further confirm the bone health modulating potential of Bregs we employed post-menopausal osteoporotic mice model. Remarkably, our in vivo data clearly suggest a significant reduction (p < 0.01) in both CD19+IL-10+ and CD19+CD1dhiCD5+IL-10+ B10 Bregs in case of osteoporotic mice model. Moreover, our serum cytokine data further confirms the significant reduction of IL-10 levels in osteoporotic mice. Taken together, the present study for the first time unravels and establish the unexplored role of regulatory B cells in case of osteoporosis and provide new insight into Bregs biology in the context of post-menopausal osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Interleukin-13 in Combination With CD40 Ligand Potently Inhibits Apoptosis in Human B Lymphocytes: Upregulation of Bcl-xL and Mcl-1

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 4415-4424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Lømo ◽  
Heidi Kiil Blomhoff ◽  
Sten Eirik Jacobsen ◽  
Stanislaw Krajewski ◽  
John C. Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cd40 Ligand ◽  
Interleukin 13

Abstract Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a novel T-cell–derived cytokine with IL-4–like effects on many cell types. In human B lymphocytes, IL-13 induces activation, stimulates proliferation in combination with anti-IgM or anti-CD40 antibodies, and directs Ig isotype switching towards IgE and IgG4 isotypes. We show here that IL-13 also regulates human B-cell apoptosis. IL-13 reduced spontaneous apoptosis of peripheral blood B cells in vitro, as shown by measurement of DNA fragmentation using the TUNEL and Nicoletti assays. The inhibition of cell death by IL-13 alone was significant but modest, but was potently enhanced in combination with CD40 ligand (CD40L), a survival stimulus for B cells by itself. Interestingly, IL-13 increased the expression of CD40 on peripheral blood B cells, providing a possible mechanism for the observed synergy. IL-13 alone was a less potent inhibitor of apoptosis than IL-4. Moreover, there was no additive effect of combining IL-4 and IL-13 at supraoptimal concentrations, which is consistent with the notion that the IL-4 and IL-13 binding sites share a common signaling subunit. The combination of IL-13 with CD40L augmented the expression of the Bcl-2 homologues Bcl-xL and Mcl-1, suggesting this as a possible intracellular mechanism of induced survival. By contrast, levels of Bcl-2, and two other Bcl-2 family members, Bax and Bak, remained unaltered. Given the importance of the CD40-CD40L interaction in B-cell responses, these results suggest a significant role of IL-13 in the regulation of B-cell apoptosis.

The Use of Erythropoietin in the Treatment of Post-bone Marrow Transplatation Anemia

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Vannucchi ◽  
A. Bosi ◽  
A. Grossi ◽  
S. Guidi ◽  
R. Saccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Number Of Patients

The issue of the role of erythropoietin (Epo) in the erythroid reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been addressed in several recent studies. A defective Epo production in response to anemia has been shown to occur in patients undergoing allogeneic BMT unlike in most of those subjected to an autologous rescue. The factors involved in the inadeguate Epo production in BMT are discussed, with particular attention to the role of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin-A, which has been shown to inhibit Epo production in both in vivo and in vitro models. The observation of defective Epo production eventually led to the development of clinical trials of recombinant human Epo (rhEpo) administration in BMT patients; the aims of these studies were to stimulate erythroid engraftment, hence reducing blood transfusion exposure. Although the number of patients studied up to now is relatively small, a benefit from rhEpo administration in terms of accelerated erythroid engraftment seems very likely, and it may also be associated with decreased transfusional needs in most treated patients. However, further studies are needed to better define indications, dosages and schedules of rhEpo in BMT patients.

scholarly journals Effect of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Xenogeneic T and B Cells Isolated from Lupus-Prone MRL.Faslpr Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hong Kyung Lee ◽  
Eun Young Kim ◽  
Hyung Sook Kim ◽  
Eun Jae Park ◽  
Hye Jin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
T And B Cells

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, which is characterized by hyperactivation of T and B cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) ameliorate the progression of SLE in preclinical studies using lupus-prone MRL.Faslpr mice. However, whether hMSCs inhibit the functions of xenogeneic mouse T and B cells is not clear. To address this issue, we examined the in vitro effects of hMSCs on T and B cells isolated from MRL.Faslpr mice. Naïve hMSCs inhibited the functions of T cells but not B cells. hMSCs preconditioned with IFN-γ (i) inhibited the proliferation of and IgM production by B cells, (ii) attracted B cells for cell–cell interactions in a CXCL10-dependent manner, and (iii) inhibited B cells by producing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. In summary, our data demonstrate that hMSCs exert therapeutic activity in mice in three steps: first, naïve hMSCs inhibit the functions of T cells, hMSCs are then activated by IFN-γ, and finally, they inhibit B cells.

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