Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative studies with model compounds have shown that a variety of reactions may occur at 100–300° in molecules containing isocyanate, urea and urethane groups. All or most of these reactions are subject to catalysis so that they may be induced to proceed at lower temperatures. These reactions are quite important as they may affect the production and practical use of polyurethanes and polyureas. By the proper selection of reaction components one may design a polyurethane or polyurea molecule which will give both a reasonable rate of cure to the final state and a degree of temperature stability suitable for many rigorous applications. The choice of reactive groups providing approximately the desired rates of reaction and of suitable catalysts may be used to achieve the necessary curing rate. The initial choice of a catalyst which will have a minimum effect on decomposition reactions, or the removal of the catalyst from the cured polymer will favor polymer stability. A selection of reactants which will minimize those decomposition reactions leading to chain rupture, and which will compensate for what rupture may occur, will promote polymer stability. Simple illustrations of such choices would include eliminating tertiary aliphatic hydroxyl groups from the hydroxyl-bearing component and including some degree of branching commensurate with the degree of elasticity or rigidity desired. Branching should be achieved through the more stable groups, e.g., urethane, urea or trimer, rather than through the less stable allophanate and biuret groups. Many thoroughly tested applications of polyurethanes and mixed polyureaurethanes show that it is readily possible to produce such polymers with excellent thermal stability.
Thermal stability of polyurethane coating prepared by using diphenylolpropane
