Study on in vivo cytotoxicity caused by endotoxin injection

Toxicon ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity

scholarly journals Advanced Functional Materials Based on Nanocellulose for Pharmaceutical/Medical Applications

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Raluca Nicu ◽  
Florin Ciolacu ◽  
Diana E. Ciolacu
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Bacterial Nanocellulose ◽  
Green Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity

Nanocelluloses (NCs), with their remarkable characteristics, have proven to be one of the most promising “green” materials of our times and have received special attention from researchers in nanomaterials. A diversity of new functional materials with a wide range of biomedical applications has been designed based on the most desirable properties of NCs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and their special physicochemical properties. In this context and under the pressure of rapid development of this field, it is imperative to synthesize the successes and the new requirements in a comprehensive review. The first part of this work provides a brief review of the characteristics of the NCs (cellulose nanocrystals—CNC, cellulose nanofibrils—CNF, and bacterial nanocellulose—BNC), as well as of the main functional materials based on NCs (hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites). The second part presents an extensive review of research over the past five years on promising pharmaceutical and medical applications of nanocellulose-based materials, which have been discussed in three important areas: drug-delivery systems, materials for wound-healing applications, as well as tissue engineering. Finally, an in-depth assessment of the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of NCs-based materials, as well as the challenges related to their biodegradability, is performed.

Facile Preparation of Liposomes-encapsulated Zn-DTPA from Soy Lecithin for Decorporation of Radioactive Actinides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Almalki ◽  
Edward Lai ◽  
Raymond Ko ◽  
Chunsheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Delivery ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Soy Lecithin ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Facile Preparation ◽  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is an attractive decorporation agent that can enhance the excretion of radioactive actinides such as plutonium, americium, and curium after a radiological incident. However, DTPA is excreted in a short period of time after administration. Several formulations have been developed to improve DTPA pharmacokinetic properties. In this project, liposomes were prepared facilely from soy lecithin as a nanocarrier for pulmonary delivery of Zn-DTPA. Lipid hydration, reverse phase evaporation, and mechanical sonication were three methods evaluated for the preparation of liposomes-encapsulated Zn-DTPA. Mechanical sonication was the method of choice due to simple apparatus and facile preparation. Liposomes-encapsulated Zn-DTPA (lipo-Zn-DTPA) exhibited a hydrodynamic diameter of 178(±2) nm and a spherical shape. The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of Zn-DTPA were 41(±5) mg/g and 10(±1)%, respectively. Lyophilization of lipo-Zn-DTPA for extended storage did not affect the amount of encapsulated drug or damage the structure of liposomes. An in vivo cytotoxicity test confirmed no serious adverse effect of Zn-DTPA encapsulated lecithin liposomes in rats.

scholarly journals Enhanced In vitro and In vivo Cytotoxicity of Combined Reovirus and Radiotherapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 912-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Twigger ◽  
Laura Vidal ◽  
Christine L. White ◽  
Johann S. De Bono ◽  
Shreerang Bhide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity

Unique Toxicities and Resistance Mechanisms Associated with Monoclonal Antibody Therapy

Hematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Friedberg
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Impact On Treatment ◽  
Anti Cd20 ◽  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity

Abstract Anti-CD20 therapy has had a truly dramatic impact on treatment and outcome of patients with follicular lymphoma. Unfortunately, the majority of responses to single-agent rituximab are incomplete, and all patients with follicular lymphoma will experience disease progression at some point following rituximab therapy. Rituximab has multiple mechanisms of inducing in vivo cytotoxicity, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, complement-dependent cytotoxicity, direct apoptotic signaling, and possible vaccinal effects. The cellular microenvironment within follicular lymphoma has a profound impact on which mechanism is dominant, and confers resistance in many situations. Both tumor-associated and host-associated factors also contribute to rituximab resistance. There are multiple potential approaches to overcoming rituximab resistance, including rational biologic combination immunotherapy, engineered antibodies, and radioimmunoconjugates. Improved ability to overcome resistance will require further elucidation of critical signaling pathways involved in rituximab induced cytotoxicity and a comprehensive understanding of interactions between its multiple mechanisms of action.

Repurposing celecoxib analogues as leads for antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baowei Yang ◽  
Yicheng Mei ◽  
Qianhui Li ◽  
Mengyuan Zhang ◽  
Huiling Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Mild Improvement ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assessment ◽  
Improvement In Survival ◽  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity ◽  
Further Development

There is an urgent need for new antibiotics and alternative strategies to combat bacterial pathogens. Molecular docking, antibacterial evaluation in vitro and in vivo, cytotoxicity assessment and enzyme inhibition analyses were performed. Compound 12 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 4 μg/ml), various clinically isolated strains of MRSA (MIC: 4–16 μg/ml) and Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC: 4 μg/ml) when combined with subinhibitory concentrations of colistin B. Compound 12 (20 mg/kg) yielded mild improvement in survival of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected mice. Additionally, enzyme inhibition tests showed that compound 12 exhibited inhibitory effects against S. aureus dihydrofolate reductase (105.1 μg/ml) and DNA gyrase (122.8 μg/ml). Compound 12 is a promising antibacterial candidate for further development.

scholarly journals Prediction of in Vivo Cytotoxicity of Chemotherapeutic Agents by Their Effect on Malignant Leukocytes in Vitro

Blood ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN J. CLINE
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity

Abstract In order to develop a test system for predicting the response to chemotherapeutic agents, leukocytes from patients with leukemia and leukolymphosarcoma were cultured in vitro and the effect of several drugs on the incorporation of H3-uridine into ribonucleic acid was measured. Cortisol, vincristine and cytosine arabinoside at concentrations near the therapeutic range produced inhibition of H3-uridine incorporation in sensitive leukocytes. The in vitro effects of 6-mercaptopurine and methotrexate were variable. In 39 trials on 25 patients with leukemia or lymphosarcoma, the in vitro test was used successfully to predict the response to treatment with prednisone and vincristine. It was concluded that the in vitro test system can predict the in vivo cytotoxicity of certain drugs for malignant cells, although it cannot be used to predict the likelihood of the induction of remissions with these drugs.

scholarly journals Mycotoxins: Biotransformation and Bioavailability Assessment Using Caco-2 Cell Monolayer

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Van Nguyen Tran ◽  
Jitka Viktorová ◽  
Tomáš Ruml
Keyword(s):  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Transport ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
In Vivo Cytotoxicity

The determination of mycotoxins content in food is not sufficient for the prediction of their potential in vivo cytotoxicity because it does not reflect their bioavailability and mutual interactions within complex matrices, which may significantly alter the toxic effects. Moreover, many mycotoxins undergo biotransformation and metabolization during the intestinal absorption process. Biotransformation is predominantly the conversion of mycotoxins meditated by cytochrome P450 and other enzymes. This should transform the toxins to nontoxic metabolites but it may possibly result in unexpectedly high toxicity. Therefore, the verification of biotransformation and bioavailability provides valuable information to correctly interpret occurrence data and biomonitoring results. Among all of the methods available, the in vitro models using monolayer formed by epithelial cells from the human colon (Caco-2 cell) have been extensively used for evaluating the permeability, bioavailability, intestinal transport, and metabolism of toxic and biologically active compounds. Here, the strengths and limitations of both in vivo and in vitro techniques used to determine bioavailability are reviewed, along with current detailed data about biotransformation of mycotoxins. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of mycotoxin effects is also discussed regarding the disorder of intestinal barrier integrity induced by mycotoxins.

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