Distribution of carboxylesterase activities in different tissues of albino rats

1971 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.E. Mendoza ◽  
J.B. Shields ◽  
W.E.J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
Different Tissues

scholarly journals AMELIORATIVE ROLE OF SILYMARIN AGAINST ASPARTAME–INDUCED BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES, OXIDATIVE STRESS, INFLAMMATORY EFFECT AND GENOTOXICITY IN MALE ALBINO RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
SABHA E. ELBALLAT ◽  
AL-SHIMAA M. ABAS
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antioxidative Status ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Recovery Group ◽  
Different Tissues

Objective: Aspartame (ASP) is one of the most common artificial sweeteners. It has been recorded to be safe by World Health Organization. However, numerous publications have concluded that ASP is a genotoxic and carcinogenic sweetener. Methods: The current study aims to examine the effect of ASP consumption (250 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 d) on some biochemical parameters, oxidative/antioxidative status in different tissues, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), chromosomal aberration (CA) frequency and mitotic index (MI) percentage in addition to the possible ameliorative role of silymarin (50 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 d) against ASP-induced toxicity in male albino rats. Results: The present results have confirmed that ASP is able to induce significant increase in the blood glucose level, liver, kidney and lipid function tests, Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, serum TNF-α level, frequency of CA and MI%. Meanwhile, Glutathione reduced level (GSH), Glutathione–S-transferase (GST) and catalase activity (CAT) were decreased by ASPadministration. Recovery group showed slight enhancement in all parameters but remained significant as compared to the control group. Co-administration of ASP with silymarin showed greater improvement than the recovery group. Conclusion: Silymarin have an ameliorative role against biochemical oxidative stress, inflammatory changes in blood and different tissues, chromosomal aberrations and MI% induced by ASP administration.

Toxicity of chlorpyrifos on protease and glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme activities in albino rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 4841
Author(s):  
Savithri Y* ◽  
Sekhar P ◽  
Narasimha Rao C ◽  
Srineetha U
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Intracellular Protein ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽  
Representative Protein ◽  
Catabolic Process ◽  
Different Tissues

Present study was aimed to elucidate the pesticide toxicity in rats involves induced abnormalities of the intracellular protein catabolic process by the effect of one of the commonly used organophosphate compound chlorpyrifos on the activities of representative protein catabolising proteases and Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is a one of the regulatory enzyme known to check the deamination process to minimize the ammonia level and plays a significant role in the catabolism of amino acids. The sub lethal stress of chlorpyrifos on important metabolites and enzymes of protein metabolism was investigated in most important tissues like liver, kidney, heart and intestine of albino rats. Sub lethal concentration (1/10th LD50 i.e., 20mg/kg body weight) of chlorpyrifos (Organophosphate) on the enzyme parameters of albino rats were analysed after single, double and multiple dose of exposure. The increased protease activities in the different tissues of rat indicate the damage caused due to impairment of energy supply and proteases activity indicates higher protein degradation. Therefore, the proteins are denatured leading to more activation of proteases. The elevated GDH activity levels indicate its contribution to ammonia production and glutamate oxidation during chlorpyrifos toxicity.

Effects of renovascular hypertension on rat adrenal zona glomerulosa

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
G. Mazzocchi ◽  
P. Rebuffat ◽  
C. Robba ◽  
P. Vassanelli ◽  
G. G. Nussdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
And Control

It is well known that the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa steroidogenic activity is controlled by the renin-angiotensin system. The ultrastructural changes in the rat zona glomerulosa cells induced by renovascular hypertension were described previously, but as far as we are aware no correlated biochemical and morphometric investigations were performed.Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into 2 experimental groups. One group was subjected to restriction of blood flow to the left kidney by the application of a silver clip about the left renal artery. The other group was sham-operated and served as a control. Renovascular hypertension developed in about 10 days: sistolic blood pressure averaged 165 ± 6. 4 mmHg, whereas it was about 110 ± 3. 8 mmHg in the control animals. The hypertensive and control rats were sacrificed 20 days after the operation. The blood was collected and plasma renin activity was determined by radioimmunological methods. The aldosterone concentration was radioimmunologically assayed both in the plasma and in the homogenate of the left capsular adrenal gland.

Further Studies on the Ultrastructure of Harderian Gland in Adult Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Alfredo Feria-Velasco ◽  
Guadalupe Tapia-Arizmendi
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cell Components

The fine structure of the Harderian gland has been described in some animal species (hamster, rabbit, mouse, domestic fowl and albino rats). There are only two reports in the literature dealing on the ultrastructure of rat Harderian gland in adult animals. In one of them the author describes the myoepithelial cells in methacrylate-embbeded tissue, and the other deals with the maturation of the acinar cells and the formation of the secretory droplets. The aim of the present work is to analize the relationships among the acinar cell components and to describe the two types of cells located at the perifery of the acini.

Cell Fine Structure as Revealed in Dessicator-Dried Resinless Sections

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 622-623
Author(s):  
R. P. Becker ◽  
J. J. Wolosewick ◽  
J. Ross-Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Embedding Medium ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 6000

Methodology has been introduced recently which allows transmission and scanning electron microscopy of cell fine structure in semi-thin sections unencumbered by an embedding medium. Images obtained from these “resinless” sections show a three-dimensional lattice of microtrabeculfee contiguous with cytoskeletal structures and membrane-bounded cell organelles. Visualization of these structures, especially of the matiiDra-nous components, can be facilitated by employing tannic acid in the fixation step and dessicator drying, as reported here.Albino rats were fixed by vascular perfusion with 2% glutaraldehyde or 1.5% depolymerized paraformaldehyde plus 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M sodium cacodylate (pH 7.4). Tissues were removed and minced in the fixative and stored overnight in fixative containing 4% tannic acid. The tissues were rinsed in buffer (0.2M cacodylate), exposed to 1% buffered osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethyl alcohol, and embedded in pure polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG). Sections were cut on glass knives with a Sorvall MT-1 microtome and mounted onto poly-L-lysine, formvar-carbon coated grids while submerged in a solution of 95% ethanol containing 5% PEG.

A Physiologic Regulator of Collagen-Induced Platelet Aggregation: Inhibition by Clq

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (02) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Csákó ◽  
Eva A Suba
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Human Platelet ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Turbidimetric Method ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Aggregation Inhibition ◽  
Different Tissues

SummaryPlatelet aggregations were studied by a turbidimetric method in citrated human platelet-rich plasmas (PRP) in vitro. Human Clq inhibited the aggregations caused by collagens derived from different tissues and species. Clq was needed by weight in comparable quantities to collagen for neutralizing the aggregating effect. The dependence of the inhibitory reaction on the preincubation of platelets with Clq and the differences in the occurrence of aggregating substances in supernatants of PRP triggered with collagen in the presence or absence of Clq, confirmed that Clq exerts its effect by preventing fixation of collagen to platelets. In addition, the high specificity of the inhibitory action of Clq for collagen-induced platelet aggregation was demonstrated by results obtained for testing a variety of aggregating agents in combination with Clq and/or collagen.Since normal concentrations of Clq in the blood are in the range of inhibitory doses of Clq for collagen-induced platelet aggregations in vitro and upon activation of complement Clq is known to dissociate from Cl, it is proposed that Clq may participate in a highly specific manner in regulating platelet reactivity to collagen in vivo.

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