Effects of ionic environment on viscosity of Triton-extracted catch connective tissue of a sea cucumber body wall

1994 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Motokawa
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Ionic Environment

scholarly journals Effects of Ionic Environment on Viscosity of Catch Connective Tissue in Holothurian Body Wall

1986 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Hayashi ◽  
Tatsuo Motokawa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Viscosity Change ◽  
Ionic Environment

1. The effects of cations (H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) on the mechanical properties of the catch connective tissue in the dermis of a sea cucumber, Holothuria leucospilota Brandt, were studied. 2. The manipulation of the ionic environment caused rapid (apparent in minutes) and reversible viscosity change. 3. Artificial sea water (ASW) with a high concentration of Ca2+ (50mmol1−1) increased the normal viscosity 9 times; Ca2+-free ASW decreased it to one-tenth. Ca2+ was the only ion which caused a viscosity change whose range was as large as the range of the viscosity distribution of the dermis in ASW. 4. Manipulation of the concentration of other'ions caused an increase in viscosity. An increase of more than five-fold was observed in the following solutions: ASW with acidic (pH4) or basic (pH9, 10) pH; Na+-free ASW whose Na+ was replaced by either sucrose or choline; ASW with high (100 mmol1−1) concentration of K+; ASW with low (0 mmoll−1) or high (250 mmol1−1) concentrations of Mg2+. 5. The dermis contracted in distilled water, although this tissue contained no muscle cells.

scholarly journals The morphology of autotomy structures in the sea cucumber Eupentacta quinquesemita before and during evisceration

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 849-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Retractor Muscle ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Tissue Change

Evisceration in the dendrochirotid sea cucumber Eupentacta quinquesemita is a whole-body response involving a predictable series of events including muscle contraction and failure of three autotomy structures: (i) the introvert, the dexterous anterior extensible portion of the body wall, (ii) the tendon linking the pharyngeal retractor muscle to the longitudinal body wall muscle and (iii) the intestine-cloacal junction. The autotomy structures are histologically complex, consisting of muscle, nervous and connective tissue. Autotomy resulted from complete loss in the tensility of the connective tissue ground substance. Separation of the autotomy structures was facilitated by muscle contraction. The cell and tissue changes involved with autotomy were documented by microscopic examination of autotomising tissue. Change in the autotomy structures appears to initiate from the peritoneal side with delamination of the peritoneum followed by a wave of disruption as the connective tissue is infiltrated by coelomic fluid. Evisceration and autotomy in E. quinquesemita are neurally controlled, so particular attention was paid to the fate of neuronal elements. Neurosecretory-like processes containing large dense vesicles and axons were present in the connective tissue layers of the autotomy structures in association with extracellular matrix, muscles and neurons. These neuronal elements remained largely intact during autotomy and did not appear to be a source of factors that effect connective tissue change. They may, however, be involved in muscle activity. Holothuroid autotomy structures are completely or partially bathed in coelomic fluid, so there is potential for hormonal or neurosecretory activity using the coelomic fluid as a conduit. Connective tissue change during evisceration appears to be effected or mediated by an evisceration factor present in coelomic fluid that has a direct transmitter-like or neurosecretory-like mode of operation. The final outcome, expulsion of the viscera, is likely to result from a suite of factors that interact in a manner yet to be determined.

Extraction and Characterization of Pepsin Soluble Collagen from the Body Wall of Sea Cucumber Acaudina leucoprocta

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 502-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saijun Lin ◽  
Ya-Ping Xue ◽  
Enli San ◽  
Tan Chee Keong ◽  
Lifang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Soluble Collagen ◽  
Pepsin Soluble Collagen

Changes in collagenous tissue microstructures and distributions of cathepsin L in body wall of autolytic sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Xin Liu ◽  
Da-Yong Zhou ◽  
Dong-Dong Ma ◽  
Yan-Fei Liu ◽  
Dong-Mei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Stichopus Japonicus ◽  
Collagenous Tissue

scholarly journals Distribution of Saponins in the Sea Cucumber Holothuria lessoni; the Body Wall Versus the Viscera, and Their Biological Activities

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadollah Bahrami ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Christopher M. M. Franco
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Triterpene Glycosides ◽  
Partition Chromatography ◽  
Wide Range

Sea cucumbers are an important ingredient of traditional folk medicine in many Asian countries, which are well-known for their medicinal, nutraceutical, and food values due to producing an impressive range of distinctive natural bioactive compounds. Triterpene glycosides are the most abundant and prime secondary metabolites reported in this species. They possess numerous biological activities ranging from anti-tumour, wound healing, hypolipidemia, pain relieving, the improvement of nonalcoholic fatty livers, anti-hyperuricemia, the induction of bone marrow hematopoiesis, anti-hypertension, and cosmetics and anti-ageing properties. This study was designed to purify and elucidate the structure of saponin contents of the body wall of sea cucumber Holothuria lessoni and to compare the distribution of saponins of the body wall with that of the viscera. The body wall was extracted with 70% ethanol, and purified by a liquid-liquid partition chromatography, followed by isobutanol extraction. A high-performance centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC) was conducted on the saponin-enriched mixture to obtain saponins with a high purity. The resultant purified saponins were analyzed using MALDI-MS/MS and ESI-MS/MS. The integrated and hyphenated MS and HPCPC analyses revealed the presence of 89 saponin congeners, including 35 new and 54 known saponins, in the body wall in which the majority of glycosides are of the holostane type. As a result, and in conjunction with existing literature, the structure of four novel acetylated saponins, namely lessoniosides H, I, J, and K were characterized. The identified triterpene glycosides showed potent antifungal activities against tested fungi, but had no antibacterial effects on the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of a wide range of saponins with potential applications is promising for cosmeceutical, medicinal, and pharmaceutical products to improve human health.

scholarly journals Nutritional components of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morakot Sroyraya ◽  
Peter J. Hanna ◽  
Tanapan Siangcham ◽  
Ruchanok Tinikul ◽  
Prapaporn Jattujan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Arachidonic Acids

Background: Holothuria scabra is one of the most commercially important species found in the Pacific region. The sea cucumber extracts have been widely reported to have beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional compositions of H. scabra, and compare its important nutritional contents with that of other species.Methods: The sea cucumbers were dissected, sliced into small pieces, and then freeze-dried. The nutritional compositions, including proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, collagen, GABA, Vitamin A, C, and E of the whole body and body wall of H. scabra, were analyzed.Results: H. scabra contained a high quantity of protein (22.50% in whole body and 55.18% in body wall) and very low lipids (1.55% in whole body and 1.02% in body wall). The three most abundant amino acids found in both the whole body and body wall were glycine, glutamic acid, and proline. The main fatty acids found in the whole body were stearic acid and nervonic acid, and in the body wall were arachidonic acid and stearic acid. The whole body and body wall also contained high levels of essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, and collagen, in addition to moderate amounts of vitamin E and low amounts of GABA and vitamin C.Conclusions: The sea cucumber, H. scabra, contained high quantity of protein and very low lipid. It contained high essential amino acids, essential fatty acids, nervonic and arachidonic acids, and collagen, which also contained GABA, vitamin C, and vitamin E.Keywords: sea cucumber; Holothuria scabra; nutrition components; functional food            

SWELLING BEHAVIOUR OF THE CATCH CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN HOLOTHURIAN BODY WALL

1989 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN P. EYLERS ◽  
ALAN R. GREENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Maximum Volume ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Dermal Connective Tissue

Swelling tests in a series of isotonic and isoionic solutions of varying calcium-tosodium ratios were conducted on isolated dermal connective tissue of the holothurian Thyonella gemmata Verrill. The tissue swelled rapidly and attained a maximum volume increase of approximately 40 % when transferred from distilled water to NaCl solution; however, the volume did not change significantly in isotonic CaCl2 solution. At Ca2+/Na+ ratios ≤0.04 the tissue swelled at its maximum rate. The rate decreased with increasing calcium concentration, until at Ca2+/Na+ ≥0.40 no detectable swelling occurred. Similar results were obtained for Pentacta pygmaea Goldfuss. When tissues previously swollen in NaCl were placed in CaC2, the volume decreased significantly. Uniaxial tensile tests indicated that the elastic modulus of the tissue was much greater in Ca2+ solutions than in Na+ solutions. We hypothesize that dermal stiffness in holothurians is regulated by cation-sensitive crosslinks

Structural and biochemical changes in dermis of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) during autolysis in response to cutting the body wall

2018 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 1254-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Xin Liu ◽  
Da-Yong Zhou ◽  
Zi-Qiang Liu ◽  
Ting Lu ◽  
Liang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stichopus Japonicus
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