The embodied energy payback period of photovoltaic installations applied to buildings in the U.K.

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Wilson ◽  
Alan Young
Keyword(s):  
Payback Period ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Energy Payback

scholarly journals Wind Power Generator Embodied Energy Payback Analysis for Rural Area in Paraná-Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Amauri Ghellere Garcia Miranda ◽  
Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza ◽  
Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Natalia Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Energy Payback ◽  
Wind Power Generator

Over the last decades, wind energy has been named as a clean method to generate electrical power. But, to claim this argument many aspects must be evaluated. On one hand, wind power, as an electrical energy source, generates minimum environmental impact when in operation. On the other side, the material extraction for the manufacturing process does create environmental impact and require electrical energy usage. Therefore, when claiming the sustainability of wind power, as a method of electrical power generation, many aspects must be evaluated, such as the Life Cycle Analysis of the turbine. This study has been taken to evaluate the energy cost and its payback period off the wind power turbine S-600, manufactured by Greatwatt, has being evaluated. This evaluation has covered the embodied energy in the gross material present on the final product and its energetic payback period, for the specific case of working in a rural area in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The ISO 14040 methodology, for life cycle analyses, has being applied to estimate the embodied energy in the gross material present on the generator. The annual average energetic production estimation has considered 4 cases, varying the voltage output and hub height, and the nominal capacity, claimed by the manufacturing company. To assess the embodied energy payback period, the theoretical generation capacity has been estimated. Thus, by this analysis, this article has concluded that the embodied energy in the gross material is 803.39MJ. The energetic payback period for this product, at 10 meters hub height, is 11.6 months, if operating on 12 V, and 12.6 months, if operation on 24 V. Furthermore, in the situation of installed at 30 meters from the ground, the energy payback period drops down to 5.3 and 5.5 months, operating on 12 or 24 V respectively. In the situation of nominal generation, the energetic payback period would dropdown to 4.6 and 3.1 months, operating on 12 or 24 V respectively.

Energy Demand, Efficiency Measures and Embodied Energy in the Italian Residential Sector

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Abd Alla ◽  
Vincenzo Bianco ◽  
Federico Scarpa ◽  
Luca A. Tagliafico
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Site Energy ◽  
Energy Payback ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Energy Payback Time ◽  
Optimal Material

This paper investigates a strategy for energy saving in the Italian residential sector that includes in the assessment the embodied energy related to the efficiency measures. Simulations are run in three main cities (Milan, Rome and Naples) covering different climate zones. The purpose is, firstly, to estimate the baseline of the buildings energy consumption, secondly, to simulate the implementation of realistic retrofit solutions and, finally, to assess the retrofitting’ embodied energy and its energy payback time. The energy payback is based on the comparison between the net saved operational site energy and the embodied energy of the selected measures. By running the simulations, it is possible to estimate the maximum potential for energy savings and realistic estimation of achievable results in short-medium period. Results show the energy efficiency measures more convenient in terms of energy payback depending on the climate zone. For Naples, a focus on façade insulation has been held and the results defined the optimal material thickness in terms of embodied energy and net saved operational site energy in a life cycle of 15 years.

Performance and CO2 mitigation analysis of a solar greenhouse dryer for coconut drying

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1482-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ayyappan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Co2 Mitigation ◽  
Carbon Credit ◽  
Solar Greenhouse ◽  
Winter Time

A natural convection solar greenhouse dryer with biomass back-up heater was developed and tested for its performance during summer and winter months under the meteorological conditions of Pollachi, India, using coconuts as drying material. The dryer maintained the temperature between 33°C and 60°C during summer, 26°C and 43°C during winter periods. The biomass heater maintained the temperature inside the dryer between 35°C and 45°C during night. The coconuts were dried from an initial moisture content of 53% to a final moisture content of around 7% in 54 h in summer and 74 h in winter in the solar-biomass hybrid dryer compared to 153 h during summer and 247 h during winter in open sun drying. The thermal efficiency of the solar-biomass hybrid dryer was found to be 24% and 21%, respectively, during summer and winter time. The embodied energy of the dryer is found to be 18,302 kWh and the CO2 emission was 1518 kg per year. The net CO2 mitigation is 678 tonnes and the total carbon credit earned is $18,645. The payback period of the drier was found to be 3.3 years.

Teardown Index

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-101
Author(s):  
Joseph Dahmen ◽  
Jens von Bergmann ◽  
Misha Das
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Single Family ◽  
New Construction ◽  
New Buildings

Replacing older homes with new ones constructed to higher efficiency standards is one way to raise the operating efficiency of building stocks. However, new buildings require large amounts of embodied energy to construct, and it can take years before more efficient operations offset carbon emissions associated with new construction. This chapter looks at the carbon dioxide emission payback period of newly constructed, efficient single-family homes in Vancouver, British Columbia, where the authors find that it takes over 150 years for the operation to equal the embodied carbon associated with the of a typical high-efficiency new home. The findings suggest that current policies aimed at reducing emissions by replacing older homes with new high-efficiency buildings should be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of a Rotationally Asymmetrical Compound Parabolic Concentrator (RACPC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4750
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Zawadzki ◽  
Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki ◽  
Siti Hawa Abu-Bakar ◽  
Nurul Aini Bani ◽  
Abdullahi Abubakar Mas’ud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Energy Return On Investment ◽  
Compound Parabolic Concentrator ◽  
Energy Payback ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Payback Time ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic

Integrating a concentrator into the building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) design has resulted in a new technology known as the building integrated concentrating photovoltaic (BICPV). The rotationally asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator (RACPC) is an example of a concentrator design that has been explored for use in BICPV. This paper evaluates the life cycle assessment (LCA) for the RACPC-PV module, which has never been explored before. The LCA of the RACPC-PV module has found a cost reduction of 29.09% and a reduction of 11.76% of embodied energy material manufacture when compared to a conventional solar photovoltaic (PV) module. The energy payback time for an RACPC-PV and a conventional PV was calculated to be 8.01 and 6.63 years, respectively. Moreover, the energy return on investment ratio was calculated to be 3.12 for a conventional PV and 3.77 for an RACPC-PV.

scholarly journals Enhancing the renewable energy payback period of a photovoltaic power generation system by water flow cooling

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Ali Sohani ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Shahverdian ◽  
Hoseyn Sayyaadi ◽  
Siamak Hoseinzadeh ◽  
Saim Memon
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Energy Payback ◽  
Water Mass Flow Rate ◽  
The Impact

A photovoltaic system which enjoys water flow cooling to enhance the performance is considered, and the impact of water flow rate variation on energy payback period is investigated. The investigation is done by developing a mathematical model to describe the heat transfer and fluid flow. A poly crytalline PV module with the nomical capacity of 150 W that is located in city Tehran, Iran, is chosen as the case study. The results show that by incresing water flow rate, EPBP declines first linearly, from the inlet water flow rate of 0 to 0.015 kg.s-1, and then, EPBP approaches a constant value. When there is no water flow cooling, EPBP is 8.88, while by applying the water flow rate of 0.015 kg.s-1, EPBP reaches 6.26 years. However, only 0.28 further years decreament in EPBP is observed when the inlet water mass flow rate becomes 0.015 kg.s-1. Consequently, an optimum limit for the inlet water mass flow rate could be defined, which is the point the linear trend turns into approaching a constant value. For this case, as indicated, this value is 0.015 kg.s-1.

Environomical Analysis and Mathematical Modelling for Tomato Flakes Drying in a Modified Greenhouse Dryer under Active Mode

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Prakash ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Carbon Credit ◽  
Active Mode ◽  
Sun Drying

Abstract In this study, the main concern is to complete a performance analysis, a mathematical modelling and an environmental analysis of tomato flakes drying in a modified greenhouse dryer under active mode. Experimentation was conducted simultaneously in the designed dryer and also with natural drying processes. Tomato flakes were dried from an initial moisture of 96.0% w.b. to a final moisture of 9.09% w.b. for 15 h in the dryer. In this communication, mathematical modelling and environmental analysis were done for tomato flakes drying in the designed dryer. In the environmental analysis, various environmental and economic parameters have been evaluated, including the payback period by cost, energy payback time (EPBT), embodied energy, CO2 emission and the earned carbon credit. Seven existing drying kinetics models have been applied and one mathematical model has been proposed. The coefficient of determination for the proposed model is 0.9985, which is higher than all other existing models. The payback period by the cost of the dryer is only 1.9 years. The embodied energy of the dryer is 628.7287 kWh. The EPBT is only 1.14 year, and CO2 emission per year is 17.6 kg per year. The net CO2 emission is 38.06 tonnes and the earned carbon credit varies from 12,561.70 INR to 50,245.49 INR during its lifespan. The nutrient content of the dried tomato – in the dryer as well as in open sun drying – was examined. Tomato dried in the dryer was found to have more nutrient content than with open sun drying. The total experimental uncertainty is 23.41%.

scholarly journals An overview on green house gas emission characteristics and energy evaluation of ocean energy systems from life cycle assessment and energy accounting studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashish Banerjee ◽  
L. Duckers ◽  
R. E Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Green House ◽  
Energy Payback ◽  
Energy Accounting

An analysis has been made as regards emission characteristics of ocean energy systems from life cycle assessment and scope of energy availability from energy accounting studies. Assessment tools developed and standardized were the indices like scope of Green house gases (GHG) emission per kWh power generation, percentage of CO2 saved compared to coal fired power station and the energy payback period. Emission characteristics of ocean energy systems were also compared with that from solar power, bio-fuels and wind energy systems. Four case studies were made comprising of wave energy converters, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) system and tidal energy. It could be observed that CO2 emission percentage saved from ocean energy schemes were more than 95 per cent; and energy payback period varied between one year and a little higher than two years, depending on the type of the device.

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