scholarly journals Wind Power Generator Embodied Energy Payback Analysis for Rural Area in Paraná-Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Amauri Ghellere Garcia Miranda ◽  
Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza ◽  
Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Natalia Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Energy Payback ◽  
Wind Power Generator

Over the last decades, wind energy has been named as a clean method to generate electrical power. But, to claim this argument many aspects must be evaluated. On one hand, wind power, as an electrical energy source, generates minimum environmental impact when in operation. On the other side, the material extraction for the manufacturing process does create environmental impact and require electrical energy usage. Therefore, when claiming the sustainability of wind power, as a method of electrical power generation, many aspects must be evaluated, such as the Life Cycle Analysis of the turbine. This study has been taken to evaluate the energy cost and its payback period off the wind power turbine S-600, manufactured by Greatwatt, has being evaluated. This evaluation has covered the embodied energy in the gross material present on the final product and its energetic payback period, for the specific case of working in a rural area in the state of Paraná, Brazil. The ISO 14040 methodology, for life cycle analyses, has being applied to estimate the embodied energy in the gross material present on the generator. The annual average energetic production estimation has considered 4 cases, varying the voltage output and hub height, and the nominal capacity, claimed by the manufacturing company. To assess the embodied energy payback period, the theoretical generation capacity has been estimated. Thus, by this analysis, this article has concluded that the embodied energy in the gross material is 803.39MJ. The energetic payback period for this product, at 10 meters hub height, is 11.6 months, if operating on 12 V, and 12.6 months, if operation on 24 V. Furthermore, in the situation of installed at 30 meters from the ground, the energy payback period drops down to 5.3 and 5.5 months, operating on 12 or 24 V respectively. In the situation of nominal generation, the energetic payback period would dropdown to 4.6 and 3.1 months, operating on 12 or 24 V respectively.

scholarly journals A Building Life-Cycle Embodied Performance Index—The Relationship between Embodied Energy, Embodied Carbon and Environmental Impact

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Hu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Building Performance ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Unexplored Area ◽  
Environmental Impact Categories ◽  
Building Life Cycle

Knowledge and research tying the environmental impact and embodied energy together is a largely unexplored area in the building industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the practicality of using the ratio between embodied energy and embodied carbon to measure the building’s impact. This study is based on life-cycle assessment and proposes a new measure: life-cycle embodied performance (LCEP), in order to evaluate building performance. In this project, eight buildings located in the same climate zone with similar construction types are studied to test the proposed method. For each case, the embodied energy intensities and embodied carbon coefficients are calculated, and four environmental impact categories are quantified. The following observations can be drawn from the findings: (a) the ozone depletion potential could be used as an indicator to predict the value of LCEP; (b) the use of embodied energy and embodied carbon independently from each other could lead to incomplete assessments; and (c) the exterior wall system is a common significant factor influencing embodied energy and embodied carbon. The results lead to several conclusions: firstly, the proposed LCEP ratio, between embodied energy and embodied carbon, can serve as a genuine indicator of embodied performance. Secondly, environmental impact categories are not dependent on embodied energy, nor embodied carbon. Rather, they are proportional to LCEP. Lastly, among the different building materials studied, metal and concrete express the highest contribution towards embodied energy and embodied carbon.

Eco-Audit and Environmental Impacts of Products

2016 ◽  
Vol 834 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Cătălin Gheorghiță ◽  
Vlad Gheorghiță
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Water Usage ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Sustainability Criteria ◽  
Life Cycle Stages

Eco-audit is a tool to find the environmental impact of the product across all life cycle stages and for identify the problems in all aspects of a supply chain, from extraction of raw materials to manufacturing, distribution, use and disposal. The purpose of an analysis of a product is to establish the embodied energy, water usage, annual CO2 to atmosphere, carbon foot print, recycle fraction in current supply, toxicity, approximate processing energy and sustainability criteria. Knowledges to guide design decisions are needed to minimize or eliminate adverse eco-impacts. In eco-audit analysis, will be created material charts, processes selection and life cycle analysis allowing alternative design choices to meet the engineering requirements and reduce the environmental impact. The application presented in this paper uses only environmentally friendly properties of Ashby's database.

Multi-Objective Economic Emission Load Dispatch Solution Using Evolutionary Algorithm with and without Considering Wind Power Penetration and Valve Point Effect

2014 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
K. Thenmalar ◽  
S. Ramesh ◽  
K.S. Anuja
Keyword(s):  
Quadratic Programming ◽  
Power System ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Bacterial Foraging Optimization ◽  
Multi Objective

The electrical power system is considered as the most complex man-made systems mainly due to their wide geographical coverage. Electrical energy industries contributes environmental pollution which rise questions concern environmental protection and methods of eliminating or reducing pollution from power plants either by design or by operational strategies. Electric power plants are mainly aimed to operate al low fuel cost strategies .In this paper a Multi –Objective Economic Emission Load Dispatch problem is solved to minimize the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) , oxides of other fuels that release during generation of electricity and fuel cost considering both Thermal generators and Wind turbines. A large number of iterations and oscillation are those of the major concern in solving the economic load dispatch problem by using the BFO(bacterial foraging optimization) method. By applying BFO method the economic dispatch problem is optimized to minimize the total generation cost of a power system while satisfying various equality and inequality constraints. The effect of Wind power on overall emission is also investigated here using Quadratic programming by wolf’s method. This method has better convergence characteristic. Wolf’s method is an extended simplex procedure which can be applied to Quadratic programming problems in which all the problem variables are non-negative.

scholarly journals Integrating Wind Electrical Energy for the Marine Electrical Power System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4413-4418
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
Bus System

Utilization of renewable energy for the reduction of fuel consumption and green house gas (GHG) emissions in the shipping industry has been increased rapidly in the recent years. Wind energy is a clean renewable energy with no pollution which is abundantly available at sea. This paper proposes two different possible configurations of connecting wind power energy into the ship’s main grid bus system . Wind electrical energy output has been connected to ship’s main ac bus system in one configuration and it is connected to ship’s main dc bus system. Even though Wind assisted ship propulsion (WASP) had been started already in the last decades in the form of wing sails, kites, Flettener rotor etc which could assist auxiliary propulsion of the ships, the application of wind power generator on the ship is not often applied. Therefore this paper has a relevant significance in applying wind electrical energy for the marine electrical power system needs. This paper also reveals the benefits and challenges in the area of onboard wind generation and opens future research possibilities in integrating wind energy into marine industry.

scholarly journals Potential of Micro Hydroelectric Generator Embedded at 30,000 PE Effluent Discharge of Sewerage Treatment Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 02037 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Che Munaaim ◽  
N. Razali ◽  
A. Ayob ◽  
N. Hamidin ◽  
M.A. Othuman Mydin
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Flowing Water ◽  
Hydroelectric Generator ◽  
Effluent Discharge

A micro hydroelectric generator is an energy conversion approach to generate electricity from potential (motion) energy to an electrical energy. In this research, it is desired to be implemented by using a micro hydroelectric generator which is desired to be embedded at the continuous flow of effluent discharge point of domestic sewerage treatment plant (STP). This research evaluates the potential of electricity generation from micro hydroelectric generator attached to 30,000 PE sewerage treatment plant. The power output obtained from calculation of electrical power conversion is used to identify the possibility of this system and its ability to provide electrical energy, which can minimize the cost of electric bill especially for the pumping system. The overview of this system on the practical application with the consideration of payback period is summarized. The ultimate aim of the whole application is to have a self-ecosystem electrical power generated for the internal use of STP by using its own flowing water in supporting the sustainable engineering towards renewable energy and energy efficient approach. The results shows that the output power obtained is lower than expected output power (12 kW) and fall beyond of the range of a micro hydro power (5kW - 100kW) since it is only generating 1.58 kW energy by calculation. It is also observed that the estimated payback period is longer which i.e 7 years to recoup the return of investment. A range of head from 4.5 m and above for the case where the flow shall at least have maintained at 0.05 m3/s in the selected plant in order to achieved a feasible power output. In conclusion, wastewater treatment process involves the flowing water (potential energy) especially at the effluent discharge point of STP is possibly harvested for electricity generation by embedding the micro hydroelectric generator. However, the selection of STP needs to have minimum 4.5 meter head with 0.05 m3/s of continuously flowing water to make it feasible to harvest.

A Review of the Application of LCA for Sustainable Buildings in Asia

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 1597-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Faiz Abd Rashid ◽  
Sumiani Yusoff ◽  
Noorsaidi Mahat
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Sustainable Buildings ◽  
Iso 14040 ◽  
Operational Phase

The introduction of life cycle assessment (LCA) to the building industry is important due to its ability to systematically quantify every environmental impact involved in every process from cradle to grave. Within the last two decades, research on LCA has increased considerably covering from manufacturing of building materials and construction processes. However, the LCA application for buildings in Asia are limited and fragmented due to different research objectives, type of buildings and locations. This paper has attempted to collect and review the application of LCA in the building industry in Asia from the selected publications over the last 12 years, from 2001 to 2012. The result shows that most LCA research basic methodology is based on International Organization of Standardization (ISO) 14040 series but with variance. It is found that the operational phase consume highest energy and concrete responsible for the highest total embodied energy and environmental impact. It also suggested that building material with low initial embodied energy does not necessarily have low life cycle energy. Overall, findings from LCA studies can help to make informed decisions in terms of environmental impact and help realizing sustainable buildings in the future.

Wind Power Micro-Generator Using Dielectric Electric Active Polymer

2011 ◽  
Vol 328-330 ◽  
pp. 1491-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Juan Lin ◽  
Xin Bo Zhang ◽  
De Chao Song
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Piezoelectric Polymer ◽  
Wind Power Generator ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Compliant Electrode

Wind power is emerging as a particularly attractive form of renewable energy. Dielectric Electric Active Polymers (DEAP) has shown great potential as actuator materials. Their predomination has been shown to operate in transforming mechani­cal to electrical energy in a generator mode. This work investigates the principle of wind power dielectric electro active polymer generator, simulation and experimental verification of the phenomenon. Dielectric Electro Active Polymer have proved to provide electrical energy with density as high as 1.5J.g-1.This value is very important compared to the density available with piezoelectric polymer (0.3J.g-1). The prototype has been set up on the DEAP wind power generator in the article. It is a membrane with an area of 1.5 m2 and 30μm in thickness, which is fabricated by Danfoss PolyPower A/S using smart compliant electrode technology in conjunction with a silicone elastomer. In the last part of this article, experimental results are detailed with our prototype for wind application.

scholarly journals Analysis and Assessment of the Building Life Cycle. Indicators and Tools for the Early Design Stage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6467
Author(s):  
Roberto Giordano ◽  
Federica Gallina ◽  
Benedetta Quaglio
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Construction is a crucial sector in terms of worldwide environmental impacts. Building material production along with transport and demolition are no exception, because in the last decades, they have constantly increased their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Actions and initiatives are therefore important to tackle the relationship between buildings and climate change. Particularly, it is necessary to develop Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools useful to calculate the environmental impact of buildings and to make them accessible to designers and stakeholders acting in the building sector. The article aims to contribute to the international debate about environmental assessment indicators for buildings and the simplified LCA based tools. The Embodied Energy (EE) and the Embodied Carbon (EC) have been investigated. The former, related to primary energy content; the latter, associated with the equivalent carbon dioxide emissions. EE and EC have been used as indicators for the development of a calculation tool named EURECA, for assessing the environmental impact of the building over its life cycle, as defined by the EN 15978:2011 standard. The Solar Decathlon Latin America and Caribbean’s house designed and built by an international academic team has been an opportunity to check the indicators and the tool’s effectiveness.

Analyzing the environmental sustainability of primary schools’ facades within the scope of life cycle assessment in Turkey and recommendations for improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cagla Keles ◽  
Fatih Yazicioglu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the sustainability conditions of primary schools in Turkey within the scope of the life cycle assessment (LCA). It is aimed to develop optimum alternatives to reduce the environmental impact of primary schools and reach environmental sustainability targets of the sustainable development goals in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachFrom the construction project of 103 buildings located in Istanbul, 10 case buildings with various typical plans were chosen for analysis. The results regarding their life cycle energy and carbon emission for material production, operation and maintenance stages were calculated for a lifespan of 50 years. Results were evaluated and compared within the scope of environmental sustainability. Optimum alternatives for improving the environmental sustainability and performances of selected case buildings’ facades were developed, and the life cycle energy and carbon emission for proposed conditions were calculated. The obtained results were evaluated for current and proposed conditions.FindingsResults showed that reinforced concrete material contributes the most to the life cycle-embodied energy and CO2 emission of buildings. Cooling load increases the life cycle operational energy (LCOE) and CO2 emission of buildings. Using high-performance glazing significantly reduces LCOE and CO2 emission. Recycled and fiber-based materials have significant potential for reducing life cycle-embodied energy and CO2 emission.Originality/valueThis study has been developed in response to achieving sustainable development targets on public buildings in Turkey. In this regard, external walls of primary schools were analyzed within the scope of LCA and recommendations were made to contribute to the policies and regulations requested by the Government of Turkey. This study proves that alternative and novel materials have great potential for achieving sustainable public buildings. The study answers to questions about reducing the environmental impact of primary school buildings by using LCA approach with a holistic point of view.

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