Teardown Index

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-101
Author(s):  
Joseph Dahmen ◽  
Jens von Bergmann ◽  
Misha Das
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Single Family ◽  
New Construction ◽  
New Buildings

Replacing older homes with new ones constructed to higher efficiency standards is one way to raise the operating efficiency of building stocks. However, new buildings require large amounts of embodied energy to construct, and it can take years before more efficient operations offset carbon emissions associated with new construction. This chapter looks at the carbon dioxide emission payback period of newly constructed, efficient single-family homes in Vancouver, British Columbia, where the authors find that it takes over 150 years for the operation to equal the embodied carbon associated with the of a typical high-efficiency new home. The findings suggest that current policies aimed at reducing emissions by replacing older homes with new high-efficiency buildings should be reconsidered.

scholarly journals Forecasting Carbon Emissions with Dynamic Model Averaging Approach: Time-Varying Evidence from China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Siqi Xu ◽  
Yifeng Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Dynamic Model Averaging

Although energy-related factors, such as energy intensity and energy consumption, are well recognized as major drivers of carbon dioxide emission in China, little is known about the time-varying impacts of other macrolevel nonenergy factors on carbon emission, especially those from macroeconomic, financial, household, and technology progress indicators in China. This paper contributes to the literature by investigating the time-varying predictive ability of 15 macrolevel indicators for China’s carbon dioxide emission from 1982 to 2017 with a dynamic model averaging (DMA) method. The empirical results show that, firstly, the explanatory power of each nonenergy predictor changes significantly with time and no predictor has a stable positive/negative impact on China’s carbon emissions throughout the whole sample period. Secondly, all these predictors present a distinct predictive ability for carbon emission in China. The proportion of industry production in GDP (IP) shows the greatest predictive power, while the proportion of FDI in GDP has the smallest forecasting ability. Interestingly, those Chinese household features, such as Engel’s coefficient and household savings rate, play very important roles in the prediction of China’s carbon emission. In addition, we find that IP are losing its predictive power in recent years, while the proportion of value-added of the service sector in GDP presents not only a leading forecasting weight, but a continuous increasing prediction power in recent years. Finally, the dynamic model averaging (DMA) method can produce the most accurate forecasts of carbon emission in China compared to other commonly used forecasting methods.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE RES MICROINSTALLATIONS IN SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSES ON CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION REDUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (5) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Siudek ◽  
Anna M. Klepacka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Average Area ◽  
Family Housing ◽  
Annual Reduction

The article is an attempt to estimate the potential of reduction carbon dioxide emissions using microinstallation of renewable energy sources (RES) in single-family housing. Based on the energy demand of the building, statistical data including the average number of single-family buildings built per year and the average area of a single-family building, the forecasted national annual reduction of carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the implementation of microinstallations in single-family buildings was calculated. The research results indicated an annual reduction of carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the use of selected RES microinstallations only in the single-family housing sector at the level of 230,000 t/year.

scholarly journals An outline economic strategy for Indonesia to sustainably meet its electricity and carbon emissions targets

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Les Duckers ◽  
Uswatun Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
Electrical Generation

Aim:  In this paper we demonstrate an outline strategy for Indonesia to move its electrical generation from fossil fuels to renewable sources in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions whilst avoiding excessive costs. The modelling here is based on assumed present fossil fuel generating plants.Design / Research methods:  We have modelled a representative electrical generation system based on burning coal, oil and gas, and by replacing retiring stations with photovoltaic cells and wind turbines we have considered the cost and carbon dioxide implications over a 30 year period. Additionally the modelling is extended to increasing the Indonesian installed electrical capacity.Conclusions / findings:  The results show that Indonesia could meet its carbon dioxide emission reduction targets in an economic way by a phased strategy of introducing renewable energy sources. These results are preliminary and will be refined in a future article where we will include the detail of actual existing power stations, with their capacity and anticipated end of life date.Originality / values of the article: There has been, and continues to be, a general resistance to the adoption of renewable energy. This paper shows  the economic benefit that accompanies carbon dioxide reduction thus presents a new aspect to the consideration of carbon reduction, Implications of the research:Indonesia faces difficulties in providing electricity whilst meeting its climate change obligations. This research points to a viable economic strategy which may not only meet those obligations, but actually increase electrical provision across the country.Key words:  Sustainable development, climate change, carbon emissions, renewable energy JEL: C51,L94,Q01,Q42 Doi:

Study of Aircraft Carbon Dioxide Emission Standards

2014 ◽  
Vol 668-669 ◽  
pp. 1517-1520
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Yan ◽  
Shu Xun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Aviation Emissions

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is building a carbon dioxide standard for aircraft emissions. The CO2 standard is planning to be carried out by 2016 as the aviation emissions airworthiness standards, which will immediately influences the aircraft airworthiness certification. In this paper, the main context of the carbon dioxide standard for aircraft, basis for the establishment and metrics were studied. In addition, the metric system, the key point of CO2 emissions standards, has also been explained. Moreover, the implementation and criteria of the metric system was presented through computing and analyzing of the active-duty models. As a result, the CO2 emissions standard is aiming at improve the fuel efficiency and operational efficiency, which effectively reduce carbon emissions.

Effect of Utilizing Different Building's Roof Material on Rainwater Harvesting System’s Payback Period, Water and Energy Savings, and Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 593-598
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shakir Nasif ◽  
Rozanna Roslan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Roof Material ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Concrete Tank ◽  
Roofing Materials

This study aims to investigate the effect of using different roofing materials in office building on rainwater harvesting system annual energy savings and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction which relates to the payback period. This paper includes modelling of different rain water harvesting concrete tank sizes for an office building which is used to supply water for toilet flushing and irrigation purposes. It is found that the optimized roof material for the catchment area is slate tiles with a 0.9 run-off coefficient. A total of 2870 MJ of energy can be saved and 830 kg of CO2 can be reduced annually with a payback period of 20 years, using a 32 m3 concrete tank.

scholarly journals Dynamic relationship between urban carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Dynamic Relationship

<p>Urban economic development cannot be separated from energy consumption, and energy consumption directly leads to a large number of carbon emissions. It is of great significance to study the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth for the implementation of energy conservation, emission reduction and the development of low-carbon economy in cities. A new method of dynamic relationship between urban carbon dioxide emission and economic growth is put forward. The carbon dioxide emission data in cities are calculated by using urban carbon dioxide emission measurement method. The data of economic attributes are obtained by using classification algorithm under uncertain data flow environment. Based on this data, a decoupling model of carbon emission and economic growth is constructed to measure economic growth elasticity of urban carbon emissions; Granger causality test model is established to analyze the Granger causality between urban carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth. The experimental results show that the growth rate of urban economy is obviously faster than that of carbon emissions. Economic growth is the Granger causality of carbon dioxide emissions. On the contrary, the implementation of carbon emission reduction measures will not hinder economic growth.</p>

scholarly journals Time-Based Trend of Carbon Emissions in the Composting Process of Swine Manure in the Context of Agriculture 4.0

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Ho Huh ◽  
Ki-Youn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Composting Facility ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The widespread raising of swine in farms becomes a serious problem in terms of the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). This study aims to measure concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane, which account for the largest percentage of carbon emissions, to temporally estimate the carbon emitted during the pig-manure composting process. The research subject was a farmhouse raising 3000 growing pigs and 100 mother pigs. The capacity of the composting facility for pig manure treatment was 330 m2, and the daily treatment was about 6 tons. After the pig manure discharged from the pig farm was delivered to the composting facility, for the 8 days including 6 before mixing and 2 after mixing, the concentrations of CO2 and CH4 were measured. The result shows that the CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the composting facility were 1208 ± 385 ppm and 95 ± 10 ppm, respectively. In the comparison of concentrations before and after mixing at the composting facility, the values of both CO2 and CH4 increased, and the temperature increased as well. The concentration of CO2 and CH4 increased to 499 ± 103 ppm and 3 ± 11 ppm, respectively, and the temperature rose by 3.7 ± 1.0 °C and 1.6 ± 2.4 °C, respectively. In the correlation analysis (r = 0, p < 0.05), the carbon dioxide emission in the composting process was 15.564 ± 3.671 tons C/year, whereas carbon emission was 1.379 ± 0.147 tons C/year. The concentrations of CO2 and methane, which are the current major atmospheric pollution sources, were respectively analyzed during the pig-manure composting process in this study to understand their effects. Thus, this paper attempts to elucidate the carbon cycle by measuring and analyzing the carbon data obtained from livestock excretions to secure a supply chain based on the intelligent use of the data.

The carbon dioxide emission effects of domestic credit and manufacturing indicators in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1531-1548
Author(s):  
Paul Adjei Kwakwa ◽  
Frank Adusah-Poku
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Domestic Credit

PurposeCarbon dioxide emission is one of the key causes of global warming and climate change. This study investigates the effects of domestic credit and manufacturing indicators on the emission of carbon dioxide in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThe paper relied on time series data from 1975 to 2014 and employed regression and variance decomposition methods to analyze the data.FindingsIn the long run, manufacturing output increases total carbon emissions and emissions from solid fuel; manufactures trade reduces carbon emissions and domestic credit reduces emissions from the manufacturing industries and construction. The long-run effect of the changing technical characteristics of the manufacturing sector is sensitive to the estimation technique used. In the short run, however, changing technical characteristics of the manufacturing sector affect the level of carbon emissions. Income increases emissions from manufacturing industries and construction and urbanization increases total carbon emissions.Research limitations/implicationsPolicymakers have to initiate effective policies to promote energy-efficient technologies among manufacturing firms.Originality/valueThe paper examines the effect of manufacturing on carbon dioxide emissions in South Africa. It also examines the possible effect of manufactures trade on carbon emissions. Moreover, the possible effect of the changing characteristics of the manufacturing sector on carbon emissions is investigated.

scholarly journals Intellectual Tool to Compute Embodied Energy and Carbon Dioxide Emission for Building Construction Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 1950 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
Abhilash Mukherjee ◽  
Sumit ◽  
Deepmala ◽  
Vishal Kumar Dhiman ◽  
Prateek Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Embodied Energy

scholarly journals The impact of socio-economic institutional change on agricultural carbon dioxide emission reduction in China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251816
Author(s):  
Deng Jie Long ◽  
Li Tang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
The Impact

With the change of social economic system and the rapid growth of agricultural economy in China, the amount of agricultural energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions has increased dramatically. Based on the estimation of agricultural carbon dioxide emissions from 1991 to 2018 in China, this paper uses EKC model to analyze economic growth and agricultural carbon dioxide emissions. The Kaya method is used to decompose the factors affecting agricultural carbon dioxide emissions. The experimental results show that there is a co-integration relationship between economic growth and the total intensity of agricultural carbon emissions, and between economic growth and the intensity of carbon emissions caused by five types of carbon sources: fertilizer, pesticide, agricultural film, agricultural diesel oil and tillage. Economic growth is the main driving factor of agricultural carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, technological progress has a strong role in promoting carbon emission reduction, but it has a certain randomness. However, the impact of energy consumption structure and population size on carbon emissions is not obvious.

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