Performance of wheat and triticale cultivars in a variable soil—water environment I. Grain yield stability

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Sinha ◽  
P.K. Aggarwal ◽  
G.S. Chaturvedi ◽  
A.K. Singh ◽  
K. Kailasnathan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Yield Stability

INFLUENCE OF CROP WATER ENVIRONMENT AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION ON GRAIN YIELD OF NO-TILL WINTER WHEAT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. ENTZ ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
No Till ◽  
Use Efficiency

The influence of crop water environment on the productivity of no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Norstar’) was observed for 17 site-years of trials in Saskatchewan between 1984 and 1986. Growing season precipitation (P) averaged 212 mm (approximately 120% of average) and pan evaporation (E) averaged 749 mm for these trials. Precipitation was approximately evenly distributed across the growing season while E increased from a low of 6.5 mm d−1 in early May to a high of 8.3 mm d−1 immediately after anthesis. Consequently, water stress was highest after anthesis. Total evapotranspiration (ET) (soil water use to 130 cm plus growing season P) ranged from 171 to 364 mm and approximately 20% of the ET was derived from soil water reserves. The average ratio of ET before and after anthesis was 1:7:1 and in many instances water utilized after anthesis was almost exclusively derived from intermittent rainfall events. Several yield-water models were fit to the data in order to establish a relationship between the crop water environment and grain yield. Yields ranged from 1316 to 5003 kg ha−1 and were most closely associated with the water environment (soil water, E and P) during the time from stem elongation to anthesis (r2 = 0.71). Water use efficiency, expressed as kg ha−1 grain yield divided by ET, ranged from 6.3 to 18.8 kg ha−1 mm−1 and was positively correlated with spikes m−2 (r = 0.59*), kernel weight (r = 0.73**), dry matter at anthesis (r = 0.84**), and negatively correlated with E during the 30 days prior to anthesis (r = 0.75**). Both dry matter at anthesis and dry matter at maturity were linearly correlated with grain yield (r = 0.85** and 0.92**, respectively). Both observations suggested that high grain yields required high dry matter yields.Key words: Wheat (winter), precipitation, evaporation, soil water, water use efficiency, models

G × E interaction studies in relation to heterosis and stability of grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sumalini ◽  
T. Pradeep ◽  
D. Sravani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Dominant Effect ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Classes ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
Comparative Stability ◽  
Potential Use

Interaction of homozygous inbreds and heterozygous single, three way and double crosses with environment had shown a differential response in achieving yield stability. Seven diverse maize inbreds, their 21 single crosses and 105 each of three way and double crosses obtained through diallel were evaluated for twelve characters across three diverse locations to estimate comparative stability of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes for grain yield. Contrasts in heterobeltiosis, combining ability and stability parameters in three environments and interaction effects were observed. Gain in heterobeltiosis (%) for grain yield was observed with decreased environmental quality in different hybrid classes suggesting that heterozygous hybrids are more stable due to individual buffering in single crosses and both individual and population buffering in case of three way and double crosses. Significant increase in SCA effects was observed in moderate environment at Hyderabad rather than at high yielding environment Palem. Significant G × E and Environment (linear) in all the crosses was observed for grain yield suggesting the effect of environment and its pre dominant effect on grain yield. Stability of hybrids was attributed to their superior performance over the parents in low yielding environment. Thus the potential use of selected heterozygous hybrids would allow under diverse environments is suggested to mitigate losses arising out of climate change.

scholarly journals Release of 19 Waxy Winter Wheat Germplasm, with Observations on Their Grain Yield Stability

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Graybosch ◽  
P. S. Baenziger ◽  
R. L. Bowden ◽  
F. Dowell ◽  
L. Dykes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Wheat Germplasm

scholarly journals Electrical resistivity methods for landfill monitoring

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
Łukasz Zawadzki ◽  
Dorota Wychowaniak ◽  
Mariusz Lech
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Geophysical Methods ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Resistivity Measurements

Abstract Every single investment affects the natural environment, and that is why it is so important to eliminate nuisance it could cause. Extremely harmful effect on environment or human health could be expected from waste treatment facilities. One of the kinds of contamination which is a real threat to soil and water environment are leachates from landfills. They contain random chemical composition and can migrate from landfill through soil water flux leading to environmental pollution and degradation of groundwater. This paper focuses on the use of geophysical methods to assess migration of pollutants from the landfill through the subsoil. The laboratory tests of solute transport have been conducted on three soil samples from Łubna site to simulate the contamination flow. Migration of leachates through soil samples was controlled using the column test and electrical resistivity measurements which allow to com pare the results obtained with the standard column test method and electrical resistivity measurements. It leads to the conclusion that electrical resistivity methods for contamination transport monitoring in soil–water systems are suitable. Furthermore, field electrical resistivity tomography have been used for monitoring of the vertical sealing system in Łubna landfill.

scholarly journals A semi-quantitative approach for modelling crop response to soil fertility: evaluation of the AquaCrop procedure

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. VAN GAELEN ◽  
A. TSEGAY ◽  
N. DELBECQUE ◽  
N. SHRESTHA ◽  
M. GARCIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Aquacrop Model

SUMMARYMost crop models make use of a nutrient-balance approach for modelling crop response to soil fertility. To counter the vast input data requirements that are typical of these models, the crop water productivity model AquaCrop adopts a semi-quantitative approach. Instead of providing nutrient levels, users of the model provide the soil fertility level as a model input. This level is expressed in terms of the expected impact on crop biomass production, which can be observed in the field or obtained from statistics of agricultural production. The present study is the first to describe extensively, and to calibrate and evaluate, the semi-quantitative approach of the AquaCrop model, which simulates the effect of soil fertility stress on crop production as a combination of slower canopy expansion, reduced maximum canopy cover, early decline in canopy cover and lower biomass water productivity. AquaCrop's fertility response algorithms are evaluated here against field experiments with tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) in Ethiopia, with maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Nepal, and with quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in Bolivia. It is demonstrated that AquaCrop is able to simulate the soil water content in the root zone, and the crop's canopy development, dry above-ground biomass development, final biomass and grain yield, under different soil fertility levels, for all four crops. Under combined soil water stress and soil fertility stress, the model predicts final grain yield with a relative root-mean-square error of only 11–13% for maize, wheat and quinoa, and 34% for tef. The present study shows that the semi-quantitative soil fertility approach of the AquaCrop model performs well and that the model can be applied, after case-specific calibration, to the simulation of crop production under different levels of soil fertility stress for various environmental conditions, without requiring detailed field observations on soil nutrient content.

Response of wheat to single short-term waterlogging during and after stem elongation

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Meyer ◽  
HD Barrs
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Short Term

Transient waterlogging associated with spring irrigations on slowly draining soils causes yield reduction in irrigated wheat. Physiological responses to short-term flooding are not well understood. The aim of this experiment was to monitor above- and below-ground responses of wheat to single waterlogging events during and after stem elongation and to assess the sensitivity of the crop at these growth stages to flooding. Wheat (cv. Bindawarra) was grown in drainage lysimeters of undisturbed cores of Marah clay loam soil. A control treatment (F0) was well-watered throughout the season without surface flooding, while three others were flooded for 96 h at stem elongation (Fl), flag leaf emergence (F2) and anthesis (F3), respectively. Soil water content, soil O2, root length density, leaf and stem growth, apparent photosynthesis (APS), plant nutrient status and grain yield were measured. Soil water content increased and soil O2 levels decreased following flooding; the rate of soil O2 depletion increasing with crop age and root length. Leaf and stem growth and APS increased immediately following flooding, the magnitude of the increases was in the order F1 >F2>F3. A similar order existed in the effect of flooding which decreased the number of roots. Subsequently, leaf and stem growth decreased below that of F0 plants in F1, and briefly in F2. Decreases in APS of treated plants compared to F0 plants appeared to be due to their greater sensitivity to soil water deficit. There was no effect of flooding on grain yield. It is suggested that, while plant sensitivity to flooding decreased with age, flooding at stem elongation had no lasting detrimental effect on yield when post-flood watering was well controlled.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document