Post-mortem changes in skeletal muscle protease and creatine phosphokinase activity — A possible marker for determination of time of death

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mayer ◽  
B. Neufeld
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem

scholarly journals Application of research in the field of forensic entomology for determining the time of death in dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
PIOTR LISTOS ◽  
MAGDALENA GRYZIŃSKA ◽  
JUSTYNA BATKOWSKA ◽  
MAŁGORZATA DYLEWSKA ◽  
KATARZYNA CZEPIEL-MIL
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Main Experiment ◽  
Ambient Conditions

Precisely determined time of death is one of the most important pieces of information obtained during a post-mortem investigation. There are several traditional methods for determining time of death, the most important of which are evaluation of early post-mortem changes, such as the change in body temperature. The study was aimed at identifying insects collected from the body and establishing the time of death by observing the developmental cycle of the indicator species Calliphora vicina. The material for the main experiment was the carcass of a dog. The length of the developmental cycles of insects depends on ambient conditions, so studies should take as many criteria as possible into account. Succession of arthropods, as well as the species composition and indicator insects of particular stages of decomposition, is very similar in human and animal carcasses. The results obtained were considered with respect to the time that had passed since the death of the animal. Experiments on dog carcasses may in the future contribute to the development of research enabling determination of the time of death of animals, which is a subject of increasing interest in forensic veterinary medicine....

scholarly journals Determination of the time of death of dogs using atropine and pilocarpine in the early post-mortem period – an assessment of the usefulness of the method

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (07) ◽  
pp. 6546-2021
Author(s):  
KINGA PANASIUK-FLAK ◽  
MAŁGORZATA GRELA ◽  
PIOTR LISTOS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Research Material

To determine the time of death in the early post-mortem period, i.e. up to a few hours or a few days, methods involving measurement of body temperature and observations of supravital reactions are used. One of the most promising methods is measurement of the reactivity of the pupil under the influence of substances such as those used in this study, atropine and pilocarpine. The research material was two groups of dogs, one with body weight over 40 kg and another under 10 kg, whose time of death was known. At 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes post-mortem, atropine or pilocarpine drops were placed in the conjunctival sac and the change in pupil diameter was measured. The study clearly showed that the method is useful in forensic estimation of the time of death of an animal. In order to verify the reliability of the method, there is a need for further study.

scholarly journals ULTRASOUND STANDARDS FOR ANTENATAL FETAL DEATH

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
V. F. Bezhenar ◽  
L. A. Ivanova ◽  
N. V. Belitchenko
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Fetal Heart ◽  
Developmental Defect ◽  
Intrauterine Death ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion ◽  
Possible Cause

Antenatal death is the cessation of fetal heart contractions during pregnancy for more than 22 weeks prior to the onset of labor. Objective: to evaluate the capabilities of the method of ultrasound in antenatal fetal death. Tasks of ultrasound in the presence of a dead fetus: a statement of his death; determining the position, presentation, size, estimated fetal weight and gestational age; detection of congenital malformations (CM) and possible causes of death; clarification of the statute of limitations of death. We have analyzed 126 standard ultrasound protocols of pregnant women with antenatal fetal death. Ascertaining the cessation of heart contractions and determining the location of the fetus present no difficulties for the ultrasound doctor. The assessment of the conformity of the size of the fetus to the gestational period during antenatal death is better determined by measuring the diaphysis of the long bones. Head sizes are used only when it is possible to clearly assess the typical structures of a biparietal slice. The determination of the estimated mass of the fetus is difficult due to autolytic changes and, usually, lack of water. The diagnosis of CM, first established after ascertaining antenatal fetal death, should cause the doctor to doubt that it is in front of us — a developmental defect, as a possible cause of intrauterine death or post-mortem changes that depend on previous intravital changes, cause and duration of death. The article describes the dynamics of the appearance of post-mortem changes. Conclusions: with antenatal fetal death, it is impractical to determine the expected mass of the fetus, it is preferable to estimate the period of probable cessation of development from the measurement of long tubular bones; during an ultrasound of the deceased fetus, it is often impossible to reliably determine the presence/absence of CM and the exact time of death; change in the amount of amniotic fluid is not a reliable diagnostic criterion for the duration of death.

scholarly journals Assessment of temperature changes in carcasses in the early post-mortem period using the spectrum of a thermal imaging camera

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (05) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
PIOTR LISTOS ◽  
MAGDALENA GRYZIŃSKA ◽  
KINGA PANASIUK-FLAK ◽  
MARZANNA CIESIELKA ◽  
GRZEGORZ TERESIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Thermal Imaging Camera ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Imaging Camera

Precise determination of the time of death of a human being or animal is extremely important for investigations by law enforcement agencies. The aim of the study was to use a thermal imaging camera for imaging of the cooling of dog carcasses in controlled conditions, as a practical application of thermal imaging in veterinary forensics for the purpose of establishing the time of death of an animal, as well as to compare the usefulness of this method with that of the currently used Henssge nomogram. A thermographic technique exploiting infrared radiation was used in the study. The research material was 10 dog carcasses (5 female and 5 male) aged 6 to 16 years, with body weight from 23 to 36 kg. Thermal imaging of a carcass in combination with other methods, such as measurement of internal body temperature and analysis of post-mortem changes, enables reliable determination of the time of death of an animal, which is often of fundamental importance in veterinary forensic practice.

Determination of the Time of Death by Continuous Post-Mortem Temperature Measurements

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørn Simonsen ◽  
Jorgen Voigt ◽  
Niels Jeppesen
Keyword(s):  
Brain Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Brain

In 20 cases with known times of death continuous post-mortem measurements of the temperature fall in brain, calf, liver, axilla and rectum of the bodies have been made, and, in addition, the environmental temperature has been recorded. The observations were not made under standardized conditions, and the clothing of the bodies was left untouched as far as possible. The measurements of the brain temperatures have given the greatest accuracy in determining the time of death; for temperatures above 25 °C the uncertainty was of the order of magnitude of ±2 1/2 hours, at lower temperatures greater. The other sites of measurement permitted less reliable estimates of the post-mortem time, but none of them were found to be appropriate beyond 20 hours after death. There is one factor which cannot be calculated. It is the temperature at the moment of death. All investigations show that it may vary enormously. In the present study the difference between the maximum and the minimum starting temperature ranges between 5 °C and 8 °C, dependent on the site of measurement. As the fall in temperature—irrespective of the site of measurement—during the first few hours post mortem is of the magnitude of 1 °C per hour, the above variation gives an inaccuracy which by far exceeds what can be achieved of greater accuracy by the aid of brain temperature measurements. For this reason the authors feel justified in concluding that the determination of the time of death will always be encumbered with great uncertainty, but that the most reliable estimate within the first 20 hours after death can be based upon the measurement of the brain temperature associated with an evaluation of the development of the signs of death. None of the other methods tested so far appears to have offered a greater reliability.

Determination of the fluorescence intensity of coenzymes NADH and FAD in the skeletal muscle of the rat depending on the post-mortem interval

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
A. S. Babkina ◽  
D. V. Sundukov ◽  
A. M. Golubev ◽  
I. A. Ryzhkov ◽  
Z. I. Tsokolaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

Post-mortem interval estimative through determination of catalase and Δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activities in hepatic, renal, skeletal muscle and cerebral tissues of Swiss mice

Biomarkers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-483
Author(s):  
Jaini J. Paltian ◽  
Caren A. R. da Fonseca ◽  
Mikaela P. Pinz ◽  
Cristiane Luchese ◽  
Ethel Antunes Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Aminolevulinate Dehydratase

Effect of vitamin E deficiency on creatine phosphokinase of heart and skeletal muscle

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (6) ◽  
pp. 1286-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. Read ◽  
Said Nehorayan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Creatine Phosphokinase ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Vitamin E Deficiency ◽  
Severe Vitamin ◽  
Made In

A quantitative determination of creatine phosphokinase activity of heart and skeletal muscle has been made in early and severe vitamin E deficiency in the rabbit. This study revealed that early vitamin E deficiency resulted in an increase in creatine phosphokinase activity of skeletal muscle but decreased the enzymatic activity of the heart. Severe vitamin E deficiency resulted in a decrease in creatine phosphokinase activity of both skeletal and heart muscle. 17-Hydroxycorticosterone, in small doses, resulted in an increase in enzymatic activity of skeletal muscle but no change in heart muscle. Large doses of 17-hydroxycorticosterone caused a decrease in the creatine phosphokinase activity of both heart and skeletal muscle. Normal male rabbits exhibited a lower enzymatic activity than female animals, a difference which, in part, was due to testosterone.

Determination of Plasminogen in Clots and Thrombi

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 038-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Hedner ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson ◽  
B Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Main Mechanism ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Casein Solution ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe plasminogen content was determined by a casein method in plasma and serum from 20 normal volunteers. The mean plasminogen content was found to be 10.1 ACU (the arbitrary caseinolytic unit defined in such a way that using a 3% casein solution and a digestion time of 20 min. at 37°C, 10 ACU gave an extinction of 0.300). No difference between serum and plasma regarding the plasminogen content was found.Plasminogen was determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from 2 ml plasma. The highest values found in the drained clots were 0.9 ACU/clot and 0.2 ACU/clot in the drained plus washed clots.Plasminogen was also determined in drained and drained plus washed clots prepared from plasma with added purified plasminogen. The plasminogen was recovered in the washing fluid. According to these tests, then, purified added plasminogen is washed out of the clots.The plasminogen content of 20 thrombi obtained post mortem was also determined. The mean value was found to be 0.7 ACU/cm thrombus. Judging from our results, the “intrinsic clot lysis theory” is not the main mechanism of clot dissolution.

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