Comparison of susceptibility to β-lactam antimicrobial agents among bacteria isolated from intensive care units

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl L. Pierson ◽  
Bruce A. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents

scholarly journals Colonization of central venous catheter in the intensive care units at the Institute of Cardiovascular Disease "Dedinje": One year study

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Ivana Cirkovic ◽  
Vera Mijac ◽  
Milena Svabic-Vlahovic ◽  
S. Dukic ◽  
I. Ilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Increased Risk

Objectives: The application of Central Venous Catheters (CVC) is associated with increased risk of microbial colonization and infection. The aim of present study was to assess the frequency of pathogens colonizing CVC and to determine their susceptibility pattern to various antimicrobial agents. Materials and methods: A total of 253 samples of CVC from intensive care units (ICU) patients were received for culture during 2003. All microorganisms were identified by standard microbiological methods and the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined according to NCCLS recommendations. Results: A total of 184 (72.7%) cultures were positive and 223 pathogens were isolated. Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were the dominant isolates (24.7%), followed by Enterobacter spp. (12.1%), Pseudomonas spp. (11.7%), Enterococcus spp. (9.9%), Klebsiella spp. (8.6%), Candida spp. (7.6%), Acinetobacter spp. (7.6%), other Gram negative nonfermentative bacilli (5.8%), Serratia spp. (4.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.6%), Proteus mirabilis (2.2%), E. coli (1.8%) and Citrobacter spp. (0.9%). Meropenem (84.5%) and vancomycin (100%) remain the most effective antimicrobial agents against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, respectively. Conclusion: Gram negative bacilli and CNS are the commonest microorganisms colonizing CVC from ICU patients. The increasing resistance of the bacteria to antimicrobial agents is the major problem in spite of restricted policy of using antimicrobial agents in ICU.

scholarly journals A 5- Year Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections in a University Hospital: A Retrospective Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilknur Erdem ◽  
Ilker Yildirim ◽  
Birol Safak ◽  
Ritvan Karaali ◽  
Berna Erdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Esherichia Coli ◽  
Study Results

Abstract OBJECTIVE: ‘Nosocomial infections’ or ‘healthcare associated infections’ are a significant public health problem around the world. This study aimed to assess the rate of culture confirmed nosocomial infections (NIs), frequency of nosocomial pathogens and the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates in a University Hospital. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of NIs in a tertiary hospital, between the years 2015 and 2019 in Tekirdag, Turkey. RESULTS : During the five years, the overall incidence rates (NI/100) and incidence densities (NI/1000 days of stay) of NIs were 2.04% (range 1.76-2.41/100) and 3.50/1000 patients-days (range 2.85-4.64/1000), respectively. 57.4 % of the infections were originated from the Intensive Care Units. The most common NIs according to the primary sites were bloodstream infections (55.3 %) and, pneumonia (20.4%). 67.5% of the isolated microorganisms as nosocomial agents were Gram negative bacteria, 24.9% of Gram positive bacteria and 7.6 % of candida. The most frequently isolated causative agents were Esherichia coli (16.7%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.7%). The rate of extended spectrum beta-lactamase production among E. coli isolates was 51.1%. Carbapenem resistance was 29.8% among isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 95.1% among isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, 18.2% among isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Colistin resistance was 2.4% among isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Vancomycin resistance was 5.3% among isolates of Enterococci.CONCLUSION: Our study results demonstrates the microorganisms of isolated from Intensive Care Units demonstrates high level resistance to many antimicrobial agents. The rising in incidence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms indicate that more interventions are urgently needed to reduce NIs in our ICUs.

scholarly journals Determination of Colistin and Tigecycline Resistance Profile of Acinetobacter Baumannii Strains from Different Clinical Samples in a Territory Hospital in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merih Şimşek ◽  
Cengiz Demir
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Empirical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Vitek 2

Objective: Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) can develop resistance to various antimicrobial agents via different mechanisms. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate, by using different methods, the resistance profiles of A. baumannii strains isolated from different clinical specimens; from colistin and tigecycline antibiotics, and also the distribution of this resistance according to the clinical samples. Material and Methods: For this study, 1,265 clinical samples (a samples from each patient) were obtained from various clinics, between; January 2015/December 2018. Identification was conducted by VITEK® 2 compact (bioMerieux, USA) and conventional biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by VITEK 2, and the results of colistin and tigecycline were confirmed by E test and the broth microdilution method. Results: A. baumannii strains (1,265) were most frequently isolated from tracheal aspirate, sputum and blood samples. At the same time, strains were obtained from intensive care units (70.4%) as well as other clinics (29.6%). The rates of colistin and tigecycline-resistant strains were determined using VITEK 2, E test and the broth microdilution methods as: 3.0%, 5.7%, 9.0% and 21.7%, 24.5%, 33.0%, respectively. Conclusion: The determination of appropriate antibioticis are important for empirical treatment. Colistin and tigecycline have become prominent as an important, alternative agent in the treatment of A. baumannii-related infections. The results of this study show that colistin and tigecycline resistance rates in intensive care units have been increasing gradually over the years. Monitoring of resistance patterns of nonfermentative bacteria, isolated from intensive care units, is important for the immediate initiation of appropriate empirical treatment. In-vitro studies with A. baumannii strains should also be supported by clinical trials.

scholarly journals Colonization and infection with Enterococcus faecalis in intensive care units: the role of antimicrobial agents

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2783-2786 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Bonten ◽  
C. A. Gaillard ◽  
F. H. van Tiel ◽  
S. van der Geest ◽  
E. E. Stobberingh
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents

scholarly journals BACTERIOPHAGES AS EFFECTIVE ANTIEPIDEMIC AGENTS FOR CONTROL OF HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTION OUTBREAKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
B. I. Aslanov ◽  
A. V. Lubimova ◽  
L. P. Zueva
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Antibiotic resistance threatens the effective prevention and treatment of healthcare associated infections which are the most frequent adverse event in health-care settings worldwide. There is an urgent need to investigate alterative preventive and treatment options while there are still a few antibiotics left. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has been championed as a promising alternative to antibiotics.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a therapeutic bacteriophages to control of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia outbreaks in newborn intensive care units.Materials and methods. Commercial bacteriophage cocktails targeting these paphogens was orally and locally given over 5 days to patients of neonatal intensive care units in Saint-Petersburg, Russia.Results. Bacteriophages were used as antimicrobial agents for control of three S.aureus outbreaks and one K.pneumonia outbreak. S.aureus infection incidence during the three outbreaks were 22.2%, 54.5% and 50.0% accordingly, and K.pneumoniae outbreak – 19.0%. After application of the phage cocktails among newborns, the incidence of infections caused by S.aureus and K. pneumoniae decreased to zero. All treatments were well tolerated. No adverse events were reported.Conclusion. Presented results clearly demonstrate high efficiency of bacteriophages. Phages have several features that make them potentially attractive antibacterial agents. Bacteriopahges are highly specific and very effective in destroying targeted bacteria, have only minimally impact on health-protecting normal flora bacteria, safe and rapidly modifiable to combat the emergence of newly arising bacterial threats.

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