Factors associated with smoking in low-income pregnant women: relationship to birth weight, stressful life events, social support, health behaviors and mental distress

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie C. McCormick ◽  
J. Brooks-Gunn ◽  
Thomasine Shorter ◽  
John H. Holmes ◽  
Claudina Y. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Factors Associated

Case–control study of risk factors for suicide attempts in Isfahan, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parastoo Golshiri ◽  
Mojtaba Akbari ◽  
Abbas Zarei
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Study

Background: Suicide is an important, preventable, public health problem worldwide, caused by the interaction of numerous environmental, biological and psychosocial factors. Aims: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with suicidal attempts in Isfahan, Iran, in 2015. Methods: In this case–control study, 175 cases who committed suicide and were admitted to emergency services were compared with 175 controls selected among outpatients from the same hospital without any history of suicide attempt. Demographic, psychosocial, personality traits, religiosity, coping skills, stressful life events, socioeconomic status and psychiatric distress were compared between groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for suicide. Results: Marital status, education, socioeconomic status, psychological distress, perceived social support, stress coping strategies, personality, religious beliefs, stress life events and general health condition were significantly different between groups. The regression analysis revealed that perceived social support (odds ratio (OR) = 0.962, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.94–0.984), religious beliefs (OR = 0.923, 95% CI: 0.867–0.984) and stressful life event (OR = 1.524, 95% CI: 1.251–1.856) were significantly associated with suicide attempts. Conclusion: Our finding showed that religious beliefs, perceived social support and stressful life events are the main factors associated with suicide attempts. So, positive strategies such as improvements in life skills to control stressful life events, religiosity and perceived social support can be used to control suicide attempts.

scholarly journals Predictors of Prenatal Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rukhsana Khan ◽  
Ahmed Waqas ◽  
Zille Huma Mustehsan ◽  
Amna Saeed Khan ◽  
Siham Sikander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Prenatal Depression ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Personal Factors

Objective: To determine the prevalence and association of prenatal depression with socioeconomic, demographic and personal factors among pregnant women living in Kallar Syedan, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.Methods: Five hundred women in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, living in Kallar Syedan, a rural area of district Rawalpindi Pakistan, were included in the study. Depression was assessed using “Patient health questionnaire” (PHQ9) in Urdu, with a cut-off score of 10. Multi-dimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) was used to assess perceived social support. Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS) were used to measure stressful life events in past 1 year. Tool to assess intimate partner violence (IPV) was based on WHO Multi Country Study on “Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women.”Results: Prevalence of prenatal depression was found to be 27%. Number of pregnancies was significantly associated with prenatal depression (p < 0.01). Women living in a joint family and those who perceived themselves as moderately satisfied or not satisfied with their life in the next 4 years were found to be depressed (p < 0.01, OR 6.9, CI 1.77–26.73). Depressive symptomatology in women who experienced more than five stressful life events in last 1 year was three times higher (p < 0.001, OR 3.2, CI 1.68–5.98) than in women with 1–2 stressful events. Women who were supported by their significant others or their family members had 0.9 times (p < 0.01, OR 0.9, CI 0.85–0.96) less chance of getting depressed. Pregnant women who were psychologically abused by their partners were 1.5 times more depressed (p < 0.05 CI 1.12–2.51). Odds of having depression was also high in women who had less mean score of MSSI (p < 0.05, OR 1.1, CI 1.01–1.09). Women who had suitable accommodation had 0.5 times less chance of having depression than others (p < 0.05, OR 0.5, CI 0.27–0.92).Conclusion: Over a quarter of the women in the study population reported prenatal depression, which were predicted predominantly by psychosocial variables.

Social Support, Stressful Life Events, and Health Behaviors of Korean Undergraduate Students

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young Joo Park ◽  
Sook Ja Lee ◽  
Ka Sil Oh ◽  
Kyoung Ok Oh ◽  
Jeong Ah Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life

The Impact of Stressful Life Events and Social Support on Drinking among Older Adults: A General Population Survey

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Jennison
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
The Impact

This article is an analysis of stressful life events, the buffering hypothesis, and alcohol use in a national sample of 1,418 respondents 60 years of age and over. The results indicate that older adults who experience stressful losses are significantly more likely to drink excessively than those who have not experienced such losses or who have experienced them to a lesser extent. Increased drinking among older adults may therefore be a reaction to life circumstances in which alcohol represents an attempt to cope with traumatic loss, personal as well as within the kinship network. Supportive resources of spouse, family, friends, and church appear to have a stress-buffering effects that reduces the excessive-drinking response to life crisis. Data suggest, however, that older persons are vulnerable to the magnitude of losses experienced as they grow older and lose more of their family, friends, and peers. These stressors appear to seriously impact their drinking behavior and are not effectively buffered. Respondents report that drinking may increase during periods of prolonged exposure to emotionally depleting life change and loss, when supportive needs may exceed the capacities of personal and social support resources.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Psychiatric Comorbidity in Depression Patients in Primary Health Care in Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Cancino ◽  
Marcelo Leiva-Bianchi ◽  
Carlos Serrano ◽  
Soledad Ballesteros-Teuber ◽  
Cristian Cáceres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidities ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Health

Objective. To identify the clinical and psychosocial factors associated with psychiatric comorbidity in patients consulting for depression in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Chile. Methods. 394 patients with a diagnosis of major depression being treated in a Chilean PHC were evaluated using a sociodemographic and clinical interview, the mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI), a childhood trauma events (CTEs) screening, the intimate partner violence (IPV) scale, the Life Experiences Survey (LES), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Results. Positive correlations were established between higher number of psychiatric comorbidities and severity of depressive symptoms (r = 0.358), frequency of CTEs (r = 0.228), frequency of IPV events (r = 0.218), frequency of recent stressful life events (r = 0.188), number of previous depressive episodes (r = 0.340), and duration of these (r = 0.120). Inverse correlations were determined with age at the time of the first consultation (r = -0.168), age of onset of depression (r = -0.320), and number of medical comorbidities (r = -0.140). Of all associated factors, early age of the first depressive episode, CTEs antecedents, and recent stressful life events explain 13.6% of total variability in psychiatric comorbidities. Conclusions. A higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity among subjects seeking help for depression in Chilean PHCs is associated with early onset of depression, clinical severity, chronicity, and interpersonal adversity experienced since childhood.

scholarly journals Do “Dark” Personality Features Buffer Against Adversity? The Associations Between Cumulative Life Stress, the Dark Triad, and Mental Distress

SAGE Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401882238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Lyons ◽  
Kate Evans ◽  
Samuli Helle
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Online Study ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

Stressful life events have a major impact on adverse mental health outcomes, although not all individuals are equally affected. According to the buffering hypothesis, there may be personality traits that protect individuals against mental distress in the face of adversity, playing thus a moderating role between life stressors and mental distress. In the present online study ( N = 574), Dark Triad of personality (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) were investigated as moderators between cumulative stressful life events and mental distress (i.e., psychosis, anxiety, and depression). Those who experienced more stressful events during lifetime, and scored higher in Machiavellianism, had higher scores on a psychosis instrument. Narcissism buffered the impact of stressful events on psychosis and depression. The results are discussed in terms of unique profiles associated with each of the traits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document