Analysis of a Simple Substance

1975 ◽  
pp. 303-306
Author(s):  
Frank Brescia ◽  
John Arents ◽  
Herbert Meislich ◽  
Amos Turk ◽  
Eugene Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Simple Substance

Unity, Reality and Simple Substance

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 207-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Rutherford ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Substance

From Simple Substance to Chemical Element

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Periodic System ◽  
Chemical Element ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Simple Substance ◽  
System P ◽  
Conceptual Distinction ◽  
Definition Of

The introduction of the modern concept of chemical element has often been credited to Lavoisier. I will argue that despite the significant impact of the definition of elements as non-decompound bodies in Lavoisier’s “Elements of Chemistry,” this claim is misleading for at least three reasons. First, elements were already defined as residues of analysis prior to Lavoisier. Second, Lavoisier did not totally give up the traditional view of elements as constituents of all bodies. Third, the modern definition of chemical element implies a clear distinction between simple bodies and elements that was later introduced by Dmitri Mendeleev. I will outline the role of this conceptual distinction in Mendeleev’s process of classification of elements and symmetrically emphasize how the periodic system contributed to stabilize his notion of element as an individual defined by its position in the system. Thus the concept of element appears as both a precondition and a product of the construction of the periodic system.

Brown, Thomas (1778–1820)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bryant
Keyword(s):  
David Hume ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
Simple Substance ◽  
Natural Religion ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
The Mind

Thomas Brown was the last prominent figure in the Scottish philosophical tradition deriving from David Hume and Thomas Reid. Like Reid, he took the mind’s knowledge about itself to be a datum it is pointless to challenge or try to justify, since no other grounds can be more certain for us. But he defended Hume’s account of causation as nothing more than invariable succession. The mind, therefore, is a simple substance, whose successive states are affected by and affect the states of physical objects: the laws according to which these changes take place are no harder to grasp than the effects of gravitation. Brown’s lectures, published as delivered daily to Edinburgh students, seek to classify the laws of the mind so that we can conveniently understand ourselves, and direct our lives accordingly; the last quarter of his course draws conclusions for ethics and natural religion.

On Unity and Simple Substance in Leibniz

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 61-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Levey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Substance

Labile, dissolved and particulate PAHs and trace metals in wastewater: passive sampling, occurrence, partitioning in treatment plants

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1327-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gourlay-Francé ◽  
A. Bressy ◽  
E. Uher ◽  
C. Lorgeoux
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Passive Sampling ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Simple Substance ◽  
Grab Sampling ◽  
Semipermeable Membrane Devices ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Particulate Contaminants ◽  
Solid Liquid

The occurrence and the partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and seven metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were investigated in activated sludge wastewater treatment plants by means of passive and active sampling. Concentrations total dissolved and particulate contaminants were determined in wastewater at several points across the treatment system by means of grab sampling. Truly dissolved PAHs were sampled by means of semipermeable membrane devices. Labile (inorganic and weakly complexed) dissolved metals were also sampled using the diffusive gradient in thin film technique. This study confirms the robustness and the validity of these two passive sampling techniques in wastewater. All contaminant concentrations decreased in wastewater along the treatment, although dissolved and labile concentrations sometimes increased for substances with less affinity with organic matter. Solid–liquid and dissolved organic matter/water partitioning constants were estimated. The high variability of both partitioning constants for a simple substance and the poor relation between KD and KOW shows that the binding capacities of particles and organic matter are not uniform within the treatment and that other process than equilibrium sorption affect contaminant repartition and fate in wastewater.

Olfactory detection of a complex versus a simple substance in advanced age

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Stevens ◽  
Natasha A. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Age ◽  
Simple Substance ◽  
Complex Versus ◽  
Olfactory Detection

scholarly journals Raising Awareness About the Impacts of Squalene on the Well-Being of Individuals, Societies & the Environment!

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Alexa Osterman
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Simple Substance ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Aquatic Food Chain ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The World ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
Almost All

Before humans inserted themselves into the aquatic food chain, sharks were at the top maintaining balance and playing a crucial role on this earth. For hundreds of millions of years (even before the dinosaurs!) sharks have been shaping our underwater ecosystem and creating a foundation for life in all parts of the sea. Now with 95% of shark populations decreasing everywhere our health and the planet's health is at major risk. Shark livers contain an oil so hydrating and rich all cosmetic that companies want to get their hands on it. This simple substance, also known as squalene, is found all around the world in the form of cosmetics (lotions, anti-wrinkle creams, sunscreen, foundations) and daily off the shelf supplements. With the serious lack of education about what’s in our cosmetics, it makes it scary to think that almost all of us have been absentmindedly plastering on prehistoric predators on our body in the name of beauty.

scholarly journals The periodic system of chemical elements solid model in the geological aspect

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Mikhail M. Labushev ◽  
◽  
Timofey M. Labushev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Lattice ◽  
Periodic System ◽  
Chemical Element ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Zero Element ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Solid Model ◽  
Simple Substance ◽  
Volcanic Processes ◽  
Earth's Crust

The topicality of the research comes from the need to obtain new knowledge about the manifestation of the periodic law in nature. Research aim is to associate the periodic system of chemical elements with the chemical composition and structure of natural objects. The research method suggests the creation of a solid model of the periodic system of chemical elements along with its comparison with ore formation objects as well as the manifestation of chemical elements isomorphism and some natural processes geochemistry. Research results. The solid version of the periodic table of the first 95 chemical elements together with a conventional zero element is proposed. Each volume cell characterizes a chemical element with an elementary crystal lattice of simple substance. Similar models can be composed of minerals and rocks associating with material substance of the earth's crust. 16 vertical groups in the model are arranged in a snake-like pattern. The model of the earth's crust with the “cubes” of chemical elements, minerals and mineral associations is proposed. The elements of adjacent spatial groups are naturally concentrated in combination, showing isomorphism while minerals enter the crystal lattice. The relative position of adjacent “cubes” follows the rule of translation in mutually perpendicular directions. The chemical elements of the first group can correspond spatially to volcanoes as well as mud volcanoes. The place of the zero chemical element is considered to be occupied by the elements of adjacent spatial groups. It is assumed that the faces of the “cube” of chemical elements are permeable areas through which chemical elements can be transferred. Summary. The confirmation of the model follows while considering ore formations, isomorphism of chemical elements in minerals and geochemistry of volcanic processes. 46 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 1. 2020 ISSN 0536-1028 Key words: chemical elements; solid model of periodic system; ore formations; isomorphism in crystals; geochemistry of volcanic processes.

Effect of Ca and Zr Additions and Aging Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Sn Alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol 993 ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Fan Wang ◽  
Yun Feng ◽  
Ming Shi Li ◽  
Xin Ying Teng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Simple Substance ◽  
Maximum Tensile Strength ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Fine Grain Strengthening ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Brittle Phase ◽  
The Difference

The effect of Ca and Zr Additions and Aging Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Sn alloy was investigated. It was found that the grain size of as-cast Mg-4Sn-xCa and Mg-4Sn-xZr alloys was refined with the increase of alloying elements addition. The alloys were solution-treated at 480 °C and aged at 160 °C, and the aging peak appeared after 4-5 h. The difference was that the maximum tensile strength and Brinell hardness of Mg-4Sn-0.3Ca were 140.7 MPa and 44.5 HB, respectively, while in Mg-4Sn-xZr alloy, Mg-4Sn-0.5Zr was optimal. The maximum tensile strength and Brinell hardness of Mg-4Sn-0.5Zr were 137.4 MPa and 41.5 HB, respectively. This difference was mainly due to the formation of the brittle phase CaMgSn in the Mg-4Sn-xCa alloy. The excessive brittle phase was not conducive to the strength of the alloy, but could increase the hardness of the alloy. However, Zr existed as a simple substance in the alloy, which can be used as a nucleation particle to inhibit grain growth and play a role of fine grain strengthening. But the addition of Zr did not form many hard phases, so the hardness did not change much.

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