Environmental Factors Controlling Carbon Assimilation, Growth, and Yield of Papaya ( Carica papaya L.) Under Water-Scarcity Scenarios

2018 ◽  
pp. 481-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliemar Campostrini ◽  
Bruce Schaffer ◽  
José D.C. Ramalho ◽  
Julián C. González ◽  
Weverton P. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Growth And Yield

scholarly journals Growth and yield performances of rice (Oryza sativa var. nerica) after exposure to biosynthesized nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ikhajiagbe ◽  
F. A. Igiebor ◽  
M. C. Ogwu
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Viable Seeds

Abstract Background Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a common staple food in Nigeria. However, cultivation is impaired by heavy metal contamination, particularly iron (Fe). This study aimed to investigate the impacts of biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs) in enhancing the growth and yield components of rice sown in ferruginous soil. Viable seeds of O. sativa var. nerica were sown in ferruginous and non-ferruginous soils. After four weeks, the plants were exposed to foliar sprays of biosynthesized NPs from silver nitrate, using extracts of leaves of Carica papaya, Vernonia amygdalina, Moringa oleifera, and Azadirachta indica; and the flowers of Hibiscus sabderiffa, following standard procedure. The originally prepared stock solution was diluted to give 5, 15, and 30% concentrations of each synthesized NP. Results Results showed that soil ferrugenicity impeded the growth and yield of rice. Azadirachta-synthesized NPs was better enhanced in the ferruginous soils, which might be due to Fe interaction and activities. Moreover, there was increased antioxidant activity in the ferruginous rice compared to the non-ferruginous rice, thus it is evidence that ferrugenicity is a major source of physiological stress for the rice plant. Conclusion The study provided evidence that Ag-NPs can enhance plant yield by huge proportions in ferruginous soil, a condition (ferrugenicity) that was hitherto inimical to yield disposition of rice.

scholarly journals Evaluating socio‐economic and environmental factors influencing farm‐level water scarcity in Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais Ali Khan ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Ch. ◽  
Ijaz Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Siddiqui ◽  
Jerry W. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen and Boron Application on Carica papaya L. I. Growth and Yield

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Agripino Pérez-López ◽  
Rubén D. Reyes-Jurado
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Four Levels

The experiment was carried on a Coto clay (an Oxisol). The effect of four levels of N (0, 57, 170 and 340 kg/ha) and four levels of B (0, 2.3, 4.5, 6.8 kg/ha) were determined using the P.R. 7-65 papaya variety. Treatments were initiated when the transplanted seedlings were three months old, and were repeated every six weeks. The information recorded showed the following results: Increments of N and B levels did not show a marked effect on plant height and stem diameter. Boron tended to be more effective than N in increasing stem height and diameter. The petiole fresh and dry weights increased linearly as the N and B levels were raised. The number and weight of fruits borne on female and hermaphroditic trees increased linearly as the N and 8 levels were raised. The results of the experiment showed that the papaya plant requires a high N and B fertilization rate.

Effect of Insecticide Treatments and Environmental Factors on Thrips Populations, Plant Growth and Yield of Cotton

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Faircloth ◽  
J. R. Bradley ◽  
J. W. Van Duyn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Fruiting Branch ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Accumulated Rainfall

Field experiments were conducted in 1997–1999 in Washington Co., NC, to examine how cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, is affected by thrips species composition and abundance, environmental factors, and insecticide applications. Populations of adult and juvenile thrips were monitored in seedling cotton treated with insecticide applications of either imidacloprid as a seed treatment, acephate as a foliar spray, or aldicarb applied in-furrow. The number of plants per 3.05 row-m, location of the first fruiting branch, number of open bolls per 1.52 row-m, yields, accumulated degree-d 60′s (DD60′s), and accumulated rainfall were recorded each year the studies were conducted. Aldicarb and acephate provided better thrips control than did imidacloprid in all 3 yrs. Thrips species ratios differed among years. In 1997, the aldicarb treatment resulted in a better “earliness profile” (lower fruit set and more early opening bolls) than either acephate or imidacloprid, while in 1998 and 1999 there were few differences in these plant parameters. In 1997, all insecticide treatments resulted in statistically higher yields compared with the untreated check. Accumulated DD60′s were consistently higher in 1998 and 1999 than in 1997 after the first thrips sampling date. Cumulative rainfall appeared to be inversely associated with juvenile thrips populations.

Growth and yield of 3 hybrid papayas (Carica papaya L.) under mulched and bare ground conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Elder ◽  
W. N. B. Macleod ◽  
D. J. Reid ◽  
R. L. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Intermediate Time

At Yarwun (151.3˚E, 23.75˚S), Australia, papaya Hybrid 29 yielded twice as much fruit as Hybrid 11 and 30% more than Hybrid 13. The plots mulched with coarse grass hay yielded 50% more fruit than the plots with bare ground. The highest yielding treatment, Hybrid 29 + mulch, averaged the equivalent of 81 t/ha.year over the 16.5-month harvest period. The yields were achieved in spite of inadequate water supply due to drought and the loss of 877 plants from 1441 plant positions (4 plants per position) due to the 3 phytoplasma diseases; dieback, yellow crinkle and mosaic. Hybrid 29 produced higher yields than the other hybrids by flowering early on shorter plants with thicker stems and setting more fruit that commenced lower down on the stem. Hybrid 13 was intermediate in size and the amount of fruit setting between Hybrid 29 and Hybrid 11 but was the slowest to flower and set fruit. Hybrid 11 had the thinnest and tallest stems, flowered at an intermediate time between the other 2 hybrids and produced fewer flowers and fruit resulting in the lowest yield. Mulching increased stem height and thickness, promoted earlier flowering and increased fruit set, yield and average fruit weight

scholarly journals Ecophysiology of papaya: a review

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliemar Campostrini ◽  
David M. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Fruit Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a principal horticultural crop of tropical and subtropical regions. Knowledge of how papaya responds to environmental factors provides a scientific basis for the development of management strategies to optimize fruit yield and quality. A better understanding of genotypic responses to specific environmental factors will contribute to efficient agricultural zoning and papaya breeding programs. The objective of this review is to present current research knowledge related to the effect of environmental factors and their interaction with the photosynthetic process and whole-plant physiology. This review demonstrates that environmental factors such as light, wind, soil chemical and physical characteristics, temperature, soil water, relative humidity, and biotic factors such as mycorrhizal fungi and genotype profoundly affect the productivity and physiology of papaya. An understanding of the environmental factors and their interaction with physiological processes is extremely important for economically sustainable production in the nursery or in the field. With improved, science-based management, growers will optimize photosynthetic carbon assimilation and increase papaya fruit productivity and quality.

scholarly journals Two Distinct Soil Disinfestations Differently Modify the Bacterial Communities in a Tomato Field

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1375
Author(s):  
Masaru Nakayasu ◽  
Kyoko Ikeda ◽  
Shinichi Yamazaki ◽  
Yuichi Aoki ◽  
Kazufumi Yazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Tomato Field ◽  
Pathogen Suppression ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Soil Environmental Factors

Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) and soil solarization (SS) were evaluated based on environmental factors, microbiome, and suppression of Fusarium oxysporum in a tomato field soil. Soil environmental factors (moisture content, electric conductivity, pH, and redox potential (RP)) were measured during soil disinfestations. All factors were more strongly influenced by RSD than SS. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of RSD- and SS-treated soils was performed. The bacterial communities were taxonomically and functionally distinct depending on treatment methods and periods and significantly correlated with pH and RP. Fifty-four pathways predicted by PICRUSt2 (third level in MetaCyc hierarchy) were significantly different between RSD and SS. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that both treatments equally suppressed F. oxysporum. The growth and yield of tomato cultivated after treatments were similar between RSD and SS. RSD and SS shaped different soil bacterial communities, although the effects on pathogen suppression and tomato plant growth were comparable between treatments. The existence of pathogen-suppressive microbes, other than Clostridia previously reported to have an effect, was suggested. Comparison between RSD and SS provides new aspects of unknown disinfestation patterns and the usefulness of SS as an alternative to RSD.

scholarly journals Generador de Agua mediante el uso de Celdas Peltier y Energía Solar

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
José Manuel Chávez ◽  
Daniel Fernando Espejel-Blanco ◽  
Fredy Alberto Hernández-Aguirre ◽  
Luis Eduardo Rascón-Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Control System ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Urban Activities

At present, the drought periods are longer due to global warming, which has generated scarcity and water rationing, these conditions become the main problem in remote villages to urban areas and with little infrastructure. Mexico, with 653 aquifers throughout its territory, 106 are overexploited due to agricultural, mining, industrial and urban activities, which projects to the country a possible depletion and contamination of its vital liquid. For this reason, in order to contribute to a solution to the problem of water scarcity, by applying a control system to the technology used by the Peltier cells, a moderate flow of water is generated, since it condenses the particles of water suspended in the air. In this way, an array of Peltier cells will be implemented to obtain as much water as possible under environmental factors, such as humidity and temperature. In addition, when dealing with areas where the climate is arid, it is intended to use alternative sources of energy, of autonomous photovoltaic type, to take advantage of solar radiation and feed the control system in a self-sustaining manner.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Population and Fertilization on Growth and Yield of Papaya (Carica papaya L.)

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Guillermo Colom-Covas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Algebraic Equation ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Planting Distance

A planting distance experiment with the Sunrise Solo papaya cultivar was performed in St. Augustine, Trinidad. West Indies, in which the distance between plants was varied from 0.602 to 3.046 m. Each plant received a total of 340.2 g of 13-13-20 fertilizer in six bimonthly applications. Plant height, stem diameter, and fruit yields during a 5-month harvesting period attained maximum values of 309 cm. 30 cm. and 328.86 ql4/ha, respectively, at planting distances of 0.715, 2.206, and 0.987 m. Petiole length did not vary significantly with variation in planting distance. Fruit yield during the 5-month harvest period (August to December 1969) increased from 58.38 ql/ha with a planting distance of 0.602 m and 93.89 ql/ha of 13-13-20 application to 328.86 ql/ha with a planting distance of 0.987 m and 34.87 ql/ha fertilization, decreasing to about 70 ql/ha as planting distance increased to 3.046 m and fertilization rate decreased to 3.66 ql/ha. A quartic algebraic equation fitted to the data explained 51% of the variation of fruit yield as a dependent variable on planting distance.

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