Gestión del mantenimiento y la industria 4.0

The purpose of the study is to explore on maintenance management in Industry 4.0 with its characteristics such as virtual reality, digitization of operations, connectivity, robotization, data in the cloud, automation, big data, etc., all to increase productivity in the cyber - physical system. The methodology developed is through a qualitative approach through an exploratory or approach study analyzing multiple subjective realities, derived from data mining and bibliographic search. For maintenance management, it seems more appropriate the proactive and predictive maintenance approach to achieve standard ISA 95 level 4 automation. This reflection seeks to contribute to identifying the challenges that companies must solve, in this case in the maintenance area using terotechnology, since it has a systemic approach that considers the Overall Equipment Effectiveness and CMD indicators (Reliability, Maintainability and Availability) and the horizontal and vertical structures as systems in the digitized factory, always taking into account personnel as a key element for success.

Efecto del tipo de acero y su acabado superficial sobre la cinética de fosfatizado con manganeso

The objective of this work is to study the process of phosphatizing with manganese by immersion. In the literature there is not enough information on the phosphate process with manganese phosphate, hence the main contribution of the present. The methodology involves an electrochemical study, using open circuit potential techniques in order to follow the kinetics of the process. In the same way, the characterization of the coating formed on the surface of each steel used was carried out using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy. Through this technique, the time was found in which the internal layer of the coating developed on the phosphatized substrates, both on the rough and the rough sides of the steel samples. The results obtained show that the formation of the manganese phosphate coating on the steels depends both on the grain size of the steels at the beginning of the process, as well as on the surface finish to which the steel surface is subjected, resulting in an increase in the size of the crystals, and affecting the rate of disintegration and growth of the same.

Evaluación de un clasificador de textos digitales basado en el contenido semántico a través de ontologías

Nowadays, the generation of information through digital text documents has increased exponentially, so there is a need to store documents in mass storage devices such as high capacity hard discs, storage servers, the cloud and others. However, the storage that is carried out lacks a thematic organization, therefore, a search for information becomes complex. Given this problem, this publication describes the development of a system that has the purpose of classifying a digital text document based on the thematic content. This system implements ontologies to achieve a better classification by taking advantage of its characteristics. The system is divided into five tasks: the first is the implementation of a word count to create a frequency vector; The second task performs a refinement on the frequency vector to eliminate the sentence connectors and prepositions; the third task orders the vector from the highest to the lowest frequency; the fourth task takes the most significant set of frequencies vector, in which the ontology of a domain is applied and the relation that the words have to determine the thematic of the document is sought; and the fifth task is to organize the documents in a folder structure based on the identified domains. The system was developed with the incremental development methodology. To validate the operation of the system, a set of tests was carried out in a controlled scenario in order to verify the correct classification of the documents.

Control PID basado en odometría visual monocular a un vehículo de superficie marino

The aim of this work is to study the behavior of a marine vehicle applying vision-based control. We use a DMVO algorithm (Direct Monocular Visual Odometry) that is based at the feature extraction of two image frames taken consecutively at two continuous tame frames in order to estimate a marine vehicle’s position; vehicle’s dynamics are modeled without external perturbations and therefore apply a vision based Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control for the study of its behavior through simulations using computational tools to simulate a 3D scenario and get the matrix that contains the image from the inertial frame of reference view from the vehicle. First we need a static scenario that contains reference points such that we are able to apply the proposed vision based PID control; the virtual scenario was designed at the MATLAB’s virtual world editor that let us add sensors such as cameras, and set their parameters for make the study and simulations such as path following.

Raspberry Pi, conectividad y programación mediante puertos GPIO

Today, there is an innumerable amount of electronic devices and computer systems that are oriented as platforms for the management of information through the network; manipulating data and at the same time, performing tasks using low voltage electronic signals. They can activate, deactivate or control a device or a system using sensors. In this context, the Raspberry Pi platform has an interface composed of a set of pins (GPIO) through which voltage signals can be accessed, and can interact with other electrical and electronic systems for data acquisition and control. This article aims to facilitate access to the Raspberry Pi platform from its installation, configuration, to its programming of the ports through examples and instructions, considering the platform as a computer system. The interest of the authors is to provide the reader with the tools, so that the programming of specific applications is the new challenge.

Análisis de sistemas mecánicos utilizando sistemas CAE, para estudiantes de ingeniería mecatrónica

This work shows that the fundamentals of CAE computeraided engineering systems can be used as an effective tool for optimizing the analysis of mechanical systems and / or manufacturing processes in mechatronic engineering subjects. The simulation of operating conditions, as well as the analysis of different working conditions such as stress analysis, thermal analysis, process optimization and product optimization, allows the CAE tool to be used in a wide variety of processes from previous designs to digitization of reverse engineering processes. During the development of technological skills as mechatronic engineers, CAE tools are essential for students to simulate processes and operating conditions that integrate manufacturing machines or cells. Given the wide variety of tools, CAE techniques can be developed by different methods, however in this case, finite element analysis (FEA) will be used, as a numerical resolution technique that considers that any component can be particularized, in a set of small elements with simple geometry and known physical behavior, this method is generally applied to different engineering fields.

Variación de velocidad de un motor monofásico de inducción mediante el cambio de amplitud

An induction motor is a system that is made up of an electrical part and a mechanical part to form an electromechanical system. Conventional studies and analyzes of induction motors focus on the plate values provided by the manufacturer which already maintains the fixed motor functional characteristics, usually designed by software. Which provide an output response from an input signal. In this work an analytical model is proposed to know the dynamics of the induction motor and find the optimal parameters of some of its elements by the method of the geometric place of the roots; Since given the various changes in demand in the manufacture of industrial products, where manufacturing processes are governed by engines and that the rotor speed is kept constant at defined time intervals, the same energy is consumed during the process, therefore it is proposed to vary the speed to accelerate a process during peak hours, lowering the speed at certain times, leading to energy savings and avoiding overheating in the motor as described below.

Aprovechamiento sustentable del recurso hídrico mediante un sistema de captación de agua de lluvia y red de suministro

The current energy need allows new technologies and methods to be applied to meet the needs of a population to pollute as little as possible and make systems more efficient. This work presents the design and installation of a rainwater harvesting system in the Faculty of Engineering of the Autonomous University of Campeche and its use in a garden made up of a body of water and vegetable irrigation, including the implementation of renewable energy, demonstrating that sustainable technologies applied correctly can be in harmony with the environment. The water potential of a free fall is usable for the generation of clean electrical energy using a hydraulic micro-turbine, capable of supplying a submersible pump that allows the recirculation of water within the system. The project focuses on agriculture, aquaculture and hydraulics that link the sustainability that could be achieved thanks to the application of renewable technologies.

Efecto de la adición de copolímeros reactivos a mezclas de PLA/ATP

In this work, the reactive compatibilization of Polylactic Acid/Thermoplastic Starch (PLA/TPS, 80/20% w/w) blends using acrylic copolymers of methyl methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate (MMA-GMA) was examined. The compatibilization was studied using torque rheometry, thermal analysis (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and mechanical properties. During melt mixing, the torque of PLA/TPS blends decreased, this was related to the breakup of starch chains. The addition of MMA-GMA copolymer increased the torque during the mixing period. This torque increasing is evidence of a viscosity increase and it was related to the reactions between the epoxy group present in the acrylic copolymer, the end-groups of the PLA and TPS hydroxyl groups. The morphologies of the compatibilized blends showed a decrease in the particle size of the TPS domains and an increase in elongation of 30%. The reactive compatibilization is an interesting technique to expand the property range of PLA materials, which can potentially substitute oil-based materials.

Propuesta de diseño de batería reutilizada

In this work, a reused automotive battery based on a study of existing technologies is proposed. The applied technologies were classified by the materials used in the construction of the electrochemical cells, the important characteristics were identified, among which are: the storage capacity, the nominal voltage of their cells, among others. Lead batteries for cost will continue to occupy a considerable market share for conventional automotive electrical systems, but due to their performance these batteries are not used in powertrains. Nickel metal hydride batteries withstand greater work stress, have a higher energy density and are used in the propulsion systems of hybrid vehicles. Due to the demand for energy and power that electric vehicles require, lithium ion technology is used.