Mycotoxins: Natural Food Chain Contaminants and Human Health

2011 ◽  
pp. 898-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.L. Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Natural Food

scholarly journals Effects of Food-Chain Mediated Metal Exposures on Lipid Profile in Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Richard Omonigho Ovie ◽  
Samuel Ogheneovo Asagba
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Low Density ◽  
State University ◽  
Delta State University ◽  
Significant Increment

Aims: To evaluate the effect of Cd and As on lipid profile in rats by using an experimental food-chain to imitate the natural food-chain of fish to rat. Study Design: Toxicity of Cd and As was first induced in fishes through an artificial habitat; the fishes after 1 month of exposure were killed and used as source of protein in formulating rat feed. In this way, the natural food-chain of fish to rat was mimicked as the rats get the toxic metals in their fish diets. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, from June 2016 to September 2018. Methodology: Adult male rats weighing between 100–150 g were fed with formulated rat feed that has Cd/As (at a dose of 0.4 mg/100 ml) contaminated fish as source of protein. Control group comprises of rats that were not given metal contaminated fish as food. The rats were fed for 3 months after which they were sacrificed and the plasma and vital organs obtained for investigation of lipid metabolism function. Results: Biochemical analysis on lipid profile status was made after 90 days of inoculation. A significant increment (p≤0.05)  in plasma and organ concentrations of Cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), lipoprotein of low density (LDL), and lipoprotein of very low density (VLDL) was seen in the rats given these metals in diet in comparison to control, while plasma and organ lipoprotein of high density (HDL) concentrations declined. Conclusion: These results infer that cadmium and arsenic produces reactive oxygen compounds that are toxic to man, hence calls for caution and further studies.

Assessing the risk of exogenously consumed pharmaceuticals in land-applied human urine

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1335-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Khan ◽  
J. A. Nicell
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Chain Transfer ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Food Chain Transfer

Once separated, the use of urine as fertilizer is a particular attractive proposition and can significantly mitigate the release of nutrients and pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) to the environment. In the current study, a simple methodological framework is proposed for assessing risks that are posed by the land application of urine, which contains PhACs, in terms of 6 selected environmental and human-health endpoints. In total, 25 commonly used PhACs were conservatively assessed using the proposed methodology and results indicated that 14 of them may pose a risk with respect to either eco-toxicological or human-health endpoints. The receiving terrestrial environment was identified as the most susceptible of the eco-toxicological endpoints and hazard to human-health was most significant through food-chain transfer. The results highlight the need to consider the potential impacts associated with pharmaceuticals and the need to pre-treat urine to address the presence of problematic PhACs before it is applied on land.

scholarly journals Biodegradation and metabolic pathway of sulfamethoxazole by Sphingobacterium mizutaii

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlong Song ◽  
Guijie Hao ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Hongyu Zhang ◽  
Dongxue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Aquatic Animal ◽  
Animal Diseases

AbstractSulfamethoxazole (SMX) is the most commonly used antibiotic in worldwide for inhibiting aquatic animal diseases. However, the residues of SMX are difficult to eliminate and may enter the food chain, leading to considerable threats on human health. The bacterial strain Sphingobacterium mizutaii LLE5 was isolated from activated sludge. This strain could utilize SMX as its sole carbon source and degrade it efficiently. Under optimal degradation conditions (30.8 °C, pH 7.2, and inoculum amount of 3.5 × 107 cfu/mL), S. mizutaii LLE5 could degrade 93.87% of 50 mg/L SMX within 7 days. Four intermediate products from the degradation of SMX were identified and a possible degradation pathway based on these findings was proposed. Furthermore, S. mizutaii LLE5 could also degrade other sulfonamides. This study is the first report on (1) degradation of SMX and other sulfonamides by S. mizutaii, (2) optimization of biodegradation conditions via response surface methodology, and (3) identification of sulfanilamide, 4-aminothiophenol, 5-amino-3-methylisoxazole, and aniline as metabolites in the degradation pathway of SMX in a microorganism. This strain might be useful for the bioremediation of SMX-contaminated environment.

scholarly journals Effects of food-chain mediated metal exposures on phosphatases’ profile in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Richard Ovie ◽  
Samuel Asagba
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Lysosomal Membrane ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Kidney Impairment ◽  
Lysosomal Membrane Integrity

This study seeks at investigating the separate and combined toxicities of Arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd) administered along food-chain. The natural food-chain was mimicked by exposing rats to diet containing milled Cd and As-exposed (at a dose of 0.4mg/100ml each) catfish as source of protein. Control groups were fed with normal formulated rat feed with non-metal contaminated fish as source of protein. The effects of Cd and As exposures were sought by determining indices of plasma and lysosomal membrane integrity in plasma and organs of the rats after three months exposure time. The results depict that Cd and As exposures in the rats led to bioaccumulation of the metals in their plasma and organs. The results gotten revealed significance (p<0.05) in gain of body weight in both Cd and As exposed rats when control is compared to them. Phosphatases’ activities (ALP and ACP) in the plasma and vital organs were also significant in the metal inoculated rats when the control is compared to them. These results explained that arsenic and cadmium forms free radicals which cause stress due to oxidation, kidney impairment and immunologic disorders.

Real-Time Immuno-PCR: An Approach for Detection of Trace Amounts of Transgenic Proteins

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1634-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Rajeshwar P Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Transgenic Crops ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Sensitive Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Functional Stability ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Environment Sustainability

Abstract The research on manipulation of crop genomes for transgenic development is continuously increasing due to several benefits. The major concerns linked to the effect of transgenic crops are human health and environment sustainability. To monitor transgenic samples in the food chain, several highly sensitive and specific DNA-based and protein-based detection methods are being used. However, real-time immuno-PCR (RT-IPCR) assay would be able to provide a sensitive detection of trace amounts of transgenic proteins or allergens in the samples and help in monitoring these materials. In the present study, we developed a novel RT-IPCR method to monitor Cry1Ac transgenic protein in samples with an LOD of 100 pg/mL. The assay may also be useful in the evaluation of functional stability of transgenes inserted in the plant genome.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity by Lead as Heavy Metal Focus on Oxidative Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sónia Pinho ◽  
Bruno Ladeiro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System ◽  
The Impact

In the recent years, search for better quality of life in urban areas has been provoking an increase in urban agriculture. However, this new way of agriculture can bring risks to human health since this land is highly contaminated, due to anthropogenic activities. This way, lead (Pb) phytotoxicity approach must be taken into consideration since it can be prejudicial to human health through food chain. Pb is a common environmental contaminant, which originate numerous disturbances in plant physiological processes due to the bioacummulation of this metal pollutant in plant tissues. This review, focus on the uptake and interaction of lead by plants and how it can be introduced in food chain. Special attention was taken to address the oxidative stress by lead regarding the effects produced in plant physiological and biochemical processes. Furthermore, the antioxidant defence system was taken into consideration. Phytoremediation is applied on site or chronic polluted soils. This emerging technique is useful to bioaccumulate, degrade or decrease risks associated with contaminants in soils, water or air through the use of hyperaccumulaters. In addition, the impact of nanoparticles in plant science was also focused in this article since some improving properties in plants have been increasingly investigated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document