Immunological role of TAM receptors in the cancer microenvironment

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-79
Author(s):  
Varsha Gadiyar ◽  
Gopi Patel ◽  
Viralkumar Davra
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Microenvironment ◽  
Tam Receptors

scholarly journals Potentiating role of Gas6 and Tyro3, Axl and Mer (TAM) receptors in human and murine platelet activation and thrombus stabilization

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1797-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. E. M. COSEMANS ◽  
R. VAN KRUCHTEN ◽  
S. OLIESLAGERS ◽  
L. J. SCHURGERS ◽  
F. K. VERHEYEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Tam Receptors

129 Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment: Role of Macrophages

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. S31
Author(s):  
K. Gardian ◽  
S. Janczewska ◽  
W.L. Olszewski ◽  
M. Durlik
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Microenvironment

Immune cells of the epithelial ovarian cancer microenvironment

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Varvara Nikolaevna Zhurman ◽  
Natalia Gennadevna Plekhova ◽  
Ekaterina Valeryevna Eliseeva
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Ovarian Tumor ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cancer Microenvironment ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Active Substances

The article is a review of the literature, which analyzes the data on the role of cells of the immune system, cytokines and other biologically active substances secreted by them in the interstitial space of an ovarian tumor. The emphasis is made on the mechanism of realization by immune cells of the stimulating and suppressing action on the development of the tumor. Considerable attention is paid to the prognostic role of immune cells in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals The Prognostic Role of Macrophage Polarization in the Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Juha P. Väyrynen ◽  
Koichiro Haruki ◽  
Mai Chan Lau ◽  
Sara A. Väyrynen ◽  
Rong Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Cancer Microenvironment ◽  
Prognostic Role

Abstract 143: Non-canonical role of TAM receptors in breast cancer

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelly Hsieh ◽  
Khanh Q. Nguyen ◽  
Stanley Kimani ◽  
Raymond B. Birge
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tam Receptors

scholarly journals Exploring the key communicator role of exosomes in cancer microenvironment through proteomics

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
HuiSu Kim ◽  
Dong Wook Kim ◽  
Je-Yoel Cho
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Cancer Microenvironment ◽  
Promote Tumor Growth ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Intercellular Communications

ABSTRACT There have been many attempts to fully understand the mechanism of cancer behavior. Yet, how cancers develop and metastasize still remain elusive. Emerging concepts of cancer biology in recent years have focused on the communication of cancer with its microenvironment, since cancer cannot grow and live alone. Cancer needs to communicate with other cells for survival, and thus they secrete various messengers, including exosomes that contain many proteins, miRNAs, mRNAs, etc., for construction of the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, these intercellular communications between cancer and its microenvironment, including stromal cells or distant cells, can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and escape from immune surveillance. In this review, we summarized the role of proteins in the exosome as communicators between cancer and its microenvironment. Consequently, we present cancer specific exosome proteins and their unique roles in the interaction between cancer and its microenvironment. Clinically, these exosomes might provide useful biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic tools for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Role of Cancer Microenvironment in Metastasis: Focus on Colon Cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Gout ◽  
Jacques Huot
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Cancer Microenvironment

scholarly journals Growth Arrest-Specific 6 Enhances the Suppressive Function of CD4+CD25+Regulatory T Cells Mainly through Axl Receptor

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-ju Zhao ◽  
Jia-yi Zheng ◽  
Jia-lan Bian ◽  
Long-wang Chen ◽  
Ning Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Growth Arrest ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Suppressive Function ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Tam Receptors

Background.Growth arrest-specific (Gas) 6 is one of the endogenous ligands of TAM receptors (Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk), and its role as an immune modulator has been recently emphasized. Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for the active suppression of autoimmunity. The present study was designed to investigate whether Tregs express TAM receptors and the potential role of Gas6-TAM signal in regulating the suppressive function of Tregs.Methods.The protein and mRNA levels of TAM receptors were determined by using Western blot, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and RT-PCR. Then, TAM receptors were silenced using targeted siRNA or blocked with specific antibody. The suppressive function of Tregs was assessed by using a CFSE-based T cell proliferation assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of Foxp3 and CTLA4 whereas cytokines secretion levels were measured by ELISA assay.Results.Tregs express both Axl and Mertk receptors. Gas6 increases the suppressive function of Tregs in vitro and in mice. Both Foxp3 and CTLA-4 expression on Tregs are enhanced after Gas6 stimulation. Gas6 enhances the suppressive activity of Tregs mainly through Axl receptor.Conclusion. Gas6 has a direct effect on the functions of CD4+CD25+Tregs mainly through its interaction with Axl receptor.

scholarly journals Transition into inflammatory cancer-associated adipocytes in breast cancer microenvironment requires microRNA regulatory mechanism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwoo Lee ◽  
Han Suk Ryu ◽  
Bok Sil Hong ◽  
Han-Byoel Lee ◽  
Minju Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Cancer Microenvironment ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Cancer Tissues

ABSTRACTSIntroductionThe role of adipocytes in cancer microenvironment has gained focus during the recent years. However, the characteristics of the cancer-associated adipocytes (CAA) in human breast cancer tissues and the underlying regulatory mechanism are not clearly understood.MethodWe reviewed pathology specimens of breast cancer patients to understand the morphologic characteristics of CAA, and profiled the mRNA and miRNA expression of CAA by using indirect co-culture system in vitro.ResultsThe CAAs in human breast cancers showed heterogeneous topographic relationship with breast cancer cells within the breast microenvironment. The CAAs exhibited the characteristics of de-differentiation determined by their microscopic appearance and the expression levels of adipogenic markers. Additionally, the 3T3-L1 adipocytes co-cultured with breast cancer cells showed up-regulation of inflammation-related genes including Il6 and Ptx3. The up-regulation of IL6 in CAA was further observed in human breast cancer tissues. miRNA array of co-cultured 3T3-L1 cells showed increased expression of mmu-miR-5112 which may target Cpeb1. Cpeb1 is a negative regulator of Il6. The suppressive role of mmu-miR-5112 was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay, and mmu-miR-5112-treated adipocytes showed up-regulation of Il6. The transition of adipocytes into more inflammatory CAA resulted in proliferation-promoting effect in ER positive breast cancer cells such as MCF7 and ZR-75-1 but not in ER negative cells.ConclusionIn this study, we have determined the de-differentiated and inflammatory natures of CAA in breast cancer microenvironment. Additionally, we propose a miRNA-based regulatory mechanism underlying the process of acquiring inflammatory phenotypes in CAA.

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