Factors associated with high blood pressure in a group of women with a history of pre-eclampsia in Yaoundé in Sub-Saharan Africa

Background: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the modern era are at risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. High blood pressure (BP) is common in sub-Saharan Africa, however, global attention in the region has been mostly focused on HIV. The impact of BP on mortality among adults with HIV in this region has not been reported. Objective: The objective was to determine the impact of BP on mortality among HIV seropositive (+) adults without acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Kenya. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of de-identified medical records of the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare HIV treatment program between 2005 and 2010. We excluded patients with AIDS, who were <16 or >80 years old, or with data out of acceptable ranges. There were 49,475 HIV+ individuals who satisfied inclusion/exclusion criteria (Figure 1). Missing data for key covariates was addressed by inverse probability weighting. We summarize crude mortality rates across BP categories, separately by gender. We used proportional hazards regression models to characterize the effect of BP on mortality, adjusting for baseline demographic and clinical factors. We subdivided the sample according to those who were clinically stable, defined as having ≥CD4 350 or WHO Stage 1. Results: Our sample was 74% (36,616 of 49,475) women. Mortality rates for men and women were 3.8/100 and 1.8/100 person-years, respectively. Crude mortality rate among clinically stable men was higher with systolic BP ≥140 mmHg (3.0, 95% CI: 1.6-5.5) than with normal systolic BP (1.1, 95% CI: 0.7-1.7). In weighted proportional hazards regression models, clinically stable men with systolic BP ≥140 mmHg carried a higher mortality risk than normotensive men (HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 0.94 to 6.08). Conclusions: Blood pressure is an important aspect of the care of HIV+ patients in sub-Saharan Africa. High systolic BP is associated with mortality among clinically stable men without AIDS. Further investigation into cause of death in warranted.

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High Blood Pressure in Sub-Saharan Africa: Why Prevention, Detection, and Control are Urgent and Important

Journal of Clinical Hypertension ◽

10.1111/jch.12599 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 663-667 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Norm R.C. Campbell ◽

Pascal Bovet ◽

Aletta Elisabeth Schutte ◽

Daniel Lemogoum ◽

Armand Seraphin Nkwescheu

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

And Control

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A study of risk factors associated with hypertension among the school going children in Puducherry

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180265 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 764

Author(s):

Arun Daniel J. ◽

Kavinilavu R.

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Private School ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Social Risk ◽

Social Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Background: High blood pressure in childhood is a predictor of hypertension in adults and its presence is influenced by various clinical and social risk factors. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of high BP in school going children aged 10 years and above; to assess the risk factors associated with high blood pressure; to compare the prevalence of high blood pressure and associated risk factors among the government and private school going children.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted during July to August 2016 by selecting two schools situated in the urban field practice areas including 423 children aged 10 to 18 years. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire in which dietary habits were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were made under standard WHO protocol.Results: The overall prevalence of high blood pressure was 12.8%. Factors like age (p=0.005), family history of hypertension (p=0.01), both parents having history of hypertension (p=0.02), poor school performance (p=0.05)and obesity(p=0.001) were significantly associated with high blood pressure among the school children.Conclusions: There were a higher proportion of male hypertensives in the private schools whereas government schools had more female hypertensives.

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High Blood Pressure Confirmed with 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Tanzanian Adolescents Enrolling in a Cohort Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-123312/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mussa Nsanya ◽

Philip Ayieko ◽

Ramadhan Hashim ◽

Ezekiel Mgema ◽

Daniel Fitzgerald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Public Schools ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

White Coat Hypertension ◽

Sub Saharan

Abstract Prevalence estimates for high blood pressure (BP) among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa vary widely and most studies have relied on attended automated office BP (AOBP) measurements. We aimed to estimate prevalence of high BP using unattended AOBP followed by 24-Hour ambulatory BP monitoring (24-Hour ABPM) for confirmation and to determine factors associated with confirmed high BP. Between April and August 2018, 500 adolescents aged 11 to 15 years were enrolled from three randomly selected public schools in Mwanza city (Tanzania) to participate in a 2-year prospective cohort study. We obtained three consecutive unattended AOBP measurements. Follow-up AOBP measurements were obtained in participants with high BP at initial measurements. Participants whose follow-up measurements remained high underwent 24-Hour ABPM. Of all 500 participants, 36.6% had high BP using first AOBP measurement; 25.6% using average of the second and third AOBP measurements and 10.2% using average of follow-up AOBP measurements and were eligible for 24-Hour ABPM. Only 13(2.6%) had confirmed high BP and they had no unique distinguishing characteristic. White coat hypertension is common among adolescents in Africa. Cardiovascular health promotion in Africa can be done through school-based screening for high BP among adolescents using one unattended AOBP

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AB0293 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INITIATION OF BIOLOGIC DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS IN MOROCCAN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5633 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1445.3-1445

Author(s):

O. Hammou ◽

F. Chennouf ◽

H. Azzouzi ◽

I. Linda

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Biologic Agents ◽

Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs ◽

Antirheumatic Drugs ◽

Biologic Dmards ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of ◽

Disease Modifying

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disorder of joints that is associated with high health care costs, yet guidance is lacking on how early to initiate biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Few studies have examined the factors associated with the transition from non biologic DMARDs to biologic DMARDs in RA patients.Objectives:to examine the association of patient’s comorbidities with initiation of biologic DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:cross-sectional study was designed on a cohort of RA patients. Sociodemographic, clinical data and comorbidities were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the impact of comorbidities on the initiation of bDMARD. The statistical analysis was done by SPSS. 20, p <0.05 was considered significant.Results:among the 257 patients, 90.5% were females. Their mean age was 54.66 ± 11.9 years. The most frequent comorbidities in our population were: high blood pressure (22.5%), diabetes (16.6%), history of heart disease (5.1%), history of neoplasia (2.4%) and nephropathies (2%). RA patients with comorbidities were more likely to initiate bDMARD: high blood pressure (p = 0.003 OR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.332- 4.181), history of heart disease (p = 0.036 OR=3.01, 95% IC: 1.073-8.468) and history of neoplasia (p = 0.026 OR= 5.07, 95% CI: 1.219- 21.110). In multiple regression models, high blood pressure was associated to the initiation of biologic agents (p= 0.026, OR= 2.07, 95% CI: 1.090-3.932).Conclusion:the probability of initiating therapy with biologic agents in patients with RA is affected by different co-morbidities in our context specifically hypertension.References:[1]Machado-Alba JE, et al. Time to and factors associated with initiation of biological therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Colombia. Rev Colomb Reumatol. 2018[2]Priyanka Gaitonde et al. Factors associated with use of disease modifying agents for rheumatoid arthritis in the National Hospital and Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2017Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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High Blood Pressure in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Urgent Imperative for Prevention and Control

Journal of Clinical Hypertension ◽

10.1111/jch.12620 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 751-755 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui ◽

Andre P. Kengne ◽

Sebhat Erqou ◽

Richard S. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

And Control

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Investigation of Hyperglycaemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal at Mulago Hospital, Directorate of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kawempe.

10.51168/sjhrafrica.v1i12.13. ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Derek Matsiko Muhoozi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

P Value ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽

History Of ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: This study aimed at establishing the prevalence and factors associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy among women attending treatment at antenatal care at the Directorate of obstetrics and gynaecology at Kawempe under the following objectives; to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia in pregnancy, to establish the factors associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and experimental in design that recruited 333 participants from age 18 years and above. The consented participants filled a questionnaire that was taking history and demographics. A blood sample was taken for blood glucose testing and a urine sample was also collected. Data was entered in Epidata 3.1 and exported to SPSS 17.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis was used to determine prevalence and factors associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy Results: Laboratory tests revealed that the prevalence of hyperglycemia was 25.3% (84). The following factors were significantly associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy; age37 years and above (p-value 0.013* OR 2.34), and high Body Mass Index (BMI) (p-value 0.002* OR 3.744). Gravidity of 3-4 times (p-value 0.003*OR3.782), >=5 times (p-value <0.001*and OR3.099), parity of >=5 children (p-value 0.003*OR 3.642), first degree hyperglycaemia (P-value <0.031*OR 5.152), high blood pressure during this pregnancy (0.012*OR 3.622) and high blood pressure while not pregnant (p-value 0.012*OR 1.274). Conclusion and recommendations: Gestational hyperglycemia is common among women attending care at the directorate of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Kawempe. the commonest factors associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy are high Body mass index, history of hypertension, history of hyperglycemia, high parity high gravidity, there is no relationship between hyperglycemia and sexually transmitted diseases like HIV, and syphilis.

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Investigation of Hyperglycaemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal at Mulago Hospital, Directorate of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kawempe.

10.51168/sjhrafrica.v1i12.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Derek Matsiko Muhoozi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

High Blood Pressure ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

P Value ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽

History Of ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Background: This study aimed at establishing the prevalence and factors associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy among women attending treatment at antenatal care at the Directorate of obstetrics and gynaecology at Kawempe under the following objectives; to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia in pregnancy, to establish the factors associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and experimental in design that recruited 333 participants from age 18 years and above. The consented participants filled a questionnaire that was taking history and demographics. A blood sample was taken for blood glucose testing and a urine sample was also collected. Data was entered in Epidata 3.1 and exported to SPSS 17.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis was used to determine prevalence and factors associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy Results: Laboratory tests revealed that the prevalence of hyperglycemia was 25.3% (84). The following factors were significantly associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy; age37 years and above (p-value 0.013* OR 2.34), and high Body Mass Index (BMI) (p-value 0.002* OR 3.744). Gravidity of 3-4 times (p-value 0.003*OR3.782), >=5 times (p-value <0.001*and OR3.099), parity of >=5 children (p-value 0.003*OR 3.642), first degree hyperglycaemia (P-value <0.031*OR 5.152), high blood pressure during this pregnancy (0.012*OR 3.622) and high blood pressure while not pregnant (p-value 0.012*OR 1.274). Conclusion and recommendations: Gestational hyperglycemia is common among women attending care at the directorate of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Kawempe. the commonest factors associated with hyperglycemia in pregnancy are high Body mass index, history of hypertension, history of hyperglycemia, high parity high gravidity, there is no relationship between hyperglycemia and sexually transmitted diseases like HIV, and syphilis.

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Christianity in the Twentieth Century

10.23943/princeton/9780691196848.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Brian Stanley

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Racial Identity ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Central Importance ◽

Regional Survey ◽

History Of Christianity ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Different Parts

This book charts the transformation of one of the world's great religions during an age marked by world wars, genocide, nationalism, decolonization, and powerful ideological currents, many of them hostile to Christianity. The book traces how Christianity evolved from a religion defined by the culture and politics of Europe to the expanding polycentric and multicultural faith it is today—one whose growing popular support is strongest in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, China, and other parts of Asia. The book sheds critical light on themes of central importance for understanding the global contours of modern Christianity, illustrating each one with contrasting case studies, usually taken from different parts of the world. Unlike other books on world Christianity, this one is not a regional survey or chronological narrative, nor does it focus on theology or ecclesiastical institutions. The book provides a history of Christianity as a popular faith experienced and lived by its adherents, telling a compelling and multifaceted story of Christendom's fortunes in Europe, North America, and across the rest of the globe. It demonstrates how Christianity has had less to fear from the onslaughts of secularism than from the readiness of Christians themselves to accommodate their faith to ideologies that privilege racial identity or radical individualism.

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Decomposing the rural–urban gap in factors associated with childhood immunisation in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from surveys in 23 countries

BMJ Global Health ◽

10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e003773

Author(s):

Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽

Yusuf Olushola Kareem ◽

Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽

Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽

Sanni Yaya

Keyword(s):

Decomposition Analysis ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Childhood Immunisation ◽

Urban Settings ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Full Immunisation ◽

Sub Saharan

BackgroundAbout 31 million children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) suffer from immunisation preventable diseases yearly and more than half a million children die because of lack of access to immunisation. Immunisation coverage has stagnated at 72% in SSA over the past 6 years. Due to evidence that full immunisation of children may be determined by place of residence, this study aimed at investigating the rural–urban differential in full childhood immunisation in SSA.MethodsThe data used for this study consisted of 26 241 children pooled from 23 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2010 and 2018 in SSA. We performed a Poisson regression analysis with robust Standard Errors (SEs) to determine the factors associated with full immunisation status for rural and urban children. Likewise, a multivariate decomposition analysis for non-linear response model was used to examine the contribution of the covariates to the observed rural and urban differential in full childhood immunisation. All analyses were performed using Stata software V.15.0 and associations with a p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsMore than half of children in urban settings were fully immunised (52.8%) while 59.3% of rural residents were not fully immunised. In all, 76.5% of rural–urban variation in full immunisation was attributable to differences in child and maternal characteristics. Household wealth was an important component contributing to the rural–urban gap. Specifically, richest wealth status substantially accounted for immunisation disparity (35.7%). First and sixth birth orders contributed 7.3% and 14.9%, respectively, towards the disparity while 7.9% of the disparity was attributable to distance to health facility.ConclusionThis study has emphasised the rural–urban disparity in childhood immunisation, with children in the urban settings more likely to complete immunisation. Subregional, national and community-level interventions to obviate this disparity should target children in rural settings, those from poor households and women who have difficulties in accessing healthcare facilities due to distance.

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