scholarly journals Sediment transport dynamics in small agricultural catchments in a cold climate: A case study from Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 107484
Author(s):  
Hannah Wenng ◽  
Robert Barneveld ◽  
Marianne Bechmann ◽  
Hannu Marttila ◽  
Tore Krogstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Catchments

PERSIAN GARDENS IN COLD AND DRY CLIMATE: A CASE STUDY OF TABRIZ’S HISTORICAL GARDENS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Ahad Nejad Ebrahimi ◽  
Farnaz Nazarzadeh ◽  
Elnaz Nazarzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Natural Substrate ◽  
Garden Design ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
North West ◽  
Special Expertise

Throughout history, gardens and garden designing has been in the attention of Persian architects who had special expertise in the construction of gardens. The appearance of Islam and allegories of paradise taken from that in Koran and Saints’ sayings gave spirituality to garden construction. Climate conditions have also had an important role in this respect but little research has been done about it and most of the investigations have referred to spiritual aspects and forms of garden. The cold and dry climate that has enveloped parts of West and North West of Iran has many gardens with different forms and functions, which have not been paid much attention to by studies done so far. The aim of this paper is to identify the features and specifications of cold and dry climate gardens with an emphasis on Tabriz’s Gardens.  Due to its natural and strategic situation, Tabriz has always been in the attention of governments throughout history; travellers and tourists have mentioned Tabriz as a city that has beautiful gardens. But, the earthquakes and wars have left no remains of those beautiful gardens. This investigation, by a comparative study of the climates in Iran and the effect of those climates on the formation of gardens and garden design, tries to identify the features and characteristics of gardens in cold and dry climate. The method of study is interpretive-historical on the basis of written documents and historic features and field study of existing gardens in this climate. The results show that, with respect to natural substrate, vegetation, the form of water supply, and the general form of the garden; gardens in dry and cold climate are different from gardens in other climates.

Sediment transport under dry weather conditions in a small sewer system

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Flemming Schlütter ◽  
Kjeld Schaarup-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Transport Models ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Initial Results

Increased knowledge of the processes which govern the transport of solids in sewers is necessary in order to develop more reliable and applicable sediment transport models for sewer systems. Proper validation of these are essential. For that purpose thorough field measurements are imperative. This paper renders initial results obtained in an ongoing case study of a Danish combined sewer system in Frejlev, a small town southwest of Aalborg, Denmark. Field data are presented concerning estimation of the sediment transport during dry weather. Finally, considerations on how to approach numerical modelling is made based on numerical simulations using MOUSE TRAP (DHI 1993).

Microbial contamination in groundwater supply in a cold climate and coarse soil: case study of norovirus outbreak at Lake Mývatn, Iceland

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Gunnarsdottir ◽  
S. M. Gardarsson ◽  
H. O. Andradottir
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Septic Systems ◽  
Groundwater Velocity ◽  
Groundwater Supply

This paper explores the fate and transport of microbial contamination in a cold climate and coarse aquifers. A confirmed norovirus outbreak in a small rural water supply in the late summer of 2004, which is estimated to have infected over 100 people, is used as a case study. A septic system, 80 m upstream of the water intake, is considered to have contaminated drinking water. Water samples tested were negative for coliform and strongly positive for norovirus. Modelling predicts that a 4.8-log10 removal was possible in the 8 m thick vadose zone, while only a 0.7-log10 and 2.7-log10 removal in the aquifer for viruses and Escherichia coli, respectively. The model results support that the 80 m setback distance was inadequate and roughly 900 m aquifer transport distance was needed to achieve 9-log10 viral removal. Sensitivity analysis showed that the most influential parameters on model transport removal rate are grain size diameter and groundwater velocity, temperature and acidity. The results demonstrate a need for systematic evaluation of septic systems in rural areas in lesser studied coarse strata at low temperatures, thereby strengthening data used for regulatory requirements for more confident determination on safe setback distances.

scholarly journals Solute transport dynamics in small, shallow groundwater-dominated agricultural catchments: insights from a high-frequency, multisolute 10 yr-long monitoring study

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1379-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Aubert ◽  
C. Gascuel-Odoux ◽  
G. Gruau ◽  
N. Akkal ◽  
M. Faucheux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Carbon ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. High-frequency, long-term and multisolute measurements are required to assess the impact of human pressures on water quality due to (i) the high temporal and spatial variability of climate and human activity and (ii) the fact that chemical solutes combine short- and long-term dynamics. Such data series are scarce. This study, based on an original and unpublished time series from the Kervidy-Naizin headwater catchment (Brittany, France), aims to determine solute transfer processes and dynamics that characterise this strongly human-impacted catchment. The Kervidy-Naizin catchment is a temperate, intensive agricultural catchment, hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Over 10 yr, five solutes (nitrate, sulphate, chloride, and dissolved organic and inorganic carbon) were monitored daily at the catchment outlet and roughly every four months in the shallow groundwater. The concentrations of all five solutes showed seasonal variations but the patterns of the variations differed from one solute to another. Nitrate and chloride exhibit rather smooth variations. In contrast, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon is dominated by flood flushes. The observed nitrate and chloride patterns are typical of an intensive agricultural catchment hydrologically controlled by shallow groundwater. Nitrate and chloride originating mainly from organic fertilisers accumulated over several years in the shallow groundwater. They are seasonally exported when upland groundwater connects with the stream during the wet season. Conversely, sulphate as well as organic and inorganic carbon patterns are not specific to agricultural catchments. These solutes do not come from fertilisers and do not accumulate in soil or shallow groundwater; instead, they are biogeochemically produced in the catchment. The results allowed development of a generic classification system based on the specific temporal patterns and source locations of each solute. It also considers the stocking period and the dominant process that limits transport to the stream, i.e. the connectivity of the stocking compartment. This mechanistic classification can be applied to any chemical solute to help assess its origin, storage or production location and transfer mechanism in similar catchments.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF A SEMI-EMPIRICAL LONGSHORE TRANSPORT FORMULATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Barbaro ◽  
Giuseppe Roberto Tomasicchio ◽  
Giovanni Malara ◽  
Felice D'Alessandro
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Sediment Transport Rate ◽  
Longshore Sediment Transport ◽  
Longshore Transport ◽  
Semi Empirical

The present paper deals with the determination of longshore sediment transport rate. Specifically, case study of Saline Joniche (Reggio Calabria, Italy, is discussed. This case is of interest because, in this location, an artificial basin was built in the 70’s. After few years, port entrance experienced total obstruction by sand. Actually, the area is abandoned and several projects have been proposed for revitalising port activities. This paper discusses a method for estimating the longshore sediment transport rate at Saline Joniche and complements previous methodology.

scholarly journals Suspended Sediment Analysis: Case Study of Berounka Sources

Geografie ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kliment ◽  
Jan Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Suspended Load ◽  
Suspended Sediment Transport ◽  
Sediment Analysis ◽  
Load Characteristics

The article examines suspended sediment transport in Mže, Radbuza, and Úhlava Rivers over the period 1989-95. Data on suspended sediments was collected at five observing sites. The research has been carried out in collaboration with Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Plzeň. Apart from the suspended load characteristics also the seasonal variation of suspended sediments, siltation of Hracholusky and České Údolí Lakes, and the share of inorganic material in suspended sediments have been examined.

scholarly journals Probabilistic forecasting of wind power production losses in cold climates: A case study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie P. Söderman ◽  
Heiner Körnich ◽  
Esbjörn Olsson ◽  
Hans Bergström ◽  
Anna Sjöblom
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Forecast Skill ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasting ◽  
Probabilistic Forecasts ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
Production Losses

Abstract. The problem of icing on wind turbines in cold climates is addressed using probabilistic forecasting to improve next- day forecasts of icing and related production losses. A case study of probabilistic forecasts was generated for a two- week period. Uncertainties in initial and boundary conditions are represented with an ensemble forecasting system, while uncertainties in the spatial representation are included with a neighbourhood method. Using probabilistic forecasting instead of one single forecast was shown to improve the forecast skill of the ice-related production loss forecasts and hence the icing forecasts. The spread of the multiple forecasts can be used as an estimate of the forecast uncertainty and of the likelihood for icing and severe production losses. Best results, both in terms of forecast skill and forecasted uncertainty, were achieved using both the ensemble forecast and the neighbourhood method combined. This demonstrates that the application of probabilistic forecasting for wind power in cold climate can be valuable when planning next-day energy production, in the usage of de-icing systems, and for site safety.

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