scholarly journals Examining the role of social vulnerability and environmental justice in neighborhood-level hot spots of COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. S538-S539
Author(s):  
Alison N. Goulding ◽  
Michael Brown ◽  
Kjersti M. Aagaard ◽  
Ryan Ramphul
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Neighborhood Level

scholarly journals Experiences from families of children with cerebral paralysis in context of social vulnerability

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 956-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja Rany Rigotti Baltor ◽  
Giselle Dupas
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Financial Difficulties ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cerebral Paralysis ◽  
Primary Carer ◽  
Data Result

OBJECTIVE: to describe and to analyze the experience from families of children with cerebral paralysis living under circumstances of social vulnerability. METHOD: six resident families in area with this characteristic were interviewed. It was opted to use the Symbolic Interactionism as theoretic reference and the Thematic Content Analysis of Bardin as analysis method for the data. RESULT: the experience of such families is represented in the subjects: Reorganizing the Life, with the categories "Discovering the way" and "Accommodating the routine", and Stopping a Constant Fight with the categories: "Primary Carer being overcharged", "Coexisting with the preconception", "Having locomotion difficulty" and "Living with financial difficulties". CONCLUSION: the social vulnerability influences how the family bears the chronic condition. Professionals and strategies of public health are a power to minimize impacts including those related to the family budget, but they have not been effective. They need to be sensitized to become supporting resources, to offer and to guide the access to the support networks and to spur the social service in action when necessary. This study adds knowledge to the already existing by pointing out peculiarities of the family experience in situations regarding two variables of difficult handling: chronicity and social vulnerability, evidencing the role of the professional in search of the solution for the confrontation of demands and sufferings together with the family.

scholarly journals Polymerases Leave Fingerprints: Analysis of the Mutational Spectrum in Escherichia coli rpoB To Assess the Role of Polymerase IV in Spontaneous Mutation

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (9) ◽  
pp. 2900-2905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Wolff ◽  
Mandy Kim ◽  
Kaibin Hu ◽  
Hanjing Yang ◽  
Jeffrey H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Spontaneous Mutation ◽  
Mutational Spectrum ◽  
Pol Iv ◽  
Rifampin Resistance ◽  
Plasmid Amplification

ABSTRACT We compared the distribution of mutations in rpoB that lead to rifampin resistance in strains with differing levels of polymerase IV (Pol IV), including strains with deletions of the Pol IV-encoding dinB gene, strains with a chromosomal copy of dinB, strains with the F′128 plasmid, and strains with plasmid amplification of either the dinB operon (dinB-yafNOP) or the dinB gene alone. This analysis identifies several hot spots specific to Pol IV which are virtually absent from the normal spontaneous spectrum, indicating that Pol IV does not contribute significantly to mutations occurring during exponential growth in liquid culture.

scholarly journals On the role of dust storms in triggering atmospheric gravity waves observed in the middle atmosphere

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1647-1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Das ◽  
A. Taori ◽  
A. Jayaraman
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Atmospheric Perturbations ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity

Abstract. Lower atmospheric perturbations often produce measurable effects in the middle and upper atmosphere. The present study demonstrates the response of the middle atmospheric thermal structure to the significant enhancement of the lower atmospheric heating effect caused by dust storms observed over the Thar Desert, India. Our study from multi-satellite observations of two dust storm events that occurred on 3 and 8 May 2007 suggests that dust storm events produce substantial changes in the lower atmospheric temperatures as hot spots which can become sources for gravity waves observed in the middle atmosphere.

Marine Heat Waves in the Peruvian Upwelling System: from 5-day localized warming to year-long El Niños

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Pietri ◽  
François Colas ◽  
Mogollon Rodrigo ◽  
Jorge Tam ◽  
Dimitri Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Coastal Upwelling ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Upwelling System

<p>Extreme climatic events, such as marine heatwaves (MHWs), have been shown to globally increase in frequency and magnitude over the last decades, and can disrupt ecosystems significantly. Coastal upwelling systems, because they are biodiversity hot-spots and socioeconomic hubs, are particularly vulnerable to those rapidly developing anomalously warm marine events. The Peruvian coastal system in particular is highly exposed to climate variability because of its proximity to the equator. As such it is regularly impacted by El Niño events whose variability has been related to the longest and most intense MHWs in the region. However the intensively studied El Niño events tend to overshadow the MHWs of shorter duration that also have an important impact on the coastal environment as they can trigger other extreme events such as nearshore hypoxias and harmful algal blooms. </p><p>Using 38 years of satellite sea surface temperature data, we investigate the characteristics (spatial variability, frequency, intensity and duration) and evolution of MHWs in the South Tropical Eastern Pacific, with a focus on the Peru Coastal Upwelling System. The separation of events by duration allows to identify a spectrum, from El Niño events to shorter scale MHWs. Results show that the statistical  distribution of MHWs properties, their spatial organization and preferential season of occurrence varies significantly in function of their duration. Besides, when removing large El Niño events, an increase of occurrences, duration and intensity is observed over the last 38 years, contrary to the reduction that is observed in the region when considering all MHWs. Finally, the possible drivers are discussed to disentangle the role of the local (wind stress) and remote (equatorial variability) forcing in function of the events duration.</p>

Ecotourism in Protected Areas

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaunette M. Sinclair-Maragh
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecological Resources

This chapter explores the role of ecotourism in the sustainable development of protected areas. It specifically examines the aims of ecotourism in simultaneously contributing to economic development and environmental sustainability in protected areas. The chapter further analyzes protected areas within the ecological, human, and institutional dimensions, and demonstrates how the outcomes of ecotourism are linked to the economic, social, and environmental pillars that drive sustainable development. The chapter also discusses challenges surrounding the sustainability of ecotourism in protected areas and several mitigation strategies. It concludes that while ecotourism aims for economic development it can have detrimental effects on the ecological resources and host communities if not managed in a strategic sustainable way. The chapter recommends that ecotourism in protected areas should be carried out within the realm of environmental justice where all stakeholders and the natural environment are treated with respect and equity.

scholarly journals Environmental justice and the politics of pollution: The case of the Formosa Ha Tinh Steel pollution incident in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
pp. 251484862097316
Author(s):  
Mei-Fang Fan ◽  
Chih-Ming Chiu ◽  
Leslie Mabon
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Transnational Networks ◽  
Democratic Participation ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Problem Framing ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Local Narratives ◽  
New Infrastructure

Research on environmental justice in authoritarian regimes, and in particular on how transnational networks support problem framing and claims-making in the absence of state-led democratic participation instances, is limited. This article uses the case of untreated wastewater from a steel mill owned by Taiwanese conglomerate Formosa Plastics Group, which caused mass fish deaths along coastal provinces in Vietnam in 2016, to explore how civic groups and local communities problematize official accounts of events and engage with transnational networks to make claims to environmental injustice. The paper highlights local narratives about the adverse impacts of the disaster on residents’ livelihoods and wellbeing, controversies over the causes of and responsibility for the disaster, and the role of transnational alliances with Taiwan in sustaining and magnifying claims to injustice. We argue that viewing issues such as the Formosa steel incident through a transnational environmental justice lens illuminates the effect of global and national processes of economic reform in shaping uneven environmental and social impacts from new infrastructure developments. We also argue that thinking in terms of transnational networks can make sense of the spaces which can emerge for claims-making in authoritarian contexts, where democratic participation instances and access to knowledge may be restricted.

scholarly journals HGBEnviroScreen: Enabling Community Action through Data Integration in the Houston–Galveston–Brazoria Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila Bhandari ◽  
P. Grace Tee Lewis ◽  
Elena Craft ◽  
Skylar W. Marvel ◽  
David M. Reif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Public Health Challenges ◽  
Baseline Health

The Houston–Galveston–Brazoria (HGB) region faces numerous environmental and public health challenges from both natural disasters and industrial activity, but the historically disadvantaged communities most often impacted by such risks have limited ability to access and utilize big data for advocacy efforts. We developed HGBEnviroScreen to identify and prioritize regions of heightened vulnerability, in part to assist communities in understanding risk factors and developing environmental justice action plans. While similar in objectives to existing environmental justice tools, HGBEnviroScreen is unique in its ability to integrate and visualize national and local data to address regional concerns. For the 1090 census tracts in the HGB region, we accrued data into five domains: (i) social vulnerability, (ii) baseline health, (iii) environmental exposures and risks, (iv) environmental sources, and (v) flooding. We then integrated and visualized these data using the Toxicological Prioritization Index (ToxPi). We found that the highest vulnerability census tracts have multifactorial risk factors, with common drivers being flooding, social vulnerability, and proximity to environmental sources. Thus, HGBEnviroScreen is not only helping identify communities of greatest overall vulnerability but is also providing insights into which domains would most benefit from improved planning, policy, and action in order to reduce future vulnerability.

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