Metabolic variables and plasma leptin concentrations in dairy cows exhibiting reproductive cycle abnormalities identified through milk progesterone monitoring during the post partum period

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Mann ◽  
S.J. Mann ◽  
D. Blache ◽  
R. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Metabolic Variables ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
Plasma Leptin

scholarly journals Resumption of follicular activity in the early post-partum period of dairy cows

Reproduction ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Savio ◽  
M. P. Boland ◽  
N. Hynes ◽  
J. F. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
Follicular Activity

Studies on plasma progesterone concentrations and fertility in Friesland dairy cows during the post-partum period

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Holness ◽  
G. W. Sprowson ◽  
Carole Sheward ◽  
Amanda Geel
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
Embryo Loss

SUMMARYPlasma progesterone concentrations were monitored in 69 lactating Friesland dairy cows during the post-partum period. Cyclic ovarian activity resumed in most cows within 40 days of calving. Forty-eight per cent of cows remained pregnant to their first insemination, 41% returned to oestrus before day 30 after insemination, and a further 11% returned to oestrus between days 30 and 88 after insemination.The mean of progesterone values on days 11 to 4 before insemination tended to be higher in cows that conceived than in cows that did not conceive. These differences were signficant on day –8 (P <0·05) and on days –8, –7, –6 and –5 combined (P <0·01). Cows in which the concentration of progesterone in plasma did not rise above 4·5 ng/ml during this period did not conceive. After insemination, mean progesterone concentrations between pregnant and non-pregnant cows diverged after day +8. Relatively low concentrations of plasma progesterone (< 1 ng/ml) up to day +8 after insemination did not preclude conception. There was no indication that embryo loss between days +30 and +88 after insemination was related to an insufficiency of ovarian progesterone during early pregnancy.

Relationship between plasma leptin concentration and reproductive function in dairy cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 2-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Mann ◽  
D Blache
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Plasma Leptin

In modern dairy cows, poor fertility is an ever-increasing problem. Milk progesterone analysis has revealed that this poor fertility is associated with a high incidence of reproductive cycle problems during the post partum period and with reduced progesterone secretion following mating. One of the likely causes of these problems is the increasing metabolic demand placed on these cows by increasing milk yield. In recent years, the search for an endocrine link between nutritional status and reproductive function has focussed on leptin. The aim of the present study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of leptin differ between cows with and without post partum reproductive problems and to determine if any relationship exists between plasma leptin and post mating plasma progesterone concentration.

Relationships between changes in plasma concentrations of leptin before and after parturition and the timing of first post-partum ovulation in high-producing Holstein dairy cows

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kadokawa ◽  
D. Blache ◽  
Y. Yamada ◽  
G. B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Metabolic Signal ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

During early lactation, dairy cattle are in negative energy balance and the delay to first post-partum ovulation depends on the time taken to recover from this situation. Lactating cows rely heavily on body fat to meet their requirements, leading to the suggestion that leptin, a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes, is acting as a metabolic signal to sites that control the reproductive axis. The relationship between plasma leptin concentrations and the timing of the first ovulation post partum in 20 high-producing Holstein dairy cows, using a radioimmunoassay based on recombinant bovine leptin was studied. Plasma leptin concentrations declined after parturition, reached a nadir of 0.74 ± 0.17 ng mL–1 on 10.1 ± 2.2 days after parturition (all values are mean ± SEM). They then increased and became stable near the time of ovulation. Leptin concentrations averaged 1.81 ± 0.31 ng mL –1 in the 14 days prepartum, 1.32 ± 0.21 ng mL –1 in the post-partum preovulatory period, and 1.61 ± 0.24 ng mL –1 in the post-ovulatory period. The differences between periods were significant (P<0.01). The interval from parturition to first ovulation averaged 25.9 ± 2.0 days and was not correlated with the prepartum, preovulatory or post-ovulatory leptin values. However, the interval to first ovulation correlated significantly (r = 0.83;P<0.0001) with the interval from parturition to the leptin nadir. These results show that plasma concentrations of leptin decrease in dairy cows in the early post-partum period and suggest that a delay in the recovery of leptin secretion increases the delay to the first ovulation.

scholarly journals Behavioural phenomena related to normal and difficult deliveries in dairy cows.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
J. Metz ◽  
J.H.M. Metz
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Recumbent Position ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Spontaneous Expulsion ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
Behavioural Aspects

Behavioural aspects of parturition, as well as the behaviour of cows and calves in the earliest post-partum period were studied in a group of 75 Polish Black and White cows. Distinction was made between unassisted deliveries, deliveries that required a little help (traction by not more than 2 persons) and difficult deliveries, requiring veterinary help. Of the cows 14% gave birth without prior behavioural signs of an approaching delivery, 72% manifested clear signs of preparturient unrest and 70% showed outflow of allantoic fluids before the calf appeared. A large variation was seen in the timing of these preparatory phases. Prolonged unrest, a cessation of labour and no appearance of the calf's feet were the clearest signs that a difficult delivery would follow. After the appearance of the feet, only 48% of the cows were able to expell the fetus within 1 h. Spontaneous expulsion of fetal membranes occurred characteristically within 12 h after parturition. Of the cows whose deliveries were unaided or aided, 86 were in recumbent position during the final phase of expulsion of fetus. The majority (64%) of cows with difficult delivery were standing. Cows separated from their calves lie down earlier after calving than those kept with their newborn. From the latter category those after a difficult delivery spent most time licking their calves, partly in lying position. After a difficult delivery calves started their first attempts to stand later, stood later, and when kept with their mothers, suckled later, than did other calves. The behavioural differences between calves from unaided and partly aided deliveries were small. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Plasma Proteomics Characteristics of Subclinical Vitamin E Deficiency of Dairy Cows During Early Lactation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Qian ◽  
Hongyi Yu ◽  
Cuiyu Zhang ◽  
Hongyou Zhang ◽  
Shixin Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Vitamin E Deficiency ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Plasma Proteomics ◽  
Post Partum Period

Vitamin E (VE) is an essential fat-soluble nutrient for dairy cows. Vitamin E deficiency leads to immune suppression and oxidative stress and increases the susceptibility of cows to reproductive disorders in the early post-partum period. However, studies on plasma proteomics of VE deficiency have not been reported so far. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the changes of blood protein profile in cows with subclinical VE deficiency in the early post-partum period. In this study, plasma protein levels of 14 healthy cows (&gt;4 μg/ml α-tocopherol) and 13 subclinical VE-deficient cows (2–3 μg/ml α-tocopherol) were analyzed by tandem mass tag (TMT). The results showed that there were 26 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the plasma of cows with subclinical VE deficiency compared with healthy controls. Twenty-one kinds of proteins were downregulated, and five kinds were upregulated, among which eight proteins in protein–protein interactions (PPI) network had direct interaction. These proteins are mainly involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, pantothenic acid and coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis, PPAR signaling pathway, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis. The top four DEPs in PPI (APOC3, APOC4, SAA4, PHLD) and one important protein (VNN1) by literature review were further verified by ELISA and Western blot. The expression levels of APOC3, VNN1, and SAA4 were significantly lower than those of healthy controls by ELISA. VNN1 was significantly lower than those of healthy controls by Western blot. VNN1 is closely related to dairy cow subclinical VE deficiency and can be a potential biomarker. It lays a foundation for further research on the lack of pathological mechanism and antioxidative stress of VE.

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