Relationships between changes in plasma concentrations of leptin before and after parturition and the timing of first post-partum ovulation in high-producing Holstein dairy cows

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kadokawa ◽  
D. Blache ◽  
Y. Yamada ◽  
G. B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Metabolic Signal ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

During early lactation, dairy cattle are in negative energy balance and the delay to first post-partum ovulation depends on the time taken to recover from this situation. Lactating cows rely heavily on body fat to meet their requirements, leading to the suggestion that leptin, a hormone secreted mainly by adipocytes, is acting as a metabolic signal to sites that control the reproductive axis. The relationship between plasma leptin concentrations and the timing of the first ovulation post partum in 20 high-producing Holstein dairy cows, using a radioimmunoassay based on recombinant bovine leptin was studied. Plasma leptin concentrations declined after parturition, reached a nadir of 0.74 ± 0.17 ng mL–1 on 10.1 ± 2.2 days after parturition (all values are mean ± SEM). They then increased and became stable near the time of ovulation. Leptin concentrations averaged 1.81 ± 0.31 ng mL –1 in the 14 days prepartum, 1.32 ± 0.21 ng mL –1 in the post-partum preovulatory period, and 1.61 ± 0.24 ng mL –1 in the post-ovulatory period. The differences between periods were significant (P<0.01). The interval from parturition to first ovulation averaged 25.9 ± 2.0 days and was not correlated with the prepartum, preovulatory or post-ovulatory leptin values. However, the interval to first ovulation correlated significantly (r = 0.83;P<0.0001) with the interval from parturition to the leptin nadir. These results show that plasma concentrations of leptin decrease in dairy cows in the early post-partum period and suggest that a delay in the recovery of leptin secretion increases the delay to the first ovulation.

Relationship between plasma leptin concentration and reproductive function in dairy cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 2-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
GE Mann ◽  
D Blache
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Progesterone Secretion ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Plasma Leptin

In modern dairy cows, poor fertility is an ever-increasing problem. Milk progesterone analysis has revealed that this poor fertility is associated with a high incidence of reproductive cycle problems during the post partum period and with reduced progesterone secretion following mating. One of the likely causes of these problems is the increasing metabolic demand placed on these cows by increasing milk yield. In recent years, the search for an endocrine link between nutritional status and reproductive function has focussed on leptin. The aim of the present study was to determine whether plasma concentrations of leptin differ between cows with and without post partum reproductive problems and to determine if any relationship exists between plasma leptin and post mating plasma progesterone concentration.

scholarly journals Decreased concentration of plasma leptin in periparturient dairy cows is caused by negative energy balance

2001 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
SS Block ◽  
WR Butler ◽  
RA Ehrhardt ◽  
AW Bell ◽  
ME Van Amburgh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Maternal Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Dairy cows suffer from an intense energy deficit at parturition due to the onset of copious milk synthesis and depressed appetite. Despite this deficit, maternal metabolism is almost completely devoted to the support of mammary metabolism. Evidence from rodents suggests that, during periods of nutritional insufficiency, a reduction in plasma leptin serves to co-ordinate energy metabolism. As an initial step to determine if leptin plays this role in periparturient dairy cows, changes in the plasma concentration of leptin were measured during the period from 35 days before to 56 days after parturition. The plasma concentration of leptin was reduced by approximately 50% after parturition and remained depressed during lactation despite a gradual improvement in energy balance; corresponding changes occurred in the abundance of leptin mRNA in white adipose tissue. To determine whether negative energy balance caused this reduction in circulating leptin, cows were either milked or not milked after parturition. Absence of milk removal eliminated the energy deficit of early lactation, and doubled the plasma concentration of leptin. The plasma concentration of leptin was positively correlated with plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose, and negatively correlated with plasma concentrations of growth hormone and non-esterified fatty acids. In conclusion, the energy deficit of periparturient cows causes a sustained reduction in plasma leptin. This reduction could benefit early lactating dairy cows by promoting a faster increase in feed intake and by diverting energy from non-vital functions such as reproduction.

Development of a radio-immunoassay (RIA) for bovine and ovine leptin

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 46-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R.G. Wylie ◽  
A.J. Bjourson ◽  
D.J. Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Protein Conjugate ◽  
Radio Immunoassay ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Leptin is the 16 kDa product of the obese gene secreted by white adipose tissue in proportion to energy intake. In several species, plasma leptin levels correlate with, and may be and endogenous signal of, the extent of body fat reserves. Leptin acts via the hypothalamus to regulate feed intake in rodents and may control gonadal activity through this same axis. Significantly, the mutant ob/ob mouse lacks functional leptin and is both hyperobese and infertile. Leptin may be a useful diagnostic and/or therapeutic aid in high-yielding dairy cows in which infertility is rising inexorably and is anecdotally linked to the scale of the early post-partum negative energy balance. Our objectives were to recombinantly synthesise, and raise antibody to, a leptin-protein conjugate and to develop a useful and specific RIA for ruminant leptin.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Haematological Blood Parameters at Different Stages of Lactation in Cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Ovidiu COROIAN ◽  
Vioara MIRESAN ◽  
Aurelia COROIAN ◽  
Camelia RADUCU ◽  
Luisa ANDRONIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Technological Factor ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Blood Biochemical

The health status of cows is evaluated and depending on haematological and biochemical profile of blood. Nutrition is the main technological factor that can produce profound changes in the metabolic profile in animals (Dhiman et al., 1991; Khaled et al., 1999; Ingvartsen, 2006). Blood parameters analyze can lead to identify if there are errors in nutrition of lactating cows (Payne et al., 1970). The aim of this study was the evaluation of metabolic and biochemical changes that occur during colostrum period and in terms of number of lactations in cows. The biological material was represented by a total of 60 heads of dairy cows from a family farm from Sălaj County, Romania. The cows are all from Holstein breed and presented no clinical signs of any specific pathology. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each cow and analyzed. 10 individuals from each of the six lactations have been randomly selected. Haematological and biochemical parameters showed variations depending on factors analyzed here. In lactation 1 Hb was 7.55±3.05 (g/dl), while in lactation 6 the value was 12.5±2.10 (g/dl). RBC ranged as follows: in lactation 1 - 28.50±2.05 and in lactation 6 - 30.02±2.05. Lymphocytes varied within very wide limits under the influence of lactation: in lactation 1 - 2.8±1.56 and in lactation 6 - 7.55±1.80. The number of lactations and lactation rank have influenced blood biochemical and hematological parameters in dairy cows. Biochemical parameters are influenced by post-partum day, showing the lowest values in the early days of colostral period and the highest in the last few days of the same period.

scholarly journals Relationship between expression pattern of vitamin D receptor, 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, and chemokine RANTES genes and selected serum parameters during transition period in Holstein dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000339
Author(s):  
Hala A R Saed ◽  
Hussam M M Ibrahim ◽  
Sabry A El-Khodery ◽  
Mohamed A Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Genetic Expression ◽  
Enzyme Gene ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

ObjectivesThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the pattern of genetic expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1α-OHase) enzyme and chemokine regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in peripheral blood of Holstein dairy cows during transition period.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 16 Holstein dairy cows at 3 weeks prior expected date of delivery (EDD), at the day of parturition, and 3 weeks post-partum for assessment of expression profile of studied genes using real-time PCR and measurement of glucose, ionized calcium (Ca), parathyroid hormone (PTH), inorganic phosphorous (P), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and magnesium (Mg) levels.ResultsCompared with 3 weeks prior EDD, VDR gene expression decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The genetic expression of 1α-OHase enzyme as well as PTH, K, Na and Cl levels increased significantly at the day of parturition. The Ca level decreased significantly at the day of parturition then increased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. The P level increased significantly at the day of parturition then decreased significantly at 3 weeks post-partum. Glucose level decreased significantly at the day of parturition and at 3 weeks post-partum. RANTES gene expression showed non-significant changes among the three different time points. The expression of VDR gene had a negative correlation with the expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene, and serum levels of glucose, PTH, P and K, but had a positive correlation with the serum Ca level. The expression of 1α-OHase enzyme gene had a positive correlation with serum levels of PTH, P and K, but had a negative correlation with the serum Ca level.ConclusionsResults of the current study indicate the importance of monitoring the genetic expression of VDR and 1α-OHase enzyme as indicators of metabolic changes during transition period, suggesting that they are candidate genes to judge the health status of dairy cows during such period.

Milk production, peripartal liver triglyceride concentration and plasma metabolites of dairy cows fed diets supplemented with calcium soaps or hydrogenated triglycerides of palm oil

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland G Karcagi ◽  
Tibor Gaál ◽  
Piroska Ribiczey ◽  
Gyula Huszenicza ◽  
Ferenc Husvéth
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Triglyceride

The aim of the study was to test the effect of rumen-inert fat supplements of different chemical forms or containing different unsaturated/saturated (U/S) fatty acid contents on milk production, milk composition and liver and blood metabolic variables of high-yielding dairy cows in the peripartal period. Thirty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were divided into three equal groups and fed a corn silage-based diet, without fat supplementation (control) or supplemented with 11·75 MJ NEl per day of calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids (CAS; U/S=61/39) or with 11·75 MJ NEl per day of hydrogenated palm oil triglyceride (HTG; U/S=6/94). Each diet was fed from 25±2 d prior to the expected calving to 100±5 d post partum. Compared with the control, both CAS and HTG supplementation resulted in an increase of the average milk yield. Milk fat content and fat-corrected milk yield were higher in the HTG group but lower in the CAS group than in the control group. In all groups liver triglyceride concentrations (TGL) increased from 15 d prepartum to 5 d post partum, and then decreased thereafter. At 5 d TGL was lower in the HTG group than control or CAS cows. No significant differences were detected in TGL among dietary treatments at 15 d prepartum and 25 d post partum. Higher plasma glucose and insulin and lower non-esterified fattay acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and aspartate aminotransferase activity were measured in the HTG group than in the control or CAS groups at 5 d or 25 d post partum. Our results show that HTG may provide a better energy supply for high-yielding dairy cows in negative energy balance than CAS around calving.

scholarly journals Peripartal Rumen-Protected L-Carnitine Manipulates the Productive and Blood Metabolic Responses in High-Producing Holstein Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
Hassan Kargar ◽  
Sadjad Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
Ali Javadmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aimed to monitor the effect of including rumen-protected L-carnitine (Carneon 20 Rumin-Pro, Kaesler Nutrition GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) in the transition diet on the productive and metabolic responses of multiparous high-producing Holstein dairy cows. Thirty-two multiparous cows were allocated in a completely randomized design to receive the same diet plus 60 g fat prill containing 85% palmitic acid (control, n = 16) or 100 g rumen-protected L-carnitine (RLC, n = 16); at 28 days before expected calving until 28 days in milk (DIM). Fat prill was included in the control diet to balance the palmitic acid content of both experimental diets. Milk production over the 28 DIM for the control and RLC groups was 46.5 and 47.7 kg, respectively. Milk fat content tended to increase upon rumen-protected L-carnitine inclusion (p = 0.1). Cows fed rumen-protected L-carnitine had higher fat- and energy-corrected milk compared with the control group. Pre- and post-partum administration of L-carnitine decreased both high- and low-density lipoprotein concentrations in peripheral blood of post-partum cows. The results of this study indicated that the concentration of triglycerides and beta-hydroxybutyrate was not significantly different between the groups, whereas the blood non-esterified fatty acid concentration was markedly decreased in cows supplemented with L-carnitine. Animals in the RLC group had a significant (p &lt; 0.05) lower blood haptoglobin concentration at 7 and 14 DIM than the control. Animals in the RLC group had a lower concentration of blood enzymes than those of the control group. The mRNA abundance of Toll-like receptors 4, cluster of differentiation 14, and myeloid differential protein 2 did not significantly change upon the supplementation of L-carnitine in the transition diet. In summary, the dietary inclusion of RLC improved dairy cow's performance during the early lactation period. Greater production, at least in part, is driven by improved energy utilization efficiency and enhanced metabolic status in animals during the periparturient period.

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