A reliable method using the cytobrush for diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in dairy cattle during the late lactational period

2021 ◽  
pp. 106891
Author(s):  
Mehmet Cengiz ◽  
Serdar Altun ◽  
Selim Comakli ◽  
Seyda Cengiz ◽  
Armagan Hayirli
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

scholarly journals Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cattle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Angel Quintela Arias ◽  
Marcos Vigo Fernández ◽  
Juan José Becerra González ◽  
Mónica Barrio López ◽  
Pedro José García Herradón and Ana Isabel Peña Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

scholarly journals Postpartum Uterine Infections in Cows: Diagnosis and Treatment - An Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Sharma ◽  
Madhumeet Singh ◽  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Pravesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Environmental Contaminants ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Diagnostic Purpose ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis ◽  
Endometrial Cytology

Postpartum uterine infections result from uterine contamination with pathogens during parturition. Most of the pathogens are environmental contaminants that are gradually eliminated during the first 6 weeks postpartum. Vaginoscopy is considered to be more accurate than rectal palpation for diagnostic purpose. Transrectal ultrasonography is helpful for the diagnosis of clinical endometrits and pyometra. Subclinical endometritis (SCE) can be detected after three weeks postpartum with the help of endometrial cytology. Administration of PGF2α or intrauterine infusion of cephapirin is the treatment of choice for chronic endometritis but in case of SCE, results are inconsistent. Immunomodulators, ozone pearls or foam have also been used for treatment of postpartum uterine infections. Economic losses associated with uterine infections in dairy cattle are due to cost of diagnosis and treatment of the infection, associated milk reduction and reduced fertility.

Subclinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in grazing dairy cattle in Argentina

2010 ◽  
Vol 122 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Plöntzke ◽  
L.V. Madoz ◽  
R.L. De la Sota ◽  
M. Drillich ◽  
W. Heuwieser
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

scholarly journals Subclinical endometritis in dairy cattle is associated with distinct mRNA expression patterns in blood and endometrium

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. e0220244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Raliou ◽  
Doulaye Dembélé ◽  
Anna Düvel ◽  
Philippe Bolifraud ◽  
Julie Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

scholarly journals Concentration of C-reactive protein and haptoglobin in cows with subclinical endometritis

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
T. Basarab ◽  
V. Stefanyk ◽  
M. Ivakhiv ◽  
W. Niżański
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Haptoglobin Concentration ◽  
Subclinical Endometritis

Acute phase proteins are blood components synthesized by hepatocytes, basic function of which is to defend the organism as part of the immune response to inflammation, trauma, infection, stress, neoplasia. They trigger a complex systemic reaction in order to restore homeostasis recovery of the organism. Proinflammatory cytokines increase their activity in response to the effect of pathogenic microorganisms which are intense stimulants to the production of acute phase proteins. It is known that postpartum uterine contamination is common among many cows. Normally, infections and inflammations are eliminated by the immune response of the uterus. However, about 40% of dairy cattle develop clinical metritis. The aim of this study was to determine changes of C-reactive protein and haptoglobin concentration in healthy cows and with subclinical endometritis. The study was conductedat NNVTS "Komarnivsʹkyy" Horodok district, Lviv region. Two groups of cows of Ukrainian blackand-white dairy breed, aged from 4 to 7 years old, were investigated. The control group included twenty (n = 20) clinically healthy cows. Experimental group included twenty (n = 20) cows with subclinical endometritis. It was found that in the blood serum of healthy cows C-reactive protein concentration was 11,25±1,07 µg/ml. Significant increase (P˂0,001) of C-reactive protein concentration in cows with subclinical endometritis (72,57±18,11 µg/ml) was observed. In the blood serum of healthy cows haptoglobin concentration was 22,5±5,50 mg/l. Significant increase (P ˂0,001) of C-reactive protein concentration in cows with subclinical endometritis (72,57±18,11 µg/ml) was observed. In the blood serum of healthy cows haptoglobin concentration was 22,5±5,50 mg/l. Significant increase (P ˂0,001) of C-reactive protein concentration in cows with subclinical endometritis (72,57±18,11 µg/ml) was observed. In the blood serum of healthy cows haptoglobin concentration was 22,5±5,50 mg/l. Significant increase (P <0,001) of haptoglobin concentration in cows with subclinical endometritis (771,5±122,66 mg/l) was observed. The presented study shows that in cows with subclinical endometritis, increase of C-reactive protein and haptoglobin was observed. Determination of concentration of these proteins can be an informative indicator of subclinical inflammatory process in the uterus of cows. In future research it is important to determine change of IL and TNF-a expression depending on the condition of the uterus. Key words: acute phase proteins, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, subclinical endometritis, dairy cattle, uterus.

Quantitative Diameter Measurements of Chromatin and TMV Fibers in the Freeze-Dried State

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
B. D. Athey ◽  
A. L. Stout ◽  
M. F. Smith ◽  
J. P. Langmore
Keyword(s):  
Reliable Method ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Fiber Axis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Expected Values

Although there is general agreement that Inactive chromosome fibers consist of helically packed nucleosomes, the pattern of packing is still undetermined. Only one of the proposed models, the crossed-linker model, predicts a variable diameter dependent on the length of DNA between nucleosomes. Measurements of the fiber diameter of negatively-stained and frozen- hydrated- chromatin from Thyone sperm (87bp linker) and Necturus erythrocytes (48bp linker) have been previously reported from this laboratory. We now introduce a more reliable method of measuring the diameters of electron images of fibrous objects. The procedure uses a modified version of the computer program TOTAL, which takes a two-dimensional projection of the fiber density (represented by the micrograph itself) and projects it down the fiber axis onto one dimension. We illustrate this method using high contrast, in-focus STEM images of TMV and chromatin from Thyone and Necturus. The measured diameters are in quantitative agreement with the expected values for the crossed-linker model for chromatin structure

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

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