Race in association with physical and mental health among former professional American-style football players: findings from the Football Players Health Study

It is well known that Hispanic immigrants exhibit better physical and mental health than their U.S.-born counterparts. Scholars theorize that stronger orientations toward the family, also known as familism, could contribute to this immigrant advantage. Yet, little work directly tests whether familial attitudes may be responsible for the favorable health of foreign-born Hispanics. We investigate this possibility using biomarkers, anthropometrics, and mental health assessments from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (N = 4,078). Results demonstrate that the relationship between familial attitudes and health vary depending on the outcome assessed. While Hispanics with strong attitudes toward familial support have fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, those who report high referent familism display worse mental health outcomes. We find little evidence that familism is linked to physical health or that immigrant generation moderates the relationship of interest. Our results challenge assumptions that familism is responsible for the comparably better health of foreign-born Hispanics.

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Bi-directional associations between healthy lifestyles and mood disorders in young adults: The Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291716000738 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (12) ◽

pp. 2535-2548 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. L. Gall ◽

K. Sanderson ◽

K. J. Smith ◽

G. Patton ◽

T. Dwyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Mood Disorder ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Health Study ◽

Healthy Lifestyles ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Physical And Mental Health

BackgroundHealthy lifestyles prevent cardiovascular disease and are increasingly recognized in relation to mental health but longitudinal studies are limited. We examined bi-directional associations between mood disorders and healthy lifestyles in a cohort followed for 5 years.MethodParticipants were aged 26–36 years at baseline (2004–2006) and 31–41 years at follow-up (2009–2011). At follow-up, lifetime mood disorders (depression or dysthymia) were retrospectively diagnosed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A five-item lifestyle score (comprising body mass index, non-smoking, alcohol consumption, leisure time physical activity and healthy diet) was measured at both time points. Linear and log multinomial regression determined if mood disorder before baseline predicted changes in lifestyle (n= 1041). Log binomial regression estimated whether lifestyle at baseline predicted new episodes of mood disorder (n= 1233). Covariates included age, sex, socio-economic position, parental and marital status, social support, major life events, cardiovascular disease history, and self-rated physical and mental health.ResultsA history of mood disorder before baseline predicted unfavourable trajectories of lifestyle over follow-up, including somewhat lower risk of improvement [relative risk (RR) 0.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56–1.03] and greater risk of worsening (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.99–2.15) of lifestyle independent of confounding factors. Higher lifestyle scores at baseline were associated with a 22% (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.61–0.95) reduced risk of first episodes of mood disorder, independent of confounding factors.ConclusionsHealthy lifestyles and mood disorders are closely related. Our results suggest that healthy lifestyles may not only reduce cardiovascular disease but also promote mental health.

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Selenium and zinc in hair and toenails in relation to the physical and mental health status of older adults: The Freemasons Health study in New Zealand

Australasian Journal on Ageing ◽

10.1111/j.1741-6612.2007.00252.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 180-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shaheenul Islam ◽

Kristie Carter ◽

Cliona Ni Mhurchu ◽

Craig S Anderson

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

New Zealand ◽

Health Status ◽

Mental Health Status ◽

Health Study ◽

Physical And Mental Health

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Determinants of Chronic Biological Stress, Measured as Hair Cortisol Concentration, in a General Population of Adolescents: From Individual and Household Characteristics to Neighborhood Urbanicity

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.669022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Veerle J. Verheyen ◽

Sylvie Remy ◽

Eva Govarts ◽

Ann Colles ◽

Gudrun Koppen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

General Population ◽

Economic Status ◽

Cortisol Concentration ◽

Health Study ◽

Hair Cortisol ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Environment And Health ◽

Biological Stress

Chronic biological stress may adversely affect adolescents' physical and mental health, but insight in the personal and environmental factors that determine chronic stress is limited. We measured 3-month cumulative hair cortisol concentration (HCC) in 419 adolescents, participating in the Flemish Environment and Health Study. Adolescents' health and lifestyle characteristics, household and neighborhood socio-economic status as well as neighborhood urbanicity were assessed as potential determinants of HCC, using multiple linear regression models. We additionally explored heterogeneity of our results by sex. HCC were significantly higher in boys from densely populated neighborhoods, the association was not significant in girls. Accordingly, boys living outside cities had significantly lower HCC than boys, living in cities. HCC was significantly lower in adolescents with an optimal vitality, a measure of a positive mental health status. In adolescent girls, menarcheal status (pre-/postmenarche) was a significant determinant of HCC. Our findings are the first to suggest that residential urbanicity may have an impact on chronic biological stress in a general population of adolescent boys.

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Modifiable Risk Factors for Poor Cognitive Function in Former American-Style Football Players: Findings from the Harvard Football Players Health Study

Journal of Neurotrauma ◽

10.1089/neu.2020.7070 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrea L. Roberts ◽

Ross D. Zafonte ◽

Frank E. Speizer ◽

Aaron Baggish ◽

Herman A. Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Health Study ◽

Football Players ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Poor Cognitive Function ◽

American Style

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The Health Status of Retired American Football Players

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546507302219 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 1674-1679 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Stephen J. Nicholas ◽

James A. Nicholas ◽

Calvin Nicholas ◽

Jennifer R. Diecchio ◽

Malachy P. McHugh

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Back Pain ◽

Physical Health ◽

Poor Health ◽

American Football ◽

Football Players ◽

Professional Football ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Population Norms ◽

Sf 36

Background Despite a perception that retired professional football players have poor health, there are little supporting data. Hypothesis Retired football players have poor health compared with age-matched population norms. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Thirty-six of 41 members of the 1969 Super Bowl winning team were contacted 35 years after that event (3 were deceased, and no contact information was available for 2). Players completed an SF-36 health survey and a medical history and football-specific questionnaire. Each player's football-related injury history before 1969 was documented from medical records. It was estimated that there was 80% power to detect a 10% difference in physical and mental health scores between the retired football players (age, 62 ± 3 y) and population norms (n = 741) at an alpha level of 0.05. Results SF-36 scores for physical and mental health were not different from age-matched norms (physical health P = .69; mental health P = .49). The most prevalent medical conditions were arthritis (24 of 36 players), hypertension (13 of 36 players), and chronic low back pain (13 of 36 players). SF-36 physical health scores were 21% lower in players with arthritis (P < .01) and back pain (P < .05) compared with the other players. Physical health scores were 19% above normal for players without arthritis (P < .01) and not different from normal for players with arthritis (6% lower; P = .6). Four of 8 players who had major ligamentous injuries to the knee before 1969 had total knee arthroplasty in the intervening years, compared with 3 of the remaining 28 players (P < .05). The men played professional football for 8.3 ± 3.8 years, and 33 players (94%) reported having had “very fulfilling” (n = 24) or “somewhat fulfilling” (n = 9) careers. Conclusion These professional football players had long and fulfilling careers with no apparent long-term detrimental effects on physical or mental health scores despite a high prevalence of arthritis.

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Is John Henryism a Health Risk or Resource?: Exploring the Role of Culturally Relevant Coping for Physical and Mental Health among Black Americans

Journal of Health and Social Behavior ◽

10.1177/00221465211009142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 136-151

Author(s):

Millicent N. Robinson ◽

Courtney S. Thomas Tobin

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Health Risk ◽

Allostatic Load ◽

Community Sample ◽

Black Americans ◽

Health Study ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

John Henryism ◽

Study Results

Research shows that John Henryism, a high-effort, active coping style, is associated with poor physical health, whereas others suggest it may be psychologically beneficial. As such, it is unclear whether John Henryism represents a health risk or resource for black Americans and whether its impact varies across sociodemographic and gender groups. The present study used data from a representative community sample of black Americans (n = 627) from the Nashville Stress and Health Study (2011–2014) to clarify the physical and mental health consequences of John Henryism by assessing its relationship with depressive symptoms and allostatic load (AL). Results indicate that John Henryism is associated with increased AL scores and fewer depressive symptoms. Additionally, the association between John Henryism and AL is conditional on socioeconomic status. Study results underscore the importance of evaluating both physical and mental health to clarify the health significance of John Henryism among black Americans.

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Pain Catastrophizing and Its Relationship with Health Outcomes: Does Pain Intensity Matter?

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2017/9762864 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Carlos Suso-Ribera ◽

Azucena García-Palacios ◽

Cristina Botella ◽

Maria Victoria Ribera-Canudas

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Pain Interference ◽

Health Study ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Study ◽

The Relationship ◽

Pain Patients

Pain catastrophizing is known to contribute to physical and mental functioning, even when controlling for the effect of pain intensity. However, research has yet to explore whether the strength of the relationship between pain catastrophizing and pain-related outcomes varies across pain intensity levels (i.e., moderation). If this was the case, it would have important implications for existing models of pain and current interventions. The present investigation explored whether pain intensity moderates the relationship between pain catastrophizing and pain-related outcomes. Participants were 254 patients (62% women) with heterogeneous chronic pain. Patients completed a measure of pain intensity, pain interference, pain catastrophizing, and physical and mental health. Pain intensity moderated the relationship between pain catastrophizing and pain interference and between pain catastrophizing and physical health status. Specifically, the strength of the correlation between pain catastrophizing and these outcomes decreased considerably as pain intensity increased. In contrast, pain intensity did not moderate the relationship between pain catastrophizing and mental health. Study findings provide a new insight into the role of pain intensity (i.e., moderator) in the relationship between pain catastrophizing and various pain-related outcomes, which might help develop existent models of pain. Clinical implications are discussed in the context of personalized therapy.

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Ankle osteoarthritis and its association with severe ankle injuries, ankle surgeries and health-related quality of life in recently retired professional male football and rugby players: a cross-sectional observational study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036775 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. e036775

Author(s):

Liam D. A. Paget ◽

Haruhito Aoki ◽

Simon Kemp ◽

Mike Lambert ◽

Clint Readhead ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Ankle Injuries ◽

Football Players ◽

Professional Football ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Related Qol ◽

Health Related ◽

Rugby Players

ObjectivesTo determine (1) the prevalence of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) among former professional football and rugby players, (2) assess the association between ankle injuries or ankle surgeries with ankle OA, and (3) compare the mental and physical quality of life (QoL) between former professional football and rugby players with and without OA.MethodsWe conducted a questionnaire-based observational study with a cross-sectional design. Former professional football and rugby players were recruited by the Football Players Worldwide and the International Rugby Players. Information concerning ankle OA, sustained ankle injuries and ankle surgeries was gathered (medical record or most recent medical professional). Health-related QoL was assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical and mental health scores.ResultsOverall, 553 former professional football (n=401) and rugby (n=152) players were enrolled in the study (response rate of 56%). Ankle OA prevalence among former professional football and rugby players was 9.2% and 4.6%, respectively. Football players were more likely to suffer from ankle OA following every ankle injury and/or surgery. Football and rugby players with ankle OA had similar PROMIS physical and mental health scores to the norm for the general population.ConclusionFormer professional football and rugby players had higher ankle OA prevalence than the general population (3.4%). Football players are more likely to suffer from ankle OA following every ankle injury and/or surgery. No clinically relevant difference was seen for physical or mental health-related QoL among football and rugby players. Preventive measures for ankle injuries are recommended.

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