Temperature control in energy grass pellet production – Effects on process stability and pellet quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia H. Larsson ◽  
Magnus Rudolfsson
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Process Stability ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
Production Effects

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Affecting Miscanthus Pellet Production and Pellet Quality using Response Surface Methodology

BioResources ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Ho Moon ◽  
Jungwoo Yang ◽  
Bon-Cheol Koo ◽  
Jong-Woong An ◽  
Young-Lok Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pellet Production

scholarly journals Pellet Production from Woody and Non-Woody Feedstocks: A Review on Biomass Quality Evaluation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Picchio ◽  
Francesco Latterini ◽  
Rachele Venanzi ◽  
Walter Stefanoni ◽  
Alessandro Suardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Pellet Production

Forest and agricultural biomass are important sources of renewable and sustainable fuel for energy production. Their increasing consumption is mainly related to the increase in global energy demand and fossil fuel prices but also to the limited availability of petroleum and the lower environmental impact of these biomass compared with other non-renewable fuels. In particular, the pellet sector has seen important developments in terms of both production and the number of installed transformation plants. In addition, pellet production from non-woody biomass is increasing in importance. One of the fundamental aspects for the correct and sustainable use of a biofuel is evaluation of its quality. This is even more important when dealing with pellet production, considering the broad spectrum of possible raw materials for pelletizing. Considering the significant number of papers dealing with pellet quality evaluation and improvement in the last decade, this review aims to give the reader an overall view of the most current knowledge about this large and interesting topic. We focused on pellets of agricultural and forestry origin and analyzed papers regarding the specific topic of pellet quality evaluation and improvement from the last five years (2016–2020). In particular, the review findings are presented in the following order: the influence of different agro-forest management systems on pellet quality; analysis of pellets from pure feedstocks (no blending or binders); the influence of blending and binders on pellet quality; and the influence of pre and post treatments. Finally, a brief discussion about actual research lacks in this topic and the possibilities for future research are presented. It is important to underline that the present review is focused on the influence of the biomass characteristics on pellet quality. The effects of the process parameters (die temperature, applied pressure, holding time) on pellet features are not considered in this review, because that is another very large topic deserving a dedicated paper.

scholarly journals Optimizing Quality of Wood Pellets Made of Hardwood Processing Residues

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiffault ◽  
Barrette ◽  
Blanchet ◽  
Nguyen ◽  
Adjalle
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Green Wood ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Pellet Production

Small-scale wood pellet producers often use a trial-and-error approach for determining adequate blending of available wood processing residues and pelletizing parameters. Developing general guidelines for optimizing wood pellet quality and meeting market standards would facilitate their market entry and profitability. Four types of hardwood residues, including green wood chips, dry shavings, and solid and engineered wood sawdust, were investigated to determine the optimum blends of feedstocks and pelletizing conditions to produce pellets with low friction force, high density and high mechanical strength. The feedstock properties reported in this study included particle size distribution, wood moisture content, bulk density, ash content, calorific values, hemicelluloses, lignin, cellulose, extractives, ash major and minor elements, and carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. All residues tested could potentially be used for wood pellet production. However, high concentrations of metals, such as aluminum, could restrict their use for accessing markets for high-quality pellets. Feedstock moisture content and composition (controlled by the proportions of the various residue sources within blends) were the most important parameters that determined pellet quality, with pelletizing process parameters having less overall influence. Residue blends with a moisture content of 9%–13.5% (dry basis), composed of 25%–50% of sawdust generated by sawing of wood pieces and a portion of green chips generated by trimming of green wood, when combined with a compressive force of 2000 N or more during pelletizing, provided optimum results in terms of minimizing friction and increasing pellet density and mechanical strength. Developing formal relationships between the type of process that generates residues, the properties of residues hence generated, and the quality of wood pellets can contribute to optimize pellet production methods.

scholarly journals Effect of glauconite, sepiolite and oil supplementation on pellet quality parameters in poultry compound feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 2391
Author(s):  
G. YILDIZ ◽  
Ö. DURNA AYDIN
Keyword(s):  
Water Activity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
Durability Index ◽  
Pellet Feed ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of this study was conducted to determine the effect of glauconite, sepiolite and oil on pellet quality parameters in poultry compound feed. There are limited studies with supplementation of different levels of sepiolite and glauconite clay minerals in diets about pellet quality during the pelleting processes. Thus, the effect of sepiolite and glauconite on pellet quality parameters was investigated in our study. The study was carried out in two different. Firstly, 1% and 2% levels sepiolite and glauconite were added to each concentrate in pellet production without adding oil. Secondly, 1% and 2% levels of sepiolite, glauconite and 1% oil were added to the concentrates during pelleting. In both experiments, the trial consisted of 1 control and 4 trial groups. Pellet concentrate feeds were produced with 7 batches (each batch was 100 kg). The disc that has hole diameter 3.5 mm and wall thickness of 70 mm was used in production. At the end of the study, dry matter level of the pellets was statistically influenced by the addition of sepiolite, glauconite and oil in poultry compound pellet feed The lowest pellet dry matter value belongs to C and CO groups (p<0.05). Pellet durability index of poultry compound pellet feed were not statistically affected by the addition of sepiolite, glauconite and oil. Pellet water activity of poultry compound pellet feed were not statistically affected by the addition of sepiolite, glauconite and oil. However, the pellet water activity of laying hens pellet concentrates (without oil addition) were statistically affected by the addition of sepiolite and glauconite (p<0.05). Pellet water activity has the lowest value especially in the groups in which glauconite is added. In conclusion, these findings showed that glauconite, sepiolite and oil can be used for pellet quality in poultry compound feed (especially laying hen feed) and improve pellet storage conditions and due to the positive effect of glauconite and sepiolite on pellet water activity.

scholarly journals The Wood Pellet Sector: Barriers to Growth and Opinions of Manufacturers in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 19(34) (4) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Anna Klepacka ◽  
Wojciech Florkowski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
Barriers To Growth ◽  
The Eu

Biomass is a major source of renewable energy in the EU and Poland, stimulating the growth of the wood pellet sector. Wood pellet demand is stimulated by a complex interaction of market forces and policies including EU climate, energy, and environmental regulations, Poland’s program to improve air quality, and subsidies for the replacement of inefficient stoves used by households. This article focuses on the growth of the wood pellet industry, imports and exports in Poland, and wood pellet quality and use by households. The main issues faced by the EU wood pellet sector between 2013 and 2016 are further considered in the context of opinions of Polish wood pellet manufacturers. Industry opinions were collected in response to an open-ended question that probed for the main issues faced by wood pellet producers during the survey implemented by the authors in 2019. Respondents identified difficulties in obtaining raw material for pellet production and poor pellet quality as major problems. Although the majority did not feel concerned about competition from imported wood pellets, a small number of respondents viewed such competition as a problem reflecting the reversal of decreasing imports in 2017. Overall, the domestic wood pellet industry can be expected to grow because of increasing pressure to expand the use of renewable energy and will be driven by the household sector switching to more efficient, wood burning stoves. Additionally, the expanding area of private Polish forests may become a source of much-needed raw material for wood pellet manufacturing.

A High Angle, Double Tilting Cold Stage for the AEI EM7

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
P.R. Swann ◽  
A.E. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Habit Plane ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Drift ◽  
High Angle ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Better Than

Figure 1 shows the design of a specimen stage used for the in situ observation of phase transformations in the temperature range between ambient and −160°C. The design has the following features a high degree of specimen stability during tilting linear tilt actuation about two orthogonal axes for accurate control of tilt angle read-out high angle tilt range for stereo work and habit plane determination simple, robust construction temperature control of better than ±0.5°C minimum thermal drift and transmission of vibration from the cooling system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document