Daytime ingestive behaviour of grazing heifers under tropical silvopastoral systems: responses to shade and grazing management

2021 ◽  
pp. 105360
Author(s):  
Caroline Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Roberto Giolo de Almeida ◽  
Nivaldo Karvatte Junior ◽  
Severino Delmar Junqueira Villela ◽  
Davi José Bungenstab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Management ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour

Management of grazing systems

1989 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Stocking Rates

Recent assessments of the relative importance of stocking rate. stocking policy and grazing management on the output from pastoral systems are used as a starting point to argue the need for objective pasture assessments to aid control of livestock enterprises to meet production targets. Variations in stocking rates, stocking policy and other management practices all provide alternative means of control of pasture conditions which are the major determinants of pasture and animal performance. Understanding of the influence of pasture conditions on systems performance should provide a better basis for management control and for Communication between farmers, extension officers and researchers. Keywords: Stocking rate, pasture condition, pasture cover

Regular estimates of paddock pasture mass can improve profitability on New Zealand dairy farms

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Beukes ◽  
S. Mccarthy ◽  
C.M. Wims ◽  
A.J. Romera
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Value Proposition ◽  
Perfect Knowledge ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
A Value ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Imperfect Knowledge ◽  
Farm Scale

Paddock selection is an important component of grazing management and is based on either some estimate of pasture mass (cover) or the interval since last grazing for each paddock. Obtaining estimates of cover to guide grazing management can be a time consuming task. A value proposition could assist farmers in deciding whether to invest resources in obtaining such information. A farm-scale simulation exercise was designed to estimate the effect of three levels of knowledge of individual paddock cover on profitability: 1) "perfect knowledge", where cover per paddock is known with perfect accuracy, 2) "imperfect knowledge", where cover per paddock is estimated with an average error of 15%, 3) "low knowledge", where cover is not known, and paddocks are selected based on longest time since last grazing. Grazing management based on imperfect knowledge increased farm operating profit by approximately $385/ha compared with low knowledge, while perfect knowledge added a further $140/ha. The main driver of these results is the level of accuracy in daily feed allocation, which increases with improving knowledge of pasture availability. This allows feed supply and demand to be better matched, resulting in less incidence of under- and over-feeding, higher milk production, and more optimal post-grazing residuals to maximise pasture regrowth. Keywords: modelling, paddock selection, pasture cover

MANAGEMENT OF NEW CULTIVARS FOR DRYLAND

1983 ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Lancashire ◽  
J.L. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
New Cultivars

Some characteristics of seed quality, establishment rates, performance in mixtures and response to grazing management of 5 new pasture plants with potential in dryland are described. On a dry hill country site in the Wairarapa, the contribution of the sown grasses established in separate plots with clovers under rotational grazing was 'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot 65%; 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris 23%; 'Grasslands Matua' prairie grass 22%; and 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue 13% after 2 years. The other main grass species was resident perennial ryegrass which established from buried seed (ca. 240 plants/m*) and had a major impact on the establishment and growth of the sown grasses. On a seasonally dry Manawatu flat land soil 3 grazing managementsviz. set stocked all year (S); rotational all year (R); and combination (Cl (set stocked from lambing to drafting and rotational for the remainder of the year) were applied to mixtures of the new cultivars (except that 'Grasslands Apanui' cocksfoot replaced Wana) with ryegrass and white clover stocked at 20 sheep/ha. After 3 years the contribution of the new cultivars was negligible under S and ryegrass was dominant. The R pastures became cocksfoot dominant and Matua (in winter) and chicory (in summer) contributed more than in the S system. The C system produced the most evenly balanced species contribution with only Roa remaining at (5%. A sub-trial with cocksfoot cultivars demonstrated that Wana maintained better production and tiller density ~ll,000/m2 ) than Apanui (1000/m' ) under set stocking IS). Although some of the new cultivars will require specialised management procedures to fulfil their potential in dryland, the increasing and widespread use of Matua prairie grass in farming suggests that these techniques can be adopted in commercial agriculture provided good technical information is available in a management package when the cultivar is released. Keywords: Dryland, grazing management, mixtures, Matua prairie grass, Wana cocksfoot, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, Chicory

MATCHING INGESTIVE BEHAVIOUR OF GOATS TO LOCAL FEED RESOURCES

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phan Vũ Hải ◽  
Hồ Trung Thông ◽  
Đàm Văn Tiện
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Local Feed Resources ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour

This study was undertaken to find ways of reducing the time taken by goats tobegin to eat an edible feed that they have not previously encountered. Experiment 1demonstrated that the time taken for goats (7-8 months old) to ingest an unfamiliar feed(rice straw) was shorter (4 days) when it was first offered to them in the presence offamiliar positive cues (the odor or flavor of juices extracted from previously eaten,nutritionally beneficial grasses), than if it was offered in the absence of such cues (10 days).In contrast, when the feed was offered in the presence of the odor of parasitised goat feces,the time to first ingestion was extended to 20 days. Experiment 2 showed that when sixmonthold goats were exposed to feeds they had not experienced previously (rice straw orrice bran) they did not ingest these feeds in less than 7 days. However, they commencedingesting these feeds immediately if they had been exposed to them, prior to weaning, inthe presence of their mother or another adult goat. Application of the principles of feedingbehavior, as illustrated by the present studies, to goats in Vietnam may improve theirproduction, especially when diets are changed frequently and include both familiar andunfamiliar materials.Keywords: Behavior; Diet selection; Flavor; Neophobia; Social facilitation; Goat.

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