Long-term combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure shapes the gut microbial diversity and functional community structures of earthworms

Continuous addition of chemical fertilizers poses problems like toxicity due to high amounts of salts as residues of fertilizer and deterioration of the physico-chemical properties. Organic manure ameliorates this problem as organic matter helps in increasing adsorptive power of soil for cations and anions particularly phosphate and nitrate. The continuous use of chemical fertilizers over a long period may cause imbalance in the microbial population and there by indirectly affect the biological properties. The microbial biomass, which is the total sum of all microorganisms present in soil, serves as a temporary sink for nutrients including nitrogen and can be considered as an index of soil fertility. Soil harbours dynamic population of microorganisms, which play major role in decomposition of organic matter and transformation of plant nutrients. The availability of organically bounded nitrogen through transformation in soil to the plant mainly depends on the population of microorganisms, which may be influenced by the application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure.

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Soil Carbon Pools, Carbon and Nitrogen Storage Pattern in Soil Aggregate Fractions under Long-term Application of Organic and Synthetic Fertilizers in Rice-Wheat System: A Review

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i1630734 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 53-65

Author(s):

Shipra Yadav ◽

R. K. Naresh ◽

. Vivek ◽

M. Sharath Chandra ◽

N. C. Mahajan

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Critical Role ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Nutrient Loss ◽

Carbon Pools ◽

Soil Productivity ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Important Indicator

Soil organic matter (SOM) has long been recognized as an important indicator of soil productivity. The SOM refers to the organic fraction of undecayed plant and animal residues. The preservation of SOM is crucial to ensure long-term sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. OM plays a critical role in the global carbon balance that is thought to be the major factor affecting global warming. Overall, adequate amounts of SOM maintain soil quality and reduce environmental pollution. SOC concentrations and storage to 60 cm depth are significantly influenced due to long-term fertilization. The SOC storage in 0–60 cm in NP+FYM (farmyard manure), NP+S, FYM and NP treatments were increased as compared to the CK treatment. The concentration of particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in organic manure plus inorganic fertilizer treatments (NP+S and NP+FYM) in 0–60 cm depth increased linearly with increasing SOC content. Light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) was also significantly higher following the treatments including organic amendment than following applications solely of chemical fertilizers. Application solely of chemical fertilizers had no significant effects on LFOC and KMnO4C fractions compared with unfertilized control plots. Carbon pools were significantly correlated with SOC, which increased with application of organic amendments. Threshold C input of 3.3 MgCha-1 yr-1 was needed to maintain the SOC stock even at the low antecedent level. This review study will be helpful in crafting sustainable nutrient management programs in the future to enhance crop productivity with high efficiency and minimum nutrient loss. Therefore, fertilization strategies that include organic manure can increase the pool of stable C in the surface soil layer, while at the same time increasing concentrations and proportions of labile C. Organic manure use contributes to improved nutrient cycling services and higher soil quality in rice-wheat system.

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Effect of FYM, N, P Fertilizers and Biofertilizers on Germination and Growth of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.)

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.35.59 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 59-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Rajasekaran ◽

P. Sundaramoorthy ◽

K. Sankar Ganesh

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Combined Application ◽

Pigment Contents ◽

Germination And Growth ◽

P Fertilizers

Biofertilizers are becoming increasingly popular in many countries and for many crops, but very few studies on their effect on growth in seedling stage have been conducted in rice. The experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions due to organic manure, fertilizers and bio fertilizers were observed in all experiments. The treatments such as organic manure, chemical fertilizers and Biofertilizers alone and in combination were applied. The growth parameters viz. germination percentage, root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight were measured. Similarly the pigment contents such as chlorophyll-a, b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid were also measured at seventh day after sowing. All the parameters were higher in combined application of Biofertilizers than in single application and other treatments including control.

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Effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrient uptake and sustainable grain yield in transplanted aman rice

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v15i1.33149 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 43-53

Author(s):

MS Naher ◽

AK Paul

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Integrated Nutrient Management ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Total N ◽

Combined Application ◽

S Uptake

A field experiment was carried out at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU) Farm during July to November 2011 to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on T. Aman rice (cv. BRRI dhan40). The field belongs to Red Brown Terrace soil under Tejgoan series having silt loam texture and 6.0 pH. Application of 70 % NPKS fertilizers + 4 t ha-1 dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata) (T1) produced the highest grain yield (5.90 t ha-1), the second highest yield (5.85 t ha-1) was obtained from 80% NPKS + 2 t ha-1 dhaincha (T2) treatment. The grain yield increased by 31.2 to 86.3% over control depending on the treatments. Treatments T1 and T2 resulted in higher N, P, K and S uptake by rice. The N, P, K and S concentrations of rice grain was higher for the treatments where Sesbania and cow dung were together applied in combination with NPKS fertilizers. The combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure increased organic carbon (OC), total N, available P, K and S contents in post-harvest soil. The overall results indicate that the integrated use of chemical fertilizer and organic manure can help increase grain yield of rice without deteriorating soil fertility.SAARC J. Agri., 15(1): 43-53 (2017)

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Intestinal microbial diversity during early-life colonization shapes long-term IgE levels.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718178661.793491091 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel R Caspi ◽

Reiko Horai

Keyword(s):

Microbial Diversity ◽

Early Life

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Combined application of biochar with fertilizer promotes nitrogen uptake in maize by increasing nitrogen retention in soil

Biochar ◽

10.1007/s42773-021-00090-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Peng ◽

Xiaori Han ◽

Na Li ◽

Kun Chen ◽

Jinfeng Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

N Uptake ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

N Recovery ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Total N ◽

Residual Rate ◽

The Third ◽

Combined Application ◽

Entire Experiment

AbstractCombined application of biochar with fertilizers has been used to increase soil fertility and crop yield. However, the coupling mechanisms through which biochar improves crop yield at field scale and the time span over which biochar affects carbon and nitrogen transformation and crop yield are still little known. In this study, a long-term field trial (2013–2019) was performed in brown soil planting maize. Six treatments were designed: CK—control; NPK—application of chemical fertilizers; C1PK—low biochar without nitrogen fertilizer; C1NPK, C2NPK and C3NPK—biochar at 1.5, 3 and 6 t ha−1, respectively, combined with chemical fertilizers. Results showed that the δ15N value in the topsoil of 0–20 cm layer in the C3NPK treatment reached a peak of 291 ‰ at the third year (2018), and demonstrated a peak of 402 ‰ in the NPK treatment in the initial isotope trial in 2016. Synchronously, SOC was not affected until the third to fourth year after biochar addition, and resulted in a significant increase in total N of 2.4 kg N ha−1 in 2019 in C3NPK treatment. During the entire experiment, the 15N recovery rates of 74–80% were observed highest in the C2NPK and C3NPK treatments, resulting in an annual increase in yields significantly. The lowest subsoil δ15N values ranged from 66‰ to 107‰, and the 15N residual rate would take 70 years for a complete decay to 0.001% in the C3NPK. Our findings suggest that biochar compound fertilizers can increase C stability and N retention in soil and improve N uptake by maize, while the loss of N was minimized. Biochars, therefore, may have an important potential for improving the agroecosystem and ecological balance. Graphic abstract

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