Mineral nutrients, photosynthetic pigments and storage carbohydrates in turions of 21 aquatic plant species

Aquatic plants are known to accumulate and bioconcentrate metals. In the present study, Elodea canadensis was subjected to different concentrations of yttrium (Y), ranging from 0 to 200μM, for 7 days and analysed for subcellular distribution and molecular localisation of Y, accumulation of mineral nutrients in leaf tissue, changes in photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress and leaf and organelle ultrastructure. Leaf fractionation by differential centrifugation indicated that 68–76% of Y was accumulated in the cell wall, with higher levels of accumulation in cellulose and pectin than in other biomacromolecules. At all Y concentrations tested, Ca, Mg and Mn levels decreased in E. canadensis, whereas P levels increased; Fe and K levels increased initially and then declined. There was a marked concentration-dependent reduction in photosynthetic pigments following exposure to Y. Responses of components of the antioxidant system to Y treatment varied, whereas there were marked increases in reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde at all Y concentrations tested. In addition, morphological symptoms of aging, such as chlorosis and damage to chloroplasts and mitochondria, were induced even by the lowest Y concentration. The results reveal that exogenous Y is widely available to this aquatic plant, which may have negative effects on aquatic organisms.

Download Full-text

Absorption and Translocation of Florpyrauxifen-benzyl in Ten Aquatic Plant Species

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2021.38 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Erika J. Haug ◽

Khalied A. Ahmed ◽

Travis W. Gannon ◽

Rob J. Richardson

Keyword(s):

North Carolina ◽

Plant Species ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

Myriophyllum Spicatum ◽

Hydrilla Verticillata ◽

State University ◽

North Carolina State University ◽

Eurasian Watermilfoil ◽

Body Of Knowledge ◽

Aquatic Herbicide

Abstract Additional active ingredients are needed for use in aquatic systems in order to respond to new threats or treatment scenarios, enhance selectivity, reduce use rates, and to mitigate the risk of herbicide-resistance. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a new synthetic auxin developed for use as an aquatic herbicide. A study was conducted at North Carolina State University, in which 10 µg L−1 of 25% radiolabeled florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied to the isolated shoot tissue of ten different aquatic plant species in order to elucidate absorption and translocation patterns in these species. Extremely high levels of shoot absorption were observed for all species and uptake was rapid. Highest shoot absorptions were observed for crested floatingheart [Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) Kuntze] (A192 =20 µg g−1), dioecious hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle] (A192 =25.3 µg g−1), variable watermilfoil (Myriophyllum heterophylum Michx.) (A192 =40.1 µg g−1) and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) (A192 =25.3 µg g−1). Evidence of translocation was observed in all rooted species tested with the greatest translocation observed in N. cristata (1.28 µg g-1 at 192 HAT). The results of this study add to the growing body of knowledge surrounding the behavior of this newly registered herbicide within aquatic plants.

Download Full-text

Sustainable valorization of seeds from eight aquatic plant species as a source of oil and lipophilic bioactive compounds

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ◽

10.1007/s13399-021-01615-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elise Sipeniece ◽

Inga Mišina ◽

Ying Qian ◽

Anna Grygier ◽

Natalia Sobieszczańska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Aquatic Plant

Download Full-text

Terrestrial Morphotypes of Aquatic Plants Display Improved Seed Germination to Deal with Dry or Low-Rainfall Periods

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 741

Author(s):

Rocío Fernández-Zamudio ◽

Pablo García-Murillo ◽

Carmen Díaz-Paniagua

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Species ◽

Aquatic Plants ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

Population Persistence ◽

Temporary Ponds ◽

Percent Germination ◽

Plant Assemblages ◽

Viable Seeds

In temporary ponds, seed germination largely determines how well aquatic plant assemblages recover after dry periods. Some aquatic plants have terrestrial morphotypes that can produce seeds even in dry years. Here, we performed an experiment to compare germination patterns for seeds produced by aquatic and terrestrial morphotypes of Ranunculus peltatus subsp. saniculifolius over the course of five inundation events. During the first inundation event, percent germination was higher for terrestrial morphotype seeds (36.1%) than for aquatic morphotype seeds (6.1%). Seed germination peaked for both groups during the second inundation event (terrestrial morphotype: 47%; aquatic morphotype: 34%). Even after all five events, some viable seeds had not yet germinated (terrestrial morphotype: 0.6%; aquatic morphotype: 5%). We also compared germination patterns for the two morphotypes in Callitriche brutia: the percent germination was higher for terrestrial morphotype seeds (79.5%) than for aquatic morphotype seeds (41.9%). Both aquatic plant species use two complementary strategies to ensure population persistence despite the unpredictable conditions of temporary ponds. First, plants can produce seeds with different dormancy periods that germinate during different inundation periods. Second, plants can produce terrestrial morphotypes, which generate more seeds during dry periods, allowing for re-establishment when conditions are once again favorable.

Download Full-text

Nelumbo genome database, an integrative resource for gene expression and variants of Nelumbo nucifera

Scientific Data ◽

10.1038/s41597-021-00828-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hui Li ◽

Xingyu Yang ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

Zhiyan Gao ◽

Yuting Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Plant Species ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

Molecular Breeding ◽

Nelumbo Nucifera ◽

Sequence Analyses ◽

Genome Database ◽

Future Studies ◽

Sacred Lotus ◽

Coexpression Networks

AbstractSacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, or lotus) is one of the most widely grown aquatic plant species with important uses, such as in water gardening and in vegetable and herbal medicine. A public genomic database of lotus would facilitate studies of lotus and other aquatic plant species. Here, we constructed an integrative database: the Nelumbo Genome Database (NGD, http://nelumbo.biocloud.net). This database is a collection of the most updated lotus genome assembly and contains information on both gene expression in different tissues and coexpression networks. In the NGD, we also integrated genetic variants and key traits from our 62 newly sequenced lotus cultivars and 26 previously reported cultivars, which are valuable for lotus germplasm studies. As applications including BLAST, BLAT, Primer, Annotation Search, Variant and Trait Search are deployed, users can perform sequence analyses and gene searches via the NGD. Overall, the valuable genomic resources provided in the NGD will facilitate future studies on population genetics and molecular breeding of lotus.

Download Full-text

Reestablishment of Cabomba schwartzii (Cabombaceae), an aquatic plant species endemic to the Brazilian Amazon

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.367.3.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 367 (3) ◽

pp. 245 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

TIAGO D. M. BARBOSA ◽

RAFAELA J. TRAD ◽

MIKLOS M. BAJAY ◽

MARIA I. ZUCCHI ◽

MARIA DO CARMO E. DO AMARAL

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Plant Species ◽

Genetic Study ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Description ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

Herbarium Collections

Cabomba schwartzii was described by Rataj in 1977. The species discovered in the Brazilian Amazon was said to differ from other Cabomba species in having two sepals, two petals and a lobate petal base. According to the 1991 study of Ørgaard, C. schwartzii is similar to C. aquatica in other morphological characters (C. aquatica has flowers with three sepals and three petals) and since variation in number of floral parts is common in the genus, Ørgaard synonymized both species. After an analysis of C. schwartzii type material, other herbarium collections and location of four populations (two with C. schwartzii characteristics and two with C. aquatica characteristics), we conducted an integrated morphological and genetic study to evaluate whether or not C. schwartzii is a distinct species from C. aquatica. The results reveal the species to be distinct from each other and therefore C. schwartzii should be reestablished. The floral formula for C. schwartzii is K2 C2 A2+2 G1, versus K3 C3 A3+3 G2 for C. aquatica. A detailed species description and the geographical distribution of C. schwartzii are presented with a dichotomous key to distinguish both species, together with illustrations.

Download Full-text

The intersection of basic research and conservation: a 30-year study of the Critically Endangered Schiedea adamantis (Caryophyllaceae) on Lē‘ahi (Diamond Head Crater), Hawai‘i

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605316001162 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 479-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ann K. Sakai ◽

Stephen G. Weller ◽

Weigang Yang ◽

Susan Ching Harbin ◽

Talia Portner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Plant Species ◽

Basic Research ◽

Breeding Systems ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Supplemental Irrigation ◽

Long Term Study ◽

And Storage ◽

Species Being

AbstractWe report on how a long-term study of the reproductive biology of the Critically Endangered Schiedea adamantis (Caryophyllaceae), one of Hawai‘i's rarest plant species, was leveraged for conservation purposes. Our major goals were to provide seeds with the greatest genetic variation possible for reintroduction and to ensure that both female and hermaphroditic plants of this wind-pollinated species were reintroduced in a manner that maximized both outcrossing and seed production. Schiedea adamantis was one of the first Hawaiian plant species listed under the Endangered Species Act (USA). The species has been studied intensively to test hypotheses addressing the evolution of breeding systems. Information on outcrossing levels and the extent of inbreeding depression was integrated into ongoing reintroduction efforts. Population size peaked in 1994, when 267 flowering individuals were found on Lē‘ahi (Diamond Head Crater). By 2016 only 17 flowering individuals were present, with drought and invasive species being possible causes of this decline. Reintroduction attempts in 1998 using genetically diverse seeds were unsuccessful because of drought and a lack of sufficient supplemental irrigation. Additional reintroduction attempts in 2012 and 2014 were more successful because of increased supplemental irrigation. Plants used in reintroductions represent genotypes long since absent in the natural population, and may contain the genetic variability essential for evolutionary responses to climate change and the spread of invasive species. The destruction of many plants reintroduced in 2015 and 2016 by a fire in March 2016 highlights the need for additional restoration areas at Lē‘ahi and elsewhere, and storage of seeds for future use.

Download Full-text

Photosynthetic and anatomical responses of three plant species at two altitudinal levels in the Neotropical savannah

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt15280 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (8) ◽

pp. 696 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vinícius Coelho Kuster ◽

Silvana Aparecida Barbosa de Castro ◽

Fernando Henrique Aguiar Vale

Keyword(s):

Quantum Yield ◽

Photosystem Ii ◽

Plant Species ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Palisade Parenchyma ◽

Structural Modifications ◽

Physiological Alterations ◽

Roupala Montana ◽

Plastic Responses

The phytophysiognomies of the Neotropical savannah occur at different altitudes, which can determine distinctions in the levels of light and shade that plants are exposed. The focus of the study is analysing the functional traits of the leaves of Byrsonima verbascifolia (L.) Rich., Roupala montana Aubl. and Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. growing in phytophysiognomies at two distinct altitudes. We evaluated leaf anatomy, the quantum yield of photosystem II, and the photosynthetic pigments in plants occurring at two areas of Campo sujo, which are separated by 700 m of altitude, during the rainy season. The three plant species occurring at higher altitudes had thicker adaxial epidermis. B. verbascifolia and S. lycocarpum occurring at higher altitudes had thicker palisade parenchyma, whereas only B. verbascifolia had thicker spongy parenchyma at the same site. The quantum yield of photosystem II, and photosynthetic pigments had little differences between plants occurring at higher and lower altitudes. The results analysed show high structural modifications and low physiological alterations from altitudinal conditions. Thus, the influence of the abiotic factors appears to modulate the plastic responses of plants across altitude.

Download Full-text