Molecular distribution and toxicity assessment of yttrium in Elodea canadensis

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Han Qiu ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Dawei Zou ◽  
Siyuan Song ◽  
Yun Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Elodea Canadensis ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tissue Changes

Aquatic plants are known to accumulate and bioconcentrate metals. In the present study, Elodea canadensis was subjected to different concentrations of yttrium (Y), ranging from 0 to 200μM, for 7 days and analysed for subcellular distribution and molecular localisation of Y, accumulation of mineral nutrients in leaf tissue, changes in photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress and leaf and organelle ultrastructure. Leaf fractionation by differential centrifugation indicated that 68–76% of Y was accumulated in the cell wall, with higher levels of accumulation in cellulose and pectin than in other biomacromolecules. At all Y concentrations tested, Ca, Mg and Mn levels decreased in E. canadensis, whereas P levels increased; Fe and K levels increased initially and then declined. There was a marked concentration-dependent reduction in photosynthetic pigments following exposure to Y. Responses of components of the antioxidant system to Y treatment varied, whereas there were marked increases in reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde at all Y concentrations tested. In addition, morphological symptoms of aging, such as chlorosis and damage to chloroplasts and mitochondria, were induced even by the lowest Y concentration. The results reveal that exogenous Y is widely available to this aquatic plant, which may have negative effects on aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Interaction between Cadmium and Manganese in Aquatic Macrophytes (Illustrated by Elodea Canadensis)

2016 ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Mutual Effect ◽  
Elodea Canadensis ◽  
Model Systems

The mutual effect of two heavy metals – toxic (Cd2+) and essential (Mn2+) on the aquatic plant was studied in model systems. Experiments were performed on submerged aquatic macrophyte – Elodea canadensis Michx. Elodea shoots (10–15 cm in length) were incubated for 5 days in a nutrient solution with CdSO4 and MnSO4 at the concentration of 100 μmoles (added separate and combined). The following characteristics were analyzed in Elodea leaves: the accumulation of Cd2+ and Mn2+; the content of photosynthetic pigments and its ratio; the level of chlorophyll fluorescence (quantum efficiency, Fv/Fm). Incubation of Elodea plants with Cd2+ increased its content by more than 1000 times compared to the control. Incubation with Mn2+ increased its content by 10 times. The combined effect of cadmium and manganese reduced Cd2+ accumulation in the Elodea leaves almost in 2 times in comparison with its separate action, while the Mn2+ accumulation was decreased only by 40 %. Under the cadmium action the content of all photosynthetic pigments was decreased, while by the manganese action – only chlorophylls were reduced. It was shown that Mn2+ mitigated Cd2+ toxicity. The content of chlorophyll a, carotenoids and quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) was decreased to the lesser degree than under the separate cadmium action. Probably this is caused by the inhibition of its uptake in the presence of manganese.

scholarly journals Enhanced Oxidative Stress and Physiological Damage inDaphnia magnaby Copper in the Presence of Nano-TiO2

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Fan ◽  
M. M. Cui ◽  
Z. W. Shi ◽  
C. Tan ◽  
X. P. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nano Tio2 ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Toxic Injury ◽  
Transfer Channel ◽  
Atpase Inhibition

This study examines the potential hazard of an individual nanomaterial on the Cu biotoxicity to aquatic organisms.Daphnia magnain the absence or presence of nano-TiO2was exposed to Cu. Maintaining nano-TiO2at a safe concentration cannot eliminate its potential hazard. The biomarkers superoxide dismutase, catalase, and Na+/K+-ATPase inD. magnawere measured. Cu in the presence of nano-TiO2induced higher levels of oxidative stress and physiological damage because of the sorption of Cu. Nano-TiO2also caused Na+/K+-ATPase inhibition possibly by impeding the Na+/K+transfer channel. The correlations among the biomarkers, mortality, and accumulation further showed that the overloading reactive oxygen species generation caused by nano-TiO2contributed to deeper oxidative stress and physiological regulation, thereby causing greater toxic injury.

scholarly journals Pathological Relationship between Intracellular Superoxide Metabolism and p53 Signaling in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3548
Author(s):  
Kenji Watanabe ◽  
Shuichi Shibuya ◽  
Yusuke Ozawa ◽  
Toshihiko Toda ◽  
Takahiko Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
P53 Signaling ◽  
Tissue Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
P53 Activation

Intracellular superoxide dismutases (SODs) maintain tissue homeostasis via superoxide metabolism. We previously reported that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide accumulation caused by cytoplasmic SOD (SOD1) or mitochondrial SOD (SOD2) insufficiency, induced p53 activation in cells. SOD1 loss also induced several age-related pathological changes associated with increased oxidative molecules in mice. To evaluate the contribution of p53 activation for SOD1 knockout (KO) (Sod1−/−) mice, we generated SOD1 and p53 KO (double-knockout (DKO)) mice. DKO fibroblasts showed increased cell viability with decreased apoptosis compared with Sod1−/− fibroblasts. In vivo experiments revealed that p53 insufficiency was not a great contributor to aging-like tissue changes but accelerated tumorigenesis in Sod1−/− mice. Furthermore, p53 loss failed to improve dilated cardiomyopathy or the survival in heart-specific SOD2 conditional KO mice. These data indicated that p53 regulated ROS-mediated apoptotic cell death and tumorigenesis but not ROS-mediated tissue degeneration in SOD-deficient models.

scholarly journals Dust Pollution Reduced Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthetic Pigments of Selected Medicinal Plants Growing at Lokpa Ukwu Quarry Site in Abia State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. E. Ogbonna ◽  
F. I. Nwafor ◽  
N. O. Nweze
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dust Pollution ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Maximum Conductance ◽  
Clearing Method ◽  
Β Carotene

Aims: We investigated the influence of dust pollution on stomatal conductance and photosynthetic pigments in some medicinal plants growing at Lokpa Ukwu quarry site, Abia State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected from Lokpa Ukwu, Abia State while laboratory analyses were carried out in the Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicines, University of Nigeria, Nsukka between February and April, 2019. Methodology: A total of nine (9) plants were sampled for the study. Leaf epidermises were prepared by clearing method and stomata were observed and studied quantitatively. Stomatal conductance was estimated from the anatomical variables following standard procedures. Total chlorophyll and β-carotene contents were also analysed and compared with control groups. Results: We observed some physiological changes in the plants from dust-polluted site such as stretched epidermal cells, deformed stomata and plasmolysed guard cells. It reduced the potential conductance indices (PCI) of the plants by 87.4% in Aspilia africana and 67% in Chromolaena odorata. The least reduction in PCI was observed in Celosia trigyna (7.2%). Operating conductance (gop) and maximum conductance (gmax) were reduced by 69.2% and 72.3% in C. odorata and A. africana respectively. Celosia trigyna was least affected with percentage reductions of 18.3% and 1.4% for gop and gmax respectively. Reduction in PCI and gmax followed the order: C. trigyna ˂ C. papaya ˂ P. discoideus ˂ D. oliveri ˂ T. rhomboidea ˂ T. orientalis ˂ V. doniana ˂ C. odorata ˂ A. africana. Total chlorophyll and β-carotene contents were reduced the most in V. doniana (45.73%) and C. odorata (40.31%) respectively and least reduced in T. orientalis by 19.54% and 13.24% respectively. Conclusion: Our findings validate previous reports of negative effects of dust pollution from quarry industries on both humans and plants alike.

Iron oxide nanoparticle phytotoxicity to the aquatic plant Lemna minor: effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 24121-24131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Rodrigues Rosa Souza ◽  
Luís Eduardo Bernardes ◽  
Maike Felipe Santos Barbetta ◽  
Márcia Andreia Mesquita Silva da Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle

scholarly journals Roles and Functions of ROS and RNS in Cellular Physiology and Pathology

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neven Zarkovic
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cellular Physiology ◽  
Key Players

Our common knowledge on oxidative stress has evolved substantially over the years, being focused mostly on the fundamental chemical reactions and the most relevant chemical species involved in human pathophysiology of oxidative stress-associated diseases. Thus, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) were identified as key players in initiating, mediating, and regulating the cellular and biochemical complexity of oxidative stress either as physiological (acting pro-hormetic) or as pathogenic (causing destructive vicious circles) processes. The papers published in this particular Special Issue of Cells show an impressive range on the pathophysiological relevance of ROS and RNS, including the relevance of second messengers of free radicals like 4-hydroxynonenal, allowing us to assume that the future will reveal even more detailed mechanisms of their positive and negative effects that might improve the monitoring of major modern diseases, and aid the development of advanced integrative biomedical treatments.

Changes in photosynthetic apparatus of mustard (Sinapis alba) cotyledons following cycloheximide and kinetin treatments

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Machlicová ◽  
L’udmila Slováková ◽  
Ján Hudák
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Sinapis Alba ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Rubisco Subunits

AbstractBiochemical and accompanying structural characteristics of the photosynthetic process were studied in mustard seedlings cultivated on medium with increasing concentrations of cycloheximide alone as well as in combination with various kinetin concentrations. After 7 days of cultivation the contents of total chlorophyll, carotenoids and content of Rubisco in mustard cotyledons were determined. The content of chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids decreased in dependence of cycloheximide concentration. Following antibiotic treatment the content of both Rubisco subunits markedly decreased. In addition cycloheximide caused disturbance in mesophyll organization and chloroplast ultrastructure.Kinetin applied with cycloheximide increased the amount of photosynthetic pigments as well as of Rubisco, compared to the cycloheximide alone. In the seedlings treated with cycloheximide+kinetin the structure of leaf mesophyll and chloroplast membrane system was similar to control. Our results indicate that kinetin diminished the negative effects of cycloheximide on photosynthetic pigments and Rubisco as well as on the structural traits of the cotyledons.

Characterization of Nanoparticles in Seawater for Toxicity Assessment Towards Aquatic Organisms

2011 ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Miglietta ◽  
G. Rametta ◽  
G. Di Francia ◽  
S. Manzo ◽  
A. Rocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Assessment
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