An effective facility decreases disease transmission and promotes resistance ability of small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius: A potential application in the longline culture

Small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius (1–2 cm of test diameter) are exposed to different environments of light intensities after being reseeded to the sea bottom. With little information available about the behavioral responses of S. intermedius to different light intensities in the environment, we carried out an investigation on how S. intermedius is affected by three light intensity environments in terms of phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors. They were no light (zero lx), low light intensity (24–209 lx) and high light intensity (252–2,280 lx). Light intensity had obvious different effects on phototaxis. In low light intensity, sea urchins moved more and spent significantly more time at the higher intensity (69–209 lx) (P = 0.046). S. intermedius in high light intensity, in contrast, spent significantly more time at lower intensity (252–690 lx) (P = 0.005). Unexpectedly, no significant difference of movement (average velocity and total distance covered) was found among the three light intensities (P > 0.05). Foraging behavior of S. intermedius was significantly different among the light intensities. In the no light environment, only three of ten S. intermedius found food within 7 min. In low light intensity, nine of 10 sea urchins showed successful foraging behavior to the food placed at 209 lx, which was significantly higher than the ratio of the number (two of 10) when food was placed at 24 lx (P = 0.005). In the high light intensity, in contrast, significantly less sea urchins (three of 10) found food placed at the higher light intensity (2,280 lx) compared with the lower light intensity (252 lx) (10/10, P = 0.003). Furthermore, S. intermedius showed significantly longer righting response time in the high light intensity compared with both no light (P = 0.001) and low light intensity (P = 0.031). No significant difference was found in righting behavior between no light and low light intensity (P = 0.892). The present study indicates that light intensity significantly affects phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of S. intermedius and that ~200 lx might be the appropriate light intensity for reseeding small S. intermedius.

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Instantaneous effect of dibromomethane on metamorphosis of larvae of the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus nudus and Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.05.043 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 251 (2-4) ◽

pp. 549-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Yukio Agatsuma ◽

Tetsuo Seki ◽

Kazuya Kurata ◽

Kazuya Taniguchi

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchins ◽

Strongylocentrotus Intermedius ◽

Strongylocentrotus Nudus ◽

Instantaneous Effect

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Macroautophagy is involved in residual bodies formation during spermatogenesis in sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Tissue and Cell ◽

10.1016/j.tice.2018.12.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

pp. 79-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexander V. Kalachev ◽

Olga V. Yurchenko ◽

Konstantin V. Kiselev

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchins ◽

Strongylocentrotus Intermedius ◽

Residual Bodies

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Device for Suppression of Aerosol Transfer in Close Proximity Settings

COVID ◽

10.3390/covid1010033 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 394-402

Author(s):

Yicheng Bao ◽

Loïc Anderegg ◽

Sean Burchesky ◽

John M. Doyle

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Disease ◽

Disease Transmission ◽

Potential Application ◽

Small Space ◽

Large Space ◽

Face To Face ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Optically Transparent ◽

Filter Unit ◽

University Setting

Here we present a device that suppresses transfer of aerosol between nearby seating areas through the use of optically transparent, sound transmitting barriers and HEPA fan filter unit (FFU). A potential application of this device is to lower the risk of respiratory disease transmission in face-to-face, maskless meetings between individuals in a university setting. We evaluate overall aerosol transmission between users of the device. This is done for two different physical settings: a large space, such as a library, and a small space, such as an enclosed study room. We find that the device can provide lower aerosol transmission compared to the typical transmission between two individuals wearing surgical face masks separated by six feet.

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Transgenerational effects of UV-B radiation on egg size, fertilization, hatching and larval size of sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.7598 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e7598

Author(s):

Jingyun Ding ◽

Lingling Zhang ◽

Jiangnan Sun ◽

Dongtao Shi ◽

Xiaomei Chi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Egg Size ◽

Marine Invertebrates ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Marine Invertebrate ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Strongylocentrotus Intermedius ◽

Transgenerational Effects ◽

Larval Size ◽

First Time

Transgenerational effects are important for phenotypic plasticity and adaptation of marine invertebrates in the changing ocean. Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is an increasing threat to marine invertebrates. For the first time, we reported positive and negative transgenerational effects of UV-B radiation on egg size, fertilization, hatchability and larval size of a marine invertebrate. Strongylocentrotus intermedius exposed to UV-B radiation showed positive transgenerational effects and adaptation on egg size, hatching rate and post-oral arm length of larvae. Negative transgenerational effects were found in body length, stomach length and stomach width of larvae whose parents were exposed to UV-B radiation. Sires probably play important roles in transgenerational effects of UV-B. The present study provides valuable information into transgenerational effects of UV-B radiation on fitness related traits of sea urchins (at least Strongylocentrotus intermedius).

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Synthesis of 2,2’-(ethane-l,l-diyl)bis(3,5,6,7,8-pentahydroxy-l,4-naphthoquinone), a metabolite of the sea urchins Spatangus purpureus, Strongylocentrotus intermedius, and S. droebachiensis

Russian Chemical Bulletin ◽

10.1007/s11172-010-0265-2 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 1472-1476 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. N. Pelageev ◽

M. N. Panchenko ◽

N. D. Pokhilo ◽

V. F. Anufriev

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchins ◽

Strongylocentrotus Intermedius

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Effects of the brown algae Sargassum horneri and Saccharina japonica on survival, growth and resistance of small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-69435-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fangyuan Hu ◽

Mingfang Yang ◽

Peng Ding ◽

Xu Zhang ◽

Zhouling Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brown Algae ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Saccharina Japonica ◽

Sargassum Horneri ◽

Strongylocentrotus Intermedius

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The Structure and Function of Gut Microbiomes of Two Species of Sea Urchins, Mesocentrotus nudus and Strongylocentrotus intermedius, in Japan

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.802754 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Alfabetian Harjuno Condro Haditomo ◽

Masanori Yonezawa ◽

Juanwen Yu ◽

Sayaka Mino ◽

Yuichi Sakai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sea Urchin ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

The Body ◽

Sequence Variant ◽

Strongylocentrotus Intermedius ◽

Running Water ◽

Mesocentrotus Nudus

Sea urchin is an indicator of coastal environmental changes in the global warming era, and is also a model organism in developmental biology and evolution. Due to the depletion of wild resources, new aquaculture techniques for improving stocks have been well studied. The gut microbiome shapes various aspects of a host’s physiology. However, these microbiome structures and functions on sea urchins, particularly Mesocentrotus nudus and Strongylocentrotus intermedius which are important marine bioresources commonly found in Japan, have not been fully investigated yet. Using metagenomic approaches including meta16S and shotgun metagenome sequencings, the structures, functions, and dynamics of the gut microbiome of M. nudus and S. intermedius, related to both habitat environment and host growth, were studied. Firstly, a broad meta16S analysis revealed that at the family level, Psychromonadaceae and Flavobacteriaceae reads (38–71%) dominated in these sea urchins, which is a unique feature observed in species in Japan. Flavobacteriaceae reads were more abundant in individuals after rearing in an aquarium with circulating compared to one with running water. Campylobacteraceae and Vibrionaceae abundances increased in both kinds of laboratory-reared sea urchins in both types of experiments. 2-weeks feeding experiments of M. nudus and S. intermedius transplanted from the farm to laboratory revealed that these gut microbial structures were affected by diet rather than rearing environments and host species. Secondly, further meta16S analysis of microbial reads related to M. nudus growth revealed that at least four Amplicon Sequence Variant (ASV) affiliated to Saccharicrinis fermentans, which is known to be a nitrogen (N2) fixing bacterium, showed a significant positive correlation to the body weight and test diameter. Interestingly, gut microbiome comparisons using shotgun metagenome sequencing of individuals showing higher and lower growth rates revealed a significant abundance of “Nitrate and nitrite ammonification” genes in the higher-grown individuals under the circulating water rearing. These findings provide new insights on the structure-function relationship of sea urchin gut microbiomes beyond previously reported nitrogen fixation function in sea urchin in 1950s; we discovered a nitrate reduction function into ammonium for the growth promotion of sea urchin.

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