Inflammatory mediators, muscle and functional performance of community-dwelling elderly women

Background: Body mass index (BMI) is related to health in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical characteristics in underweight, overweight, and obese Japanese community-dwelling elderly women compared to normal-weight elderly women. Methods: The study participants included 212 community-dwelling elderly women. They were categorized as underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 22.9), overweight (23 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.9), and obese (BMI ≥ 25). Data on skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), number of trunk curl-ups performed within 30 seconds, knee extension strength, one-leg standing time, and walking speed were recorded. Results: In the underweight group, the number of trunk curl-ups was significantly lower than that of the normal-weight group (p = 0.011) and the correlation between knee extension strength and walking speed was relatively higher than in the normal-weight group (r = 0.612 vs. r = 0.471). In the overweight group, the SMI was significantly increased (p < 0.001), but knee extension strength was not increased (p = 0.235) compared to that of the normal-weight group. In the obese group, one-leg standing time was significantly shorter than in the normal-weight group (p = 0.016). Conclusions: Physical characteristics vary according to BMI and these findings are useful in assessing and planning interventional programs to improve and maintain physical function in elderly women.

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Effectiveness of a Weight-Loss Intervention in Preventing Frailty and Functional Decline in Community-Dwelling Obese Older People. A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Frailty & Aging ◽

10.14283/jfa.2021.38 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

M. Serra-Prat ◽

M. Terradellas ◽

I. Lorenzo ◽

M. Arús ◽

E. Burdoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Functional Decline ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Weight Loss Intervention ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Study Intervention

Background: Obesity is a risk factor for frailty and muscle weakness, so weight loss in obese older adults may prevent frailty and functional decline. Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of a multimodal weight-loss intervention in improving functional performance and reducing frailty risk in obese older adults. Design: Randomized controlled trial with 2 parallel arms. Setting and participants: Community-dwelling obese adults aged 65-75 years with body mass index (BMI) 30-39 kg/m2. Intervention: 6-month multimodal intervention based on diet and a physical activity program. Control group: Usual care. Main and secondary outcome measures: Frailty (Fried criteria) rate and functional performance at 6, 12, and 24 months of follow-up, respectively. Intermediate outcome measures: Weight loss, body composition changes, and metabolic and inflammatory biomarker changes. Results: N=305. The study intervention increased gait speed at 12 and 24 months of follow-up, but had no significant effect on frailty prevention. It was effective in reducing weight, BMI, fat mass, interleukin 6, and insulin resistance and improving self-reported quality of life. Conclusions: The study intervention was not demonstrated to be effective in preventing frailty in obese people aged 65-75 years at 24 months of follow-up. However, it allowed weight loss and a reduction in inflammatory and insulin resistance markers, which could have a long-term effect on frailty that requires further research.

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The Mediating Effect of Resilience on the Relationship between Depression and Ego-Integrity in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women

The Korean Journal of Health Service Management ◽

10.12811/kshsm.2021.15.2.067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 67-78

Author(s):

Hye Sun Hyun ◽

◽

Yunyoung Kim

Keyword(s):

Elderly Women ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Ego Integrity ◽

The Relationship

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Orientation and verbal fluency in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: modifiable risk factors for falls?

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610218002065 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 1491-1498 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. O. Smith ◽

S. R. Neal ◽

G. Peryer ◽

K. J. Sheehan ◽

M. P. Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Verbal Fluency ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cognitive Domain ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

Risk Factors For Falls ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

English Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACTObjectives:To determine the relationship between falls and deficits in specific cognitive domains in older adults.Design:An analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) cohort.Setting:United Kingdom community-based.Participants:5197 community-dwelling older adults recruited to a prospective longitudinal cohort study.Measurements:Data on the occurrence of falls and number of falls, which occurred during a 12-month follow-up period, were assessed against the specific cognitive domains of memory, numeracy skills, and executive function. Binomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between each cognitive domain and the dichotomous outcome of falls in the preceding 12 months using unadjusted and adjusted models.Results:Of the 5197 participants included in the analysis, 1308 (25%) reported a fall in the preceding 12 months. There was no significant association between the occurrence of a fall and specific forms of cognitive dysfunction after adjusting for self-reported hearing, self-reported eyesight, and functional performance. After adjustment, only orientation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.80; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.65–0.98, p = 0.03) and verbal fluency (adjusted OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–1.00; p = 0.05) remained significant for predicting recurrent falls.Conclusions:The cognitive phenotype rather than cognitive impairmentper semay predict future falls in those presenting with more than one fall.

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Relationships between different stand-up test and physical functions in community-dwelling elderly women

Japanese Journal of Health Promotion and Physical Therapy ◽

10.9759/hppt.10.105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 105-110

Author(s):

Shin Murata ◽

Akio Goda ◽

Kayoko Shiraiwa ◽

Teppei Abiko ◽

Hideki Nakano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elderly Women ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Physical Functions

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The effects of high intensity resistance training on body composition and functional performance in elderly women

Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society ◽

10.5762/kais.2011.12.2.805 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 805-812

Author(s):

Sun-Hee Kang ◽

Gun-Soo Han

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

High Intensity ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Functional Performance

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Strength Endurance Training but Not Intensive Strength Training Reduces Senescence-Prone T Cells in Peripheral Blood in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/gly229 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (12) ◽

pp. 1870-1878 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hung Cao Dinh ◽

Rose Njemini ◽

Oscar Okwudiri Onyema ◽

Ingo Beyer ◽

Keliane Liberman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

T Cell ◽

Strength Training ◽

Endurance Training ◽

Older Women ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cell Repertoire ◽

Repetition Maximum ◽

T Cell Phenotypes

Abstract Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in immune function known as immunosenescence. Although the causes of immunosenescence are likely to be multifactorial, an age-associated accumulation of senescent T cells and decreased naive T-cell repertoire are key contributors to the phenomenon. On the other hand, there is a growing consensus that physical exercise may improve immune response in aging. However, the optimum training modality required to obtain beneficial adaptations in older subjects is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of exercise modality on T-cell phenotypes in older women. A total of 100 women (aged ≥ 65 years) were randomized to either intensive strength training (80% of one-repetition maximum ), strength endurance training (40% one-repetition maximum), or control (stretching exercise) for 2–3 times per week during 6 weeks. The T-cell percentages and absolute counts were determined using flow cytometry and a hematology analyzer. C-reactive protein was measured using immunonephelometry. We report for the first time that 6 weeks of strength endurance training significantly decreased the basal percentage and absolute counts of senescence-prone T cells, which was positively related to the number of training sessions performed. Conceivably, training protocols with many repetitions—at a sufficiently high external resistance—might assist the reduction of senescence-prone T cells in older women.

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Effects of Pet Insects on Cognitive Function among the Elderly: An fMRI Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8101705 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1705 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ji-Yeon Park ◽

Hae-Jin Ko ◽

A-Sol Kim ◽

Ha-Na Moon ◽

Hye-In Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Insect Rearing ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

Animal-assisted therapy has positive effects on cognitive function, depression, performance ability, and social functioning in elderly patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rearing pet insects on the cognitive function of healthy elderly participants, with fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) being used for this purpose. Community-dwelling right-handed elderly women (≥60 years) with normal cognitive function were enrolled and randomized at a 1:1 ratio into two groups: insect-rearing and control (n = 16) groups, with the insect-rearing group being further classified into two groups for analysis according to the subjects’ scores in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, WCST) at the baseline fMRI: Insect-rearing group I with a relatively high score (n = 13), and insect-rearing group II with a relatively low score (n = 6). The insect-rearing groups received and reared crickets as pet insects for 8 weeks. The WCST consisted of two variations, a high level baseline (HLB) and semi-WCST version. There was a significant difference accuracy of the HLB–semi-WCST (p < 0.05) in insect-rearing group II after 8 weeks from the baseline test. In the fMRI analysis involving the WCST reaction test, increased activation was observed in the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex in insect-rearing group II when the semi-WCST, rather than the HLB, was performed. Rearing pet insects showed positive effects on executive functions and performance improvement in elderly women. Further larger studies on the effects of pet insects on cognitive function are warranted.

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