Detailed comparison of robotic and endoscopic transaxillary thyroidectomy

Abstract Background Robotic surgical systems have evolved over time. The da Vinci Xi system was developed in 2014 and was expected to solve the shortcomings of the previous S system. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare these two systems and identify if the Xi system truly improves surgical outcomes. Methods In this retrospective study, a total of 86 patients with unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma without central lymph node involvement underwent gasless transaxillary hemithyroidectomy using two robotic systems, the da Vinci S and Xi. Forty patients were in the da Vinci S group and 46 patients were in the da Vinci Xi group. All surgeries were performed by one surgeon (YWC). All surgery video files were analyzed to compare the duration of each surgical step. Results The total operation time was significantly shorter in the Xi group than in the S group (153.0 min vs. 105.7 min, p < 0.01). Time for robot docking was shorter in the Xi group (19.8 min vs. 10.6 min, p < 0.01), and all procedures performed in the console also required a shorter time in this group. The overall complication rate did not differ significantly (p = 0.464). Conclusions The da Vinci Xi system made robotic thyroidectomy easier and faster without increasing the complication rate. It is a safe and valuable system for robotic thyroidectomy.

Download Full-text

Detailed comparison of the da Vinci Xi and S surgical systems for transaxillary thyroidectomy

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000024370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 100 (3) ◽

pp. e24370

Author(s):

Da Young Yu ◽

Young Woo Chang ◽

Hye Yoon Lee ◽

Woo Young Kim ◽

Hoon Yub Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Da Vinci ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Da Vinci Xi ◽

Transaxillary Thyroidectomy

Download Full-text

Light front field theory: An advanced Primer

Acta Physica Slovaca Reviews and Tutorials ◽

10.2478/v10155-010-0085-9 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

Author(s):

L'ubomír Martinovič

Keyword(s):

Field Theory ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Light Front ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Schwinger Model ◽

Initial Space ◽

Model Hamiltonian ◽

Spatial Volume ◽

Hamiltonian Perturbation Theory ◽

Light Front Quantization

Light front field theory: An advanced PrimerWe present an elementary introduction to quantum field theory formulated in terms of Dirac's light front variables. In addition to general principles and methods, a few more specific topics and approaches based on the author's work will be discussed. Most of the discussion deals with massive two-dimensional models formulated in a finite spatial volume starting with a detailed comparison between quantization of massive free fields in the usual field theory and the light front (LF) quantization. We discuss basic properties such as relativistic invariance and causality. After the LF treatment of the soluble Federbush model, a LF approach to spontaneous symmetry breaking is explained and a simple gauge theory - the massive Schwinger model in various gauges is studied. A LF version of bosonization and the massive Thirring model are also discussed. A special chapter is devoted to the method of discretized light cone quantization and its application to calculations of the properties of quantum solitons. The problem of LF zero modes is illustrated with the example of the two-dimensional Yukawa model. Hamiltonian perturbation theory in the LF formulation is derived and applied to a few simple processes to demonstrate its advantages. As a byproduct, it is shown that the LF theory cannot be obtained as a "light-like" limit of the usual field theory quantized on an initial space-like surface. A simple LF formulation of the Higgs mechanism is then given. Since our intention was to provide a treatment of the light front quantization accessible to postgradual students, an effort was made to discuss most of the topics pedagogically and a number of technical details and derivations are contained in the appendices.

Download Full-text

Gaunilo Parodies Anselm

History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis ◽

10.30965/26664275-01701004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 45-71

Author(s):

Geo Siegwart

Keyword(s):

Detailed Comparison ◽

The Third ◽

Common Structure ◽

Logical Reconstruction ◽

Points Of View ◽

And Function

The main objective is an interpretation of the island parody, in particular a logical reconstruction of the parodying argument that stays close to the text. The parodied reasoning is identified as the proof in the second chapter of the Proslogion, more specifically, this proof as it is represented by Gaunilo in the first chapter of his Liber pro insipiente. The second task is a detailed comparison between parodied and parodying argument as well as an account of their common structure. The third objective is a tentative characterization of the nature and function of parodies of arguments. It seems that parodying does not add new pertinent points of view to the usual criticism of an argument.

Download Full-text

The East-Syriac Reception of Evagrius’s Gnostic Chapters

10.1093/oso/9780198803584.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jason Scully

Keyword(s):

Detailed Comparison ◽

Fifth Century ◽

Sixth Century ◽

Human Soul ◽

The Future

The first chapter demonstrates that even though Isaac quotes Evagrius throughout much of his writing, Isaac does not adopt Evagrius’s eschatological framework. In order to reach this conclusion, this chapter conducts a detailed comparison of two Syriac translations of the Gnostic Chapters, which is the Evagrian text that Isaac quotes most often. While the sixth-century Syriac version of the Gnostic Chapters includes a detailed eschatological consideration of the human soul in the future world, the fifth-century Syriac version is void of any distinctive eschatological framework. Since Isaac only used the fifth-century Syriac version of the Gnostic Chapters, he cannot have derived his eschatological framework from Evagrius. Rather, following Babai the Great, who established a framework for interpreting the fifth-century Syriac version of the Gnostic Chapters, Isaac interprets Evagrius’s Gnostic Chapters as a work describing the journey of asceticism.

Download Full-text

QCD at Fixed Order: Processes

10.1093/oso/9780199652747.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

John Campbell ◽

Joey Huston ◽

Frank Krauss

Keyword(s):

Hadron Collider ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Theoretical Description ◽

Higgs Bosons ◽

Final States ◽

Collider Physics ◽

Wide Range ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Fixed Order ◽

The Subject

At the core of any theoretical description of hadron collider physics is a fixed-order perturbative treatment of a hard scattering process. This chapter is devoted to a survey of fixed-order predictions for a wide range of Standard Model processes. These range from high cross-section processes such as jet production to much more elusive reactions, such as the production of Higgs bosons. Process by process, these sections illustrate how the techniques developed in Chapter 3 are applied to more complex final states and provide a summary of the fixed-order state-of-the-art. In each case, key theoretical predictions and ideas are identified that will be the subject of a detailed comparison with data in Chapters 8 and 9.

Download Full-text

Compressive behaviours of octet-truss lattices

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science ◽

10.1177/0954406220913586 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 234 (16) ◽

pp. 3257-3269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yifan Li ◽

Huaiyuan Gu ◽

Martyn Pavier ◽

Harry Coules

Keyword(s):

Failure Modes ◽

Density Ratio ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Compressive Load ◽

High Strength ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Compressive Response ◽

Beam Elements ◽

Structural Applications ◽

Octet Truss

Octet-truss lattice structures can be used for lightweight structural applications due to their high strength-to-density ratio. In this research, octet-truss lattice specimens were fabricated by stereolithography additive manufacturing with a photopolymer resin. The mechanical properties of this structure have been examined in three orthogonal orientations under the compressive load. Detailed comparison and description were carried out on deformation mechanisms and failure modes in different lattice orientations. Finite element models using both beam elements and three-dimensional solid elements were used to simulate the compressive response of this structure. Both the load reaction and collapse modes obtained in simulations were compared with test results. Our results indicate that three-dimensional continuum element models are required to accurately capture the behaviour of real trusses, taking into account the effects of finite-sized beams and joints.

Download Full-text

Transposition of European Guidelines for Energy Communities into Austrian Law: A Comparison and Discussion of Issues and Positive Aspects

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14133922 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3922

Author(s):

Bernadette Fina ◽

Hubert Fechner

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Electricity Market ◽

Clean Energy ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Regulatory Framework ◽

Policy Makers ◽

European Guidelines ◽

Subsequent Discussion ◽

Grid Operators ◽

Austrian Law

The Renewable Energy Directive and the Electricity Market Directive, both parts of the Clean Energy for all Europeans Package (issued in 2019), provide supranational rules for renewable energy communities and citizen energy communities. Since national transpositions need to be completed within two years, Austria has already drafted corresponding legislation. This article aims at providing a detailed comparison of the European guidelines and the transposition into Austrian law. The comparison not only shows how, and to what extent, the European guidelines are transposed into Austrian law, but also helps to identify loopholes and barriers. The subsequent discussion of these issues as well as positive aspects of the Austrian transposition may be advantageous for legislators and policy makers worldwide in their process of designing a coherent regulatory framework. It is concluded that experts from different areas (i.e., project developers, scientists concerned with energy communities, energy suppliers and grid operators) should be closely involved in the law-making process in order to introduce different perspectives so that a consistent and supportive regulatory framework for energy communities is created.

Download Full-text

A complete search for redshift z ≳ 6.5 quasars in the VIKING survey

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ◽

10.1093/mnras/staa3808 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 501 (2) ◽

pp. 1663-1676

Author(s):

R Barnett ◽

S J Warren ◽

N J G Cross ◽

D J Mortlock ◽

X Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Model Comparison ◽

High Redshift ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Selection Function ◽

Data Set ◽

Bayesian Model Comparison ◽

Fitting Method ◽

Complete Search ◽

Potential Contaminant ◽

Ranked List

ABSTRACT We present the results of a new, deeper, and complete search for high-redshift 6.5 < z < 9.3 quasars over 977 deg2 of the VISTA Kilo-Degree Infrared Galaxy (VIKING) survey. This exploits a new list-driven data set providing photometry in all bands Z, Y, J, H, Ks, for all sources detected by VIKING in J. We use the Bayesian model comparison (BMC) selection method of Mortlock et al., producing a ranked list of just 21 candidates. The sources ranked 1, 2, 3, and 5 are the four known z > 6.5 quasars in this field. Additional observations of the other 17 candidates, primarily DESI Legacy Survey photometry and ESO FORS2 spectroscopy, confirm that none is a quasar. This is the first complete sample from the VIKING survey, and we provide the computed selection function. We include a detailed comparison of the BMC method against two other selection methods: colour cuts and minimum-χ2 SED fitting. We find that: (i) BMC produces eight times fewer false positives than colour cuts, while also reaching 0.3 mag deeper, (ii) the minimum-χ2 SED-fitting method is extremely efficient but reaches 0.7 mag less deep than the BMC method, and selects only one of the four known quasars. We show that BMC candidates, rejected because their photometric SEDs have high χ2 values, include bright examples of galaxies with very strong [O iii] λλ4959,5007 emission in the Y band, identified in fainter surveys by Matsuoka et al. This is a potential contaminant population in Euclid searches for faint z > 7 quasars, not previously accounted for, and that requires better characterization.

Download Full-text

The Lamprey Forebrain – Evolutionary Implications

Brain Behavior and Evolution ◽

10.1159/000517492 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Shreyas M. Suryanarayana ◽

Juan Pérez-Fernández ◽

Brita Robertson ◽

Sten Grillner

Keyword(s):

Basal Ganglia ◽

Sensory Integration ◽

Critical Role ◽

Detailed Comparison ◽

Common Ancestry ◽

Dopamine System ◽

Cortical Areas ◽

Neural Processes ◽

Living Group ◽

Selection Of

The forebrain plays a critical role in a broad range of neural processes encompassing sensory integration and initiation/selection of behaviour. The forebrain functions through an interaction between different cortical areas, the thalamus, the basal ganglia with the dopamine system, and the habenulae. The ambition here is to compare the mammalian forebrain with that of the lamprey representing the oldest now living group of vertebrates, by a review of earlier studies. We show that the lamprey dorsal pallium has a motor, a somatosensory, and a visual area with retinotopic representation. The lamprey pallium was previously thought to be largely olfactory. There is also a detailed similarity between the lamprey and mammals with regard to other forebrain structures like the basal ganglia in which the general organisation, connectivity, transmitters and their receptors, neuropeptides, and expression of ion channels are virtually identical. These initially unexpected results allow for the possibility that many aspects of the basic design of the vertebrate forebrain had evolved before the lamprey diverged from the evolutionary line leading to mammals. Based on a detailed comparison between the mammalian forebrain and that of the lamprey and with due consideration of data from other vertebrate groups, we propose a compelling account of a pan-vertebrate schema for basic forebrain structures, suggesting a common ancestry of over half a billion years of vertebrate evolution.

Download Full-text