The calculation of LDL-cholesterol: Comparison of traditional and recent equations and their impact on lipid control rates in a hypertensive population at variable cardiovascular risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. e166
Author(s):  
R. Sarzani ◽  
F. Giulietti ◽  
M. Allevi ◽  
S. Biondini ◽  
C. Garbuglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hypertensive Population ◽  
Lipid Control

Control of cardiovascular risk factors in a vascular retinopathy population and its long-term impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Aguila Gordo ◽  
M Marina Breysse ◽  
J Piqueras Flores ◽  
J Martinez Del Rio ◽  
C Mateo Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Percutaneous Revascularization ◽  
Lipid Control

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction Control of cardiovascular risk factors is the cornerstone of secondary prevention. However, in patients with retinopathy of vascular etiology (hypertensive, diabetic or atherosclerotic) the benefit of stricter control of lipid in the long term has been little studied. Methods Prospective study of a cohort of 107 patients who underwent fundus and coronary angiography, of which 42 (39.3%) required percutaneous revascularization. During the follow-up, new cardiovascular events and analytical control of cardiovascular risk factors were recorded. Results Mean age was 75.19 ± 11.53 years. 60.7% were men, 78.5% were hypertensive, 32.7% were diabetic, and dyslipidemia was observed in 57%. Initially, 28% had 1-vessel disease, 14% 2-vessel, 8.4% 3-vessel, and 3.8% left common trunk. 0.9% had diabetic retinopathy, 3.7% had hypertensive retinopathy, 1.9% atherosclerotic, 70.1% had a combination of hypertensive and atherosclerotic retinopathy, and 7.5% signs compatible with all types. Initial and final mean values of LDL-c and HDL-c by type of retinopathy are in Table 1.  During follow-up, a significant improvement in LDL-c and HDL-c levels was observed in total patients and in patients with hypertensive and atherosclerotic retinopathy, however globally lipid control was poor and only 18.9% of the total of the sample reached the recommended levels for very high-risk people (<55 LDL-C).  Advanced hypertensive retinopathy patients with a greater reduction in LDL-C during follow-up, recorded lower mortality (p = 0.004). Besides, patients with previous percutaneous revascularization showed a greater decrease in LDL levels at the end of follow-up (69.5 ± 26.1 vs 103 ± 41.47; p <0.001); without significant changes in the rest of parameters.  Conclusions In patients with vascular etiology retinopathy, long-term lipid control is poor. However, patients with hypertensive retinopathy and a greater reduction in LDL-c had lower long-term mortality. Hypertensive retinopathy Initial Final Sig. LDL-Cholesterol (mg / dl) 102,8+/-35,5 75,65+/-28,9 <0,001 HDL-Cholesterol (mg / dl) 42,1+/-10,3 43,46+/-13,1 0,04 Atherosclerotic retinopathy LDL-Cholesterol (mg / dl) 101,2+/-36,8 79,8+/-32,98 <0,001 HDL-Cholesterol (mg / dl) 42,8+/-11,6 45,73+/-13,9 0,03 Diabetic retinopathy LDL-Cholesterol (mg / dl) 89,1+/-35,8 69,8+/-18 0,73 HDL-Cholesterol (mg / dl) 35,2+/-8,7 31,51+/-12,7 0,73

scholarly journals Atorvastatin treatment does not abolish inflammatory mediated cardiovascular risk in subjects with chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renate M. Hoogeveen ◽  
Simone L. Verweij ◽  
Yannick Kaiser ◽  
Jeffrey Kroon ◽  
Hein J. Verberne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Statin Treatment ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Cellular Inflammation

AbstractIndividuals with chronic kidney disease are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. This risk may partially be explained by a chronic inflammatory state in these patients, reflected by increased arterial wall and cellular inflammation. Statin treatment decreases cardiovascular risk and arterial inflammation in non-CKD subjects. In patients with declining kidney function, cardiovascular benefit resulting from statin therapy is attenuated, possibly due to persisting inflammation. In the current study, we assessed the effect of statin treatment on arterial wall and cellular inflammation. Fourteen patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3 or 4, defined by an estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate between 15 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, without cardiovascular disease were included in a single center, open label study to assess the effect of atorvastatin 40 mg once daily for 12 weeks (NTR6896). At baseline and at 12 weeks of treatment, we assessed arterial wall inflammation by 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron-emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and the phenotype of circulating monocytes were assessed. Treatment with atorvastatin resulted in a 46% reduction in LDL-cholesterol, but this was not accompanied by an attenuation in arterial wall inflammation in the aorta or carotid arteries, nor with changes in chemokine receptor expression of circulating monocytes. Statin treatment does not abolish arterial wall or cellular inflammation in subjects with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease. These results imply that CKD-associated inflammatory activity is mediated by factors beyond LDL-cholesterol and specific anti-inflammatory interventions might be necessary to further dampen the inflammatory driven CV risk in these subjects.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: How Relevant in African Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen-Deprivation Therapy?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Okon Ekwere Essien ◽  
Iya Eze Bassey ◽  
Rebecca Mtaku Gali ◽  
Alphonsus Ekpe Udoh ◽  
Uwem Okon Akpan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Purpose Cardiovascular disease risk factors have been associated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in white and Hispanic populations. It is therefore relevant to determine if there exists a relationship between these parameters in the African population. Patients and Methods The design of the study was cross sectional. Prostate-specific antigen concentration, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, glucose level, and insulin level were determined in 153 patients with prostate cancer and 80 controls. The patients with prostate cancer were divided into subgroups of treatment-naïve patients and those receiving ADT. Results Mean total cholesterol ( P = .010), LDL cholesterol ( P = .021), BMI ( P = .001), and waist circumference ( P = .029) values were significantly higher in patients treated with ADT when compared with treatment-naïve patients. In patients treated with ADT for up to 1 year, only mean BMI was significantly higher than in treatment-naïve patients, whereas those treated with ADT for more than 1 year had significantly higher mean BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol values when compared with treatment-naïve patients. There were no significant differences in insulin or glucose levels. Those undergoing hormone manipulation after orchiectomy had fewer cardiovascular risk factors compared with those undergoing hormone manipulation alone. Conclusion This study shows that ADT results in elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, BMI, and waist circumference values, all of which are risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Screening for cardiovascular risk factors should be included in treatment plans for patients with prostate cancer.

scholarly journals The Decreased Growth Hormone Response to Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone in Obesity Is Associated to Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Cordido ◽  
Jesús Garcia-Buela ◽  
Susana Sangiao-Alvarellos ◽  
Teresa Martinez ◽  
Ovidio Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between GHRH-induced GH secretion in obese premenopausal women and cardiovascular risk markers or insulin resistance. Premenopausal obese women, aged 35–52 years, were studied. GH secretion, IGF-I, serum cardiovascular risk markers, insulin, leptin, mid-waist and hip circumference, total body fat, and truncal fat were measured. Subjects were classified as meeting the criteria for GH deficiency (GHD) when peak GH after stimulation with GHRH was≤3 μg/L. Mean total and LDL cholesterol, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR were all higher, in subjects who would have been classified as GH-deficient compared with GH-sufficient. Peak GH secretion after stimulation was inversely associated with fasting insulin (R=−0.650,P=.012), HOMA-IR (R=−0.846,P=.001), total cholesterol (R=−0.532,P=.034), and LDL cholesterol (R=−0.692,P=.006) and positively associated with HDL cholesterol (R=0.561,P=.037). These data strongly suggest a role for insulin resistance in the decreased GH secretion of obesity and that the blunted GH secretion of central obesity could be the pituitary expression of the metabolic syndrome.

Abstract P347: Serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D, Cardiovascular Risk Markers, And Incident Myocardial Infarction In A High Risk Community Population

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeun Yang ◽  
Christopher Naugler ◽  
Lawrence de Koning
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

Background: It is unclear whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, and through what biochemical pathways this could occur. We investigated the relationship between serum 25-OH vitamin D and typical cardiovascular risk markers as well as incident myocardial infarction (MI) in a large group of high-risk individuals from the community of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Methods: Calgary Laboratory Services databases were queried for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), personal healthcare number (PHN) and first available serum 25-OH vitamin D measure from patients who received an electrocardiogram or urine creatinine clearance test from 2010-2013. Data was linked by PHN to first available laboratory results for total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, fasting glucose and HbA1c as well as Alberta Health Services hospital discharge data for first myocardial infarction (ICD-10: I21.1-9) occurring after 25-OH vitamin D measurement. Multiple linear and logistic regression were used to examine all associations. Results: There were 36 000-50 000 complete patient records for analysis of each of the risk markers, with a median follow-up of 8-11 months. A 30 mmol/L increase in serum 25-OH vitamin D was associated with significantly (p<0.001) lower total cholesterol (-0.07 mmol/L), LDL cholesterol (-0.06 mmol/L), triglycerides (-0.14 mmol/L), fasting glucose (-0.12 mmol/L), and HbA1c (-0.13% mmol/L), but higher HDL cholesterol (+0.06 mmol/L) after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, monthly hours of sun-exposure and time between measures. Among these individuals, there were 458 cases of MI occurring after 25-OH vitamin D measurement, with a median follow-up of 1 year. In a case-cohort analysis that included 2500 controls, a 30 mmol/L increase in 25-OH vitamin D was associated with a 21% (p<0.001) lower odds of MI after multivariate adjustment. This association was strongly attenuated after adjusting LDL, HDL, fasting glucose and HbA1c. Conclusion: In a high-risk group of community patients from Calgary, Alberta, Canada, higher serum 25-OH vitamin D was associated with a lower risk of MI, which was explained by changes in commonly measured cardiovascular risk markers. Further study is needed to determine whether changes in cardiovascular risk markers are causally related to changes in 25-OH vitamin D.

Abstract P011: Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Longevity

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C Odden ◽  
Andreea Rawlings ◽  
Alice Arnold ◽  
Mary Cushman ◽  
Mary Lou Biggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Cardiovascular Risk

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in old age, yet there is limited research on the patterns of cardiovascular risk factors that predict survival to 90 years. Hypothesis: The patterns of cardiovascular risk factors that portend longevity will differ from those that confer low cardiovascular risk. Methods: We examined repeated measures of blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, and BMI from age 67 and survival to 90 years in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). CHS is a prospective study of 5,888 black and white adults in two waves (1989-90 and 1992-93) from Medicare eligibility lists in four counties in the U.S. We restricted to participants aged 67 to 75 years at baseline to control for birth cohort effects and examined repeated measures of cardiovascular risk factors throughout the late-life course. We fit logistic regression models to predict survival to age 90 using generalized estimating equations, and modeled the risk factors as linear, a linear spline, and clinically relevant categories. Models were adjusted for demographics and medication use, and we also examined whether the association of each risk factor with longevity varied by the age of risk factor measurement. Best fit models are presented. Results: Among 3,645 participants in the birth cohort, 1,160 (31.8%) survived to 90 by June 16 th , 2015. Higher systolic blood pressure in early old age was associated with reduced odds for longevity, but there was an interaction with age such that the association crossed the null at 80 years. (Table) Among those with LDL-cholesterol <130 mg/dL, higher LDL-cholesterol was associated with greater longevity; at levels above 130 mg/dL there was no association between LDL-cholesterol and longevity. BMI had a u-shaped association with longevity. Conclusions: In summary, the patterns of risk factors that predict longevity differ from that considered to predict low cardiovascular risk. The risk of high systolic blood pressure appears to depend on the age of blood pressure measurement.

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