A review of the relationship between sociocultural factors and juvenile psychopathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jammie S. Rubio ◽  
Michelle A. Krieger ◽  
Emmanuel J. Finney ◽  
Kendell L. Coker
Keyword(s):  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Juvenile Psychopathy ◽  
The Relationship

Values and Corruption

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kravtsova ◽  
Aleksey Oshchepkov ◽  
Christian Welzel
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
The World ◽  
Moral Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship

Using World Values Survey data from several dozen countries around the world, this article analyzes the relationship between postmaterialist values and bribery (dis)approval in a multilevel framework. We find that people, who place stronger emphasis on postmaterialist values, tend to justify bribery more. However, the “ecological” effect of postmaterialism operates in the exactly opposite direction: A higher prevalence of postmaterialist values induces more bribery disapproval, and especially among postmaterialists themselves. In our view, this happens because the large number of people who internalized postmaterialist values generate positive social externalities which strengthen negative attitudes toward corruption. We outline a theoretical framework that explains why and how these externalities may emerge. Our results contribute to the literature on the sociocultural factors of corruption, provide a better understanding of the complex nature of postmaterialism, and also might be interesting in the light of ongoing discussions on whether moral attitudes are culturally universal or culturally specific.

Barriers to Deprescribing

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Swapnil Gupta ◽  
Rebecca Miller ◽  
John D. Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Medical Institution ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Potential Patient ◽  
Improve Patient Adherence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Improve Patient

This chapter identifies the possible barriers to deprescribing, and presents suggestions for strategies to overcome them. Although deprescribing has the potential to streamline medication regimens, minimize side effects, cut costs, improve patient adherence, and strengthen the relationship between the patient and the prescribing professional, barriers may originate from the patient, physician, and/or the institution, both local and the larger medical institution. Barriers related to prescriber-related factors such as the physician’s illusion and fear of litigation, are discussed. Potential patient- and environment-related barriers are also discussed, including sociocultural factors which may emerge in the process of initiating a course of deprescribing. Included in this chapter is a discussion of the possibility of relapse, colloquially defined, and the patient’s and provider’s fears for rehospitalization. Possible strategies for overcoming each of these barriers are discussed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of disordered eating in athletes categorized by emphasis on leanness and activity type – a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryley P. Mancine ◽  
Donald W. Gusfa ◽  
Ali Moshrefi ◽  
Samantha F. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Sport Type ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Standardized Screening

Abstract Background Disordered Eating (DE) shows a strong association with athletics and can lead to several negative mental and physical health effects. Traditionally, sports have been grouped based upon whether or not the sport emphasizes leanness as a competing factor. Due to sociocultural factors, risk for DE may also be associated with the sport type. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the available research and data in this field to consider the relationship between DE and sport type to see which factors influence prevalence among athletes Method A systematic review was completed using keywords specific to DE and sport types. Articles were either excluded due to lack of specification of athlete type or failure to use a standardized screening tool or interview for data collection. Results 6 out of 7 studies found a significant increase in DE rates among lean sport types. When classifying by sport type reports were less consistent, but show non-lean sports also have increased rates of DE. Conclusion There are variations in prevalence of DE behaviors depending on athlete type. It is important to identify the risk for DE early in athletes so emphasis can be placed on treatment options to nullify progression to an eating disorder, lower negative impacts on an athlete’s performance, and prevent other negative health effects. Using sport groups is important to clinical practice as well as research, as certain sports may have a higher risk for development of DE.

The Relationship of Environmental Temperature to the Incidence and Outcome of Schizophrenia

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunjai Gupta ◽  
Robin M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Outcome Study ◽  
Daily Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper presents new analyses of data from two multicentre studies carried out by the WHO. The morbid risk of developing schizophrenia, as broadly defined by the Determinants of Outcome Study, was positively related to the mean daily range of temperature. The outcome of schizophrenia, as determined by the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia, was found to be positively related to mean environmental temperature. Further studies are needed to examine the relationship of geographical and climatic variables to schizophrenia in order to complement what is already known about the role of sociocultural factors.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Acculturation and Experimental Pain Sensitivity in Asian Americans with Knee Osteoarthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyochol Ahn ◽  
Setor K. Sorkpor ◽  
Miyong Kim ◽  
Hongyu Miao ◽  
Chengxue Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian Americans ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Pressure Pain Threshold ◽  
Experimental Pain ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Experimental Pain Sensitivity ◽  
The Relationship

Multiple studies in healthy populations and clinical samples have shown that ethnic minorities have greater pain sensitivity than their majority counterparts. Acculturation is speculated to be one of the sociocultural factors contributing to pain sensitivity since cultural beliefs and practices can influence the way patients perceive and respond to pain. However, the relationship of acculturation to pain sensitivity in minority populations remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between acculturation and experimental pain sensitivity in 50 Asian Americans residing in North Central Florida with knee osteoarthritis pain. The Suinn-Lew Asian Self Identity Acculturation Scale was used to assess acculturation, and multimodal quantitative sensory testing was performed to measure experimental sensitivity, including heat pain tolerance, pressure pain threshold, and punctate mechanical pain. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed. Participants’ mean age was 55.7 years, and about half of this sample were Korean American (56%). The participants had lived in the United States for 21 years on average. Regression analyses indicated that lower acculturation to American culture may contribute to greater experimental pain sensitivity. Asian Americans who were more acculturated to the American culture had higher heat pain tolerance (beta = 0.61, P=0.01), higher pressure pain threshold (beta = 0.59, P=0.02), and lower ratings of punctate mechanical pain (beta = −0.70, P<0.01). These findings add to the literature regarding sociocultural factors associated with pain in Asian Americans; additional research with a larger and more diverse sample of Asian Americans is warranted for cross-validation.

Sociocultural factors in economics: Milestones and perspectives

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
A. A. Auzan ◽  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
V. A. Bryzgalin ◽  
A. V. Zolotov ◽  
E. N. Nikishina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Sociocultural Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Economics Research

The paper analyzes key achievements in sociocultural research of economic development for the last twenty years. Firstly, the paper describes the main approaches in sociocultural studies and key trends in empirical research (including causality issues). Secondly, it poses critical open questions in sociocultural research concerning the relationship between culture and institutions, within-country cultural differences, and culture in dynamics. It demonstrates how the research into culture is connected to the studies of social capital. Finally, the paper formulates the theses of the sociocultural economics research field.

Health and Beauty Magazine Reading and Body Shape Concerns among a Group of College Women

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 988-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Women's Magazines ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Body Image Disturbance ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shape And Size

Research indicates that exposure to thin ideal images in women's magazines is associated with heightened concerns for body shape and size in a number of young women, although the media's role in the psychopathology of body image disturbance is generally believed to be mediated by personality and sociocultural factors. Here, data from a survey of 340 college-age women (ages 18–25) were used to test a structural equation model that examined three potential factors—hope, beliefs about men's expectations for female thinness, and expected weight gain or loss in five years—that might mediate the relationship between reading women's magazines and body shape and size concerns. The study found health and fitness magazine reading was linked directly to body shape concerns as well as indirectly through beliefs about men's thinness expectations and to a lesser degree through expected future weight gain or loss. Beauty and fashion magazine reading, however, was linked to body shape concerns only indirectly via beliefs about men's thinness expectations. Hope was not influenced directly by reading either type of magazine, nor did it mediate the relationship between reading and body shape concerns.

scholarly journals Grandes urbes y nuevas visibilidades de la diversidad

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Liliana Ester Tamagno ◽  
Carolina Andrea Maidana
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

Resumen: En el presente trabajo reflexionaremos sobre las dialécticas: tradición/modernidad, local/global, formal/informal, pasado/presente, memorias/aprendizajes en surelación con las migraciones indígenas, y las respuestas de esta población a las condiciones dela vida urbana. El análisis de las migraciones internas entendidas como desplazamientos de individuos y/o colectivos en busca de trabajo y de mejores condiciones de existencia (Castells,1979 y Tamagno, 2001) y la relación entre urbanización, desigualdad y diversidad se realizaen este trabajo poniendo énfasis en los denominados “procesos de territorialización”, noción quenos permite dar lugar a la comprensión de las formas en que los territorios de pertenencia seconstruyen históricamente como resultado de la conjunción de factores políticos, económicos y socioculturales; algo de suma importancia dado el actual contexto de demandas territoriales y de la consecuente lucha por legitimar las presencias indígenas en el medio urbano.Palabras  clave: Ciudad; indígenas; migración; nucleamientos; procesosde territorialización. Abstract: This paper addresses the dialectics tradition/modernity, local/global,formal/informal, past /present, memory/learning, related to indigenous migration and there sponses of this population to the urban life conditions. The analysis of internal migration movements is understood as the product of individuals or groups looking for jobs and forbetter living conditions (Castells, 1979 and Tamagno, 2001), and the relationship between urbanization, inequality and diversity is emphasized in what we call “territorializationprocesses”, a concept that allows us to understand how the belonging territories are historical lyconstructed as a result of political, economic and sociocultural factors. these are very relevantissues if we consider the current context of territorial claims and the consequent struggle tolegitimize the indigenous presence in urban areas.Keywords: City; indians; migration; nucleations; territorialization processes.

The influence of the degree of formality on lexical variation in Spanish

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-220
Author(s):  
Luis Escoriza Morera
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Lexical Variation ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the enormous usefulness of variationist studies on a lexical plane, until the present day there has been little research in comparison with the attention paid by sociolinguistics to other levels of linguistic analysis such as phonetic –phonological analysis. This is due, we believe, to the theoretical and methodological problems that may occur at a lexical level. In this paper we present the results of research carried out on fifty lexical variants in Spanish. The results obtained show, on one hand, the possibility and necessity of designing tests which may help us to study the relationship between sociocultural factors and lexical elements and, on the other, the influence of the factor which we have called the degree of formality (based on the existence of different texts and communicative situations on a scale going from the most formal to the most spontaneous) in the choice of lexicon.

Are there racial and sociocultural factors that lead to a diagnostic impression of juvenile psychopathy?

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jammie S. Rubio ◽  
Lindsay Savage ◽  
Claire Johnson ◽  
Regina M. Marotta ◽  
Lauren R. Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Juvenile Psychopathy
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