Desulphurization of drop-in fuel produced through lipid pyrolysis using brown grease and biosolids feedstocks

Among the renewable energy sources is biodiesel. This fuel is usually produced by catalytic transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats under heating and pressure. Brown grease is a mixture of oils, fats, solids and detergents from food industry wastes that is captured in grease traps. Brown grease is classified as waste and must be treated and disposed of appropriately. It contains oils and fats that can be converted into biodiesel. However, the high concentration of free fatty acids in brown grease does not enable the use of conventional biodiesel production schemes. This study proposes a new scheme for biodiesel production from brown grease. In addition, conditions for the effective separation of a fat phase from brown grease were tested, and the composition of a fatty phase was determined for several grease traps. Esterification and transesterification of brown grease lipids were carried out with methanol, where the Lewis acids BF3 and AlCl3 were used as catalysts and the reaction was activated by ultrasound. The results show that biodiesel can be obtained from brown grease by esterification and transesterification within several minutes under ultrasonic activation at room temperature. These results open prospects for the development of efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly biodiesel production.

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Simultaneous Analysis of Key Precursors and Products of Pretreatment and Transesterification of Brown Grease for Biodiesel Production

Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation ◽

10.2175/193864713813674027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 (15) ◽

pp. 2600-2616

Author(s):

Eva Agus ◽

Lawrence J. Pon

Keyword(s):

Simultaneous Analysis ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Brown Grease

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Catalyzed production of biodiesel and bio-chemicals from brown grease using Ionic Liquid functionalized ordered mesoporous polymer

Applied Energy ◽

10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.04.090 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 112-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Iman Noshadi ◽

Baishali Kanjilal ◽

Shouchang Du ◽

George M. Bollas ◽

Steven L. Suib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Mesoporous Polymer ◽

Ordered Mesoporous ◽

Brown Grease

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Brown and Black Grease Suitability for Incorporation into Feeds and Suitability for Biofuels

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-221 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 731-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

PAULA MARIE L. WARD

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽

Methylene Chloride ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Oil And Grease ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Brown Grease ◽

Animal Feedstuffs ◽

Food Recalls

Waste grease lipids used in animal feeds have been the cause of food recalls in Europe, where such materials were incorporated into animal feedstuffs. This resulted in unwanted residues in human food. The composition of such lipid sources has been lacking. Seventeen composite trap grease and isolated brown grease samples were analyzed. Analytes included nutrients, metals, and volatile organic compounds. Analytes were selected for relevance to wastewater treatment and resource reuse potential. Moisture averaged 89.4% and the pH was 3.8. The 5-day biological oxygen demand was 32,531 mg/liter, solids were 7.5%, and fats, oil, and grease were 48,970 mg/liter. Non–polychlorinated biphenyl volatile organic compounds were surveyed. In the 17 grease samples, 14 contained an average of 102.5 μg/liter chloroform; 11 samples contained acetone, averaging 369 μg/liter; 9 samples contained 2-butanone, with an average of 484 μg/liter; and 8 contained an average of 710 μg/liter methylene chloride and toluene at 311 μg/liter. The mean concentration of copper in 17 composite samples ranged from 15 to 239 mg/liter, iron averaged 314 mg/liter, lead means ranged from 2.5 to 24 mg/liter, and magnesium averaged 975 mg/liter. It is hypothesized that food preparation facility cleaning and chlorinated cleaning–disinfection agents combined with the organics in the low-pH environment of the traps produce potentially carcinogenic compounds. It is recommended that these waste grease materials be used as a feedstock for biofuel.

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Catalytic Conversion of Brown Grease to Green Diesel via Decarboxylation over Activated Carbon Supported Palladium Catalyst

Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research ◽

10.1021/ie4010767 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 52 (33) ◽

pp. 11527-11536 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Elvan Sari ◽

Craig DiMaggio ◽

Manhoe Kim ◽

Steven O. Salley ◽

K. Y. Simon Ng

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Palladium Catalyst ◽

Catalytic Conversion ◽

Green Diesel ◽

Supported Palladium Catalyst ◽

Brown Grease ◽

Supported Palladium

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Incorporation of Biosolids as Water Replacement in a Two-Step Renewable Hydrocarbon Process: Hydrolysis of Brown Grease with Biosolids

Waste and Biomass Valorization ◽

10.1007/s12649-019-00897-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 6769-6780 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lin Xia ◽

Michael Chae ◽

Justice Asomaning ◽

Mehdi Omidghane ◽

Chengyong Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Strategies ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Solid Material ◽

Thermal Conversion ◽

Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Water Replacement ◽

Brown Grease ◽

Hydrolysis Of

Abstract The accumulating volumes of biosolids in lagoons worldwide have intensified the need to develop innovative wastewater treatment strategies. Here, we provide proof-of-concept for the incorporation of biosolids into the hydrolysis step of a two-step thermal conversion of lipids for production of renewable hydrocarbons, which can be utilized as renewable fuels. Brown grease was hydrolysed with biosolids or water at 260–280 °C for 60 min at a mass ratio of 1:1 feed to water or biosolids. The feedstock and products were characterized using various analytical techniques to compare the performance of biosolids to water. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the degree of hydrolysis of brown grease when biosolids was used as water replacement. The fatty acids composition after hydrolysis when biosolids was used as a water replacement also remained largely unchanged. Hydrolysis of brown grease with biosolids could be achieved at pH ranging from 3.3 to 8.9, and at a lower than previously established temperature. Significantly, the rapid settling of solid material in biosolids observed after thermal hydrolysis of brown grease may reduce the necessity of biosolids settling lagoons. Thus, incorporation of biosolids into a lipid hydrolysis-pyrolysis process may simultaneously benefit the biofuel and waste management sectors. Graphic Abstract

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Commissioning of a biogas pilot plant: From brown grease to paper mill-generated organic wastes

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj11.4.73 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 73-78

Author(s):

RICARDO B. SANTOS ◽

PETER W. HART ◽

GARY W. COLSON ◽

SIMON EVERS ◽

DENNIS EVERS

Keyword(s):

Pilot Plant ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Organic Wastes ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Waste Streams ◽

Technical Approach ◽

Engineering Data ◽

Brown Grease

The MeadWestvaco mill in Evadale, TX, USA, in conjunction with VOW Resources LLC, has constructed and commissioned a green biogas skid-mounted pilot plant to evaluate the potential of various organic waste streams to produce high-quality biogas. It is the fourth plant in the world incorporating this technical approach to biogas production. At initial startup, the plant used cow manure as organic feedstock. To commission the plant for verifying the VOW bioaugmentation process, the transition was made to using brown grease. After the brown grease commissioning trials are completed, the plant will be transitioned to a number of paper mill-generated organic wastes to acquire the design parameters and engineering data that will aid in construction of a full-scale biogas facility.

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